NANMAN

'Nanman' (南蠻, literally "southern barbarian") were rebel tribes in southwestern China. It came after the powerful Sanmiao Kingdom, dated to around the 3rd century BCE, led by the Miao. During the Three Kingdoms period, they rebelled several times under the leadership of Meng Huo. After being captured and released no less than seven times, he finally submitted to Zhuge Liang. Nanzhao regularly paid tributes through the head of military district Jiannan Jiedushi (劍南節度使).
During the Tang Dynasty, the Miao (Hmong) ceased as a major non-Chinese group except in the province of Yunnan where six "Zhao" (詔) of Miao lived. The southernmost, known as Mengshezhao (蒙舍詔) or Nanzhao (南詔), united all six Zhaos and founded the first independent Miao state during the early 8th century. The Nanman Tribes were considered to be barbarians. When the Tang Dynasty gradually declined, Nanman gained more independence, but was assimilated by later dynasties. However, some of Nanzhao's cultural influence was carried south due to its location.

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See also

See also

★ Sinocentrism

★ Nanban trade