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' Murad I ' (nick-named ''Hüdavendigâr'', "the God-like One") (Turkish:''I.Murat Hügavendigâr'') (1319 or 1326 – 1389) (Arabic: مراد الأول) was the ruler of the Ottoman Empire from 1359 to 1389. He was the son of Orhan I and the Byzantine princess Helen (Nilüfer) who was of ethnic Greek descentThe Fall of Constantinople, Steven Runciman, Cambridge University Press, p.36 The Nature of the Early Ottoman State, Heath W. Lowry, 2003 SUNY Press, p.153 History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey, Stanford Jay Shaw, Cambridge University Press, p.24 , and became the ruler following his father's death in 1359.
He established the Empire by building up a society and government in the newly conquered city of Adrianople (Edirne in Turkish) and by expanding the realm in Europe, bringing most of the Balkans under Ottoman rule and forcing the Byzantine emperor to pay him tribute. It was Murad who established the former Osmanli tribe into an empire. He established the title of sultan in 1383 and the corps of the ''janissaries'' and the ''devşirme'' recruiting system. He also organised the government of the ''Divan'', the system of timars and timar-holders (timariots) and the military judge, the ''kazasker''. He also established the two provinces of Anadolu (Anatolia) and Rumeli (Europe).

Murad fought against the powerful emirate of Karamanid in Anatolia and against the Serbs, Bulgarians and Hungarians in Europe. His moves in the Balkans brought together a Christian coalition under the king of Hungary, but they were defeated at the Battle of Maritsa on September 26, 1371 by Murad's capable second lieutenant Lala Şâhin Paşa, the first governor (''beylerbey'') of Rumeli. In 1366 the Serbian king was forced to pay tribute to the Sultan and in 1385 Sofia fell to the Ottomans. In 1389 Murad's army indecisively defeated a Balkan Christian army at the 'first' Battle of Kosovo. After the battle, Murad I was assassinated by Milos Obilic, a Serbian noble who earlier swore that it would be his sword that would kill Murad. (see the conquests of Murad I).

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Marriages and Progeny

Notes

References

Marriages and Progeny

'Marriages of Murad I:'

★ Gulcicek Hatun - of Greek origin

★ Maria Thamara Hatun - daughter of Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria and Theodora of Wallachia

★ Pasha Melek Hatun - daughter of Kizil Murad Bey

★ Fulane Hatun - daughter of Candaroglu
'Progeny of Murad I:'

★ Yakub Celebi - (d. 1389)

★ Sultan Bayezid I (1354-1403)- son of Gulcicek Hatun

★ Savci Bey - son

★ Ibrahim Bey - son

★ Yahshi Bey - son of Gulcicek Hatun

★ Halil Bey - son

★ Nefise - daughter

★ Sultan - daughter

Notes

References