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The 'Naval Battle of Hakodate Bay' (Japanese:函館湾海戦) was fought from 4-10 May 1869, between the remnants of the Shogun's navy, consolidated into the armed forces of the rebel Ezo Republic, and the newly formed Imperial Japanese Navy. It was one of the last stages of Battle of Hakodate during the Boshin War, and occurred near Hakodate in the northern Japanese island of Hokkaidō.

Contents

Ezo Republic forces

Imperial forces

Combat

External links

Ezo Republic forces

The naval forces of the Ezo Republic were grouped around the warship ''Kaiten''. The fleet originally consisted of eight steamships: ''Kaiten'', ''Banryū'', ''Chiyodagata'', ''Chōgei'', ''Kaiyō Maru'', ''Kanrin Maru'', ''Mikaho'' and ''Shinsoku''.
However ''Kaiyō Maru'' and ''Shinsoku'' had been lost in a previous engagement in front of Esashi, and ''Kanrin Maru'' had been captured by Imperial forces after suffering damage in bad weather. The loss of these two major units seriously weakened the Bakufu side.

Imperial forces

For the operation, an Imperial Japanese Navy fleet had been rapidly constituted around the French-built ironclad ''Kōtetsu'', which had been purchased from the United States. Other Imperial ships were ''Kasuga'', ''Hiryu'', ''Teibo'', ''Yoharu'', ''Moshun'', which had been supplied by the fiefs of Saga, Chōshū and Satsuma to the newly formed government in 1868.
The nascent Imperial government started with a much weaker navy than that of the Bakufu, both in terms of vessel strength, unity (most of its ships were borrowed from Western fiefs), and training. However the loss of two major units on the Bakufu side previous to the main action (''Kaiyō Maru'' and ''Kanrin Maru''), and most of all, the incorporation of the revolutionary ''Kōtetsu'' since April 1868 on the Imperial side (a ship originally ordered by the Bakufu, but withheld by the United States during the main conflict (under a policy of neutrality taken by foreign nations), and finally delivered to the newly formed government), turned the tables. In addition, the Imperial government received the support of two transportation ships chartered by the United States for the transportation of its troops.

Combat

The Imperial fleet supported the deployment of troops on the island of Hokkaidō, destroyed onshore fortifications and attacked the rebel ships. On 4 May ''Chiyodagata'' was captured by Imperial forces after having been abandoned in a grounding and on 7 May ''Kaiten'' was heavily hit and put out of action. The rebels' ''Banryū'' managed to sink the Imperial forces' ''Chōyō'', but ''Banryū'' later sank in turn because of heavy damage.
The Imperial Japanese Navy won the engagement, ultimately leading to the surrender of the Shogun forces at the end of May 1869.

Ships of foreign navies — the British HMS ''Pearl'' and the French ''Coetlogon'' — were standing by neutrally during the conflict. The French captain Jules Brunet who had trained the rebels and helped organize their defenses, surrendered on ''Coetlogon'' on June 8 1869.
The future Admiral of the fleet Heihachiro Togo participated in the battle on the Imperial side as a young third-class officer, onboard ''Kasuga''.

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★ Bakumatsu navies