(Redirected from Monarchy of England)
This is a list of the 'monarchs of
England'. Traditionally, the first King of England is listed as
Egbert,
Bretwalda from
829, though the kingdom was not permanently unified until
927, under
Athelstan. Union with
Wales was enacted in 1536, and with
Scotland in 1707 to form the
Kingdom of Great Britain. Since that date the title ''King'' (or ''Queen'') ''of England'' has been technically incorrect, though has remained in wide usage to the present day. The subsequent union with
Ireland in 1801 was amended in 1922, and the current full name of the state is the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
English monarchs
===
House of Wessex ===
''The following list starts with Egbert, King of
Wessex from
802, the first King of Wessex to have overlordship over much of England.
[1] He defeated the
Mercians and became
Bretwalda in
829. Permanent unity was not achieved until
927, under Athelstan.''
|width=auto| '
Egbert'
(''Ecgberht'')
802-
839 ||
Egbert's name in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for 827
|| c.
775son of
Ealhmund of Kent ||
Redburga8003 children ||
4 February 839aged about 64
[1]
|-
|width=auto| '
Ethelwulf'
(''Æþelwulf'')
5 February839-
855 ||
Ethelwulf
||
Aachenson of Egbert and Redburga || (1)
Osburga6 children
(2)
Judith of Flanders1 October 853no children ||
13 January 855age unknown
[1]
|-
|width=auto| '
Ethelbald'
(''Æþelbald'')
14 January855-
860 ||
''No image or coin of Ethelbald exists''|| c.
831son of Ethelwulf and Osburga ||
Judith of Flandersno children ||
20 December 860aged about 29
[1]
|-
|width=auto| '
Ethelbert'
(''Æþelberht'')
21 December860-
866 ||
Coin of Ethelbert
|| c.
835son of Ethelwulf and Osburga || unknown
2 children ||
866aged about 31
[1]
|-
|width=auto| '
Ethelred'
(''Æþelræd'')
866-
871 ||
Coin of Ethelred
|| c.
837son of Ethelwulf and Osburga ||
Wulfrida8682 children ||
23 April 871aged about 34
[1]
|-
|width=auto| '
Alfred the Great'
(''Ælfræd'')
24 April871–
899[Alfred (the Great) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 15 March 2007.] ||
Statue of Alfred the Great in Wantage
|| c.
849Wantageson of Ethelwulf and Osburga
[7] ||
EalhswithWinchester8686 children
[8] ||
26 October 899aged about 50
|-
| '
Edward the Elder'
(''Eadweard'')
27 October899–
924[EADWEARD (Edward the Elder) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed on 15 March 2007.] ||
Edward the Elder
|| c.
871-
877son of Alfred the Great and Ealhswith
[9] || (1) Ecgwynn
8933 children
(2) Aelffaed
c.
90210 children
(3)
Edgiva of Kent9054 children
[10] ||
17 July 924Farndon, Cheshireaged about 50
|-
|'
Elfward'
(''Ælfweard'')
18 July -
2 August 924 ||
''No image or coin of Elfward exists''|| c.
902son of Edward the Elder and Aelffaed || unmarried ||
2 August 924aged about 22
|-
| '
Athelstan'
(''Æþelstan'')
3 August924–
939[Aethelstan @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 15 March 2007.] ||
The tomb of King Athelstan in Malmesbury Abbey
||
895son of Edward the Elder and Ecgwynn
[11] || unmarried
||
27 October 939aged about 44
|-
| '
Edmund the Magnificent'
(''Eadmund'')
28 October939–
946[EADMUND (Edmund) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 17 March 2007.] ||
Imaginary portrait of Edmund I
|| c.
921son of Edward the Elder and Edgiva of Kent
|| (1) Elgiva
3 children
(2) Ethelfleda
946no children
[12] ||
26 May 946Pucklechurchaged about 25 (murdered)
|-
| '
Edred'
(''Eadred'')
27 May946–
955[13] ||
Imaginary line engraving of Edred made by un unknown engraver after an unknown artist
|| c.
923son of Edward the Elder and Edgiva of Kent
[EBK: Edred, King of England. URL last accessed 17 March 2007.] || unmarried
||
23 November 955Fromeaged about 32
[14]
|-
| '
Edwy the Fair'
(''Eadwig'')
24 November955–
959[EADWIG (Edwy) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 17 March 2007.] ||
Line engraving of Edwy made by an unknown engraver after an unknown artist
|| c.
940son of Edmund the Magnificent and Elgiva
[15] ||
Elgiva ||
1 October 959aged about 19
|-
| '
Edgar the Peaceable'
(''Eadgar'')
2 October959–
975[16] ||
King Edgar of England
|| c.
943Wessex
son of Edmund the Magnificent and Elgiva
[EBK: Edgar the Peacemaker, King of England. URL last accessed 17 March 2007.] || (1) Ethelflaed
c.
9601 son
(2) Wulfthryh
1 daughter
(3)
Elfridac.
9642 sons ||
8 July 975Winchester
aged about 32
[17]
|-
| '
St. Edward the Martyr'
(''Eadweard'')
9 July975–
978[EADWEARD (Edward the Martyr) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 17 March 2007.] ||
St. Edward the Martyr
|| c.
962son of Edgar the Peaceable and Ethelflaed
[18] || unmarried ||
18 March 978Corfe Castleaged about 16 (assassinated)
|-
| '
Ethelred the Unready'
(''Æþelræd Unræd'')
19 March978–
1016[Ethelred the Unready was forced to go into exile in the summer of 1013, following Danish attacks, but was invited back following Sweyn Forkbeard's death. AETHELRED (the Unready) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 17 March 2007] ||
Image of Ethelred II with an oversize sword from the illuminated manuscript "The Chronicle of Abingdon"
|| c.
968son of Edgar the Peaceable and Elfrida
[19] || (1) Ælflaed of Northumbria
4 children
(2) Aelgifu
9916 children
(3)
Emma of Normandy10023 children
[20] ||
23 April 1016Londonaged about 48
|-
| '
Edmund Ironside'
(''Eadmund'')
24 April –
30 November 1016[EADMUND (Edmund the Ironside) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 17 March 2007] ||
Edmund Ironside
|| c.
993son of Ethelred the Unready and Ælflaed of Northumbria
|| Edith of East Anglia
2 children
[English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Edmund Ironside. URL last accessed 17 March 2007] ||
30 November 1016Glastonburyaged about 23
|}
===
House of Denmark ===
''England came under the rule of Danish kings following the disastrous reign of Ethelred the Unready. Some, though not all, of these were also kings of
Denmark.''
| '
Sweyn Forkbeard'
(''Svend Tjugeskæg'')
25 December 1013–
1014[English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Sweyn Forkbeard. URL last accessed 21 March 2007.] ||
Sweyn Forkbeard, from an architectural element in the Swansea Guildhall, Swansea, Wales
|| c.
960son of
Harald Bluetooth and Gunild
[SWEYN (Forkbeard) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 21 March 2007.] || (1) Gunhilda
(2) Sigrid
||
3 February 1014aged about 54
|-
| '
Canute'
(''Knud'')
1 December1016–
1035[CNUT (Canute) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 21 March 2007.] ||
King Canute the Great from an illustrated manuscript
|| c.
995son of Sweyn Forkbeard
|| (1)
Aelgifu of Northampton2 children
(2)
Emma of Normandy1017 ||
12 November 1035Shaftesburyaged about 40
|-
| '
Harold Harefoot'
(''Harald'')
25 November1035–
1040[Harold was only recognised as king north of the River Thames until 1037, after which he was recognised as king of all England. HAROLD (Harefoot) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 21 March 2007.] ||
Harold Harefoot
|| c.
1015son of Canute and Aelgifu of Northampton
|| unknown ||
17 March 1040Oxfordaged about 25
|-
| '
Harthacanute'
(''Hardeknud'')
18 June1040–
1042[HARTHACNUT @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 21 March 2007.] ||
Harthacanute
||
1018son of Canute and Emma of Normandy
[21] || unknown ||
8 June 1042Lambethaged about 24
|}
===
House of Wessex (restored) ===
''The old West Saxon line was restored, but Edward the Confessor, who was later canonised, was more
Norman than English in his sympathies.
| '
St. Edward the Confessor'
(''Eadweard'')
9 June1042–
1066[EADWEARD (Edward the Confessor) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 21 March 2007.] ||
|| c.
1002Islip, Oxfordshireson of Ethelred the Unready and Emma of Normandy
||
Edith of Wessex23 January 1045no children
[22] ||
4 January 1066aged about 63
|-
| '
Harold Godwinson'
(''Harold Godwinesson'')
5 January –
14 October 1066[HAROLD (Godwinesson) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 22 March 2007.] ||
|| c.
1020son of
Godwin, Earl of Wessex and
Gytha Thorkelsdóttir[23] || (1)
Ealdgyth Swan-neck(2) Aldgyth
[24] ||
14 October 1066Senlac Hill (Now known as
Battle, East Sussex)
aged about 46
|-
| '
Edgar the Atheling'
(''Eadgar Æþeling'')
15 October –
10 December 1066[After ruling for approximately 8 weeks, Edgar the Atheling submitted to William the Conqueror, who had gained control of the country. EADGAR (Edgar the Ætheling) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 22 March 2007] ||
''No image or coin of Edgar exists''|| c.
1054Hungaryson of
Edward the Exile || unknown || c.
1125aged about 71
|}
===
House of Normandy ===
''It was only after the
Norman Conquest of 1066 that monarchs took regnal numbers in the French fashion, though the earlier custom of distinguishing monarchs by nicknames did not die out immediately.''
| '
William I, the Conqueror'
(''Guillaume le Bâtard'')
25 December1066–
1087[WILLIAM I @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 26 March 2007.] ||
William the Conqueror depicted at the Battle of Hastings, on the Bayeux Tapestry
|| c.
1027Falaiseillegitimate son of
Robert II, Duke of Normandy and
Herleva ||
Matilda of FlandersCathedral of Notre Damec.
10539 children
[25] ||
9 September 1087Rouenaged about 60
|-
| '
William II, Rufus'
(''Guillaume le Roux'')
26 September1087–
1100[WILLIAM II @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 26 March 2007.] ||
William Rufus depicted in the Stowe Manuscript
|| c.
1060son of William the Conqueror and Matilda of Flanders
[26] || unmarried
[27] ||
2 August 1100New Forestaged about 40
|-
| '
Henry I'
(''Henri Beauclerc'')
5 August1100–
1135[HENRY I @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 27 March 2007.] ||
Henry I
|| September
1068Selbyson of William the Conqueror and Matilda of Flanders
[28] || (1)
Edith of Scotland11 November 1100(2)
Adeliza of Louvain29 January 1121no children
[29] ||
1 December 1135Normandyaged about 67
|-
| '
Stephen'
(''Étienne de Blois'')
22 December1135–
1154[STEPHEN (of Blois) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 27 March 2007.] ||
Stephen
|| c.
1096Bloisson of
Stephen, Count of Blois and
Adela of Normandy ||
Matilda of Boulogne11253 children
[30] ||
25 October 1154Doveraged about 58
|-
| '
Matilda'
(''Mathilde l'Emperesse'')
8 April–
1 November 1141[Matilda ruled at the same time as Stephen, but her reign was disputed. MATILDA (the Empress) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 27 March 2007.] ||
Matilda
||
7 February 1102Sutton Courtenayonly legitimate daughter of
Henry I and
Edith of Scotland || (1)
Henry V, Holy Roman EmperorWorms6 January 1114no children
(2)
Geoffrey V, Count of AnjouLe Mans8 June 1129 ||
10 September 1167Rouenaged 65
|}
===
House of Plantagenet ===
''The early Plantagenets ruled many territories in
France, and did not regard England as their primary home until after most of their French possessions were lost by King John. This long-lived dynasty is usually divided into three houses.''
Angevins
| '
Henry II'
(''Henri Court-manteau'')
19 December1154–
1189[HENRY II @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 31 March 2007.] ||
Henry II
||
5 March 1133Le Mansson of
Geoffrey of Anjou and
Matilda ||
Eleanor of AquitaineBordeaux18 May 11528 children
[31] ||
6 July 1189Château Chinonaged 56
|-
| '
Richard I, the Lionheart'
(''Richard Cœur de Lion'')
3 September1189–
1199[Richard I @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 31 March 2007.] ||
Richard the Lionheart, an illustration from a 12th century codex
||
8 September 1157Oxfordson of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine
||
Berengaria of NavarreLimassolno children
[32] ||
6 April 1199Chalusaged 41
|-
| '
John, Lackland'
(''Jean Sans Terre'')
27 May1199–
1216[JOHN (Lackland) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 31 March 2007.] ||
John depicted in Cassell's History of England - Century Edition - published circa 1902
||
24 December 1167Oxford
son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine
|| (1)
Isabel of GloucesterMarlborough29 August 1189no children
(2)
Isabella of Angoulême24 August 12005 children
||
19 October 1216Newark Castleaged 48
|-
| '
Henry III'
28 October1216–
1272[Henry III @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 31 March 2007.] ||
The effigy of Henry III in Westminster Abbey
||
1 October 1207Winchesterson of John and Isabella of Angoulême
||
Eleanor of ProvenceCanterbury14 January 12365 children
[33] ||
16 November 1272Westminsteraged 65
|-
| '
Edward I, Longshanks'
20 November1272–
1307[Edward I @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 31 March 2007.] ||
||
17 June 1239Westminster
son of Henry III and Eleanor of Provence
|| (1)
Eleanor of CastileOctober
125416 children
[34](2)
Marguerite of France8 September 1299 ||
7 July 1307Burgh by Sandsaged 68
|-
| '
Edward II'
7 July 1307 –
20 January 1327[Edward II was deposed by Parliament on 20 January 1327, having been imprisoned on 16 November 1326. EDWARD II @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 31 March 2007.] ||
A statue of Edward II in York Minster
||
25 April 1284Caernarfon Castleson of Edward I and Eleanor of Castile
||
Isabella of France25 January 13084 children
[35] ||
21 September 1327Berkeley Castleaged 43 (murdered)
|-
| '
Edward III'
24 January1327–
1377[EDWARD III @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 19 April 2007.] ||
The effigy of Edward III in Westminster Abbey
||
13 November 1312Windsor Castleson of Edward II and Isabella of France
||
Philippa of HainaultYork24 January 1328[36]11 children
[37] ||
21 June 1377Surreyaged 64
|-
| '
Richard II'
21 June 1377 –
30 September 1399[Richard II @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 19 April 2007.][Richard II was deposed, and became a prisoner of Henry Bolingbroke, who usurped the throne from the prior claims of the issue of his father John of Gaunt. English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Richard II. URL last accessed 19 April 2007.] ||
Richard II, by André Beauneveu, 1390s
||
6 January 1367Bordeauxson of
Edward, the Black Prince and
Joan of Kent || (1)
Anne of Bohemia14 January 1382[thePeerage.com - Lennart Gustaf Nicholas Paul Bernadotte, Count of Wisborg and others. URL last accessed 19 April 2007.]no children
[38](2)
Isabella of ValoisCalais4 November 1396no children
||
6 January 1400Pontefract Castleaged 33
|}
Lancastrians
| '
Henry IV, Bolingbroke'
30 September1399–
1413[HENRY IV @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 20 April 2007.] ||
Henry IV
||
3 April 1367Bolingbroke Castleson of
John of Gaunt and
Blanche of Lancaster[English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Henry IV. URL last accessed 20 April 2007.] || (1)
Mary de Bohun1380[39]6 children
(2)
Joanna of Navarre7 February 1403no children
[40] ||
20 March 1413Westminsteraged 45
|-
| '
Henry V'
20 March1413–
1422[HENRY V @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 20 April 2007.] ||
Henry V
||
9 August 1387Monmouthson of Henry IV and Mary de Bohun
[English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Henry V. URL last accessed 20 April 2007.] ||
Catherine of Valois2 June 14201 son
||
31 August 1422Vincennesaged 35
|-
| '
Henry VI'
31 August 1422–
4 March 14615 October 1470–
11 April 1471[Edward IV usurped the throne in 1461 after years of civil war. Henry VI was restored for about five months in 1470 before being deposed again permanently. HENRY VI @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.] ||
Henry VI
||
6 December 1421Windsor Castleson of Henry V and Catherine of Valois
||
Margaret of AnjouTitchfield Abbey23 April 14451 son
[41] ||
22 May 1471Tower of Londonaged 49 (murdered)
|}
Yorkists
| '
Edward IV'
4 March 1461 –
2 October 147011 April1471–
1483[Edward was briefly deposed during his reign by Henry VI. EDWARD IV @ Archontology. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.] ||
Edward IV
||
28 April 1442Rouenson of
Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York and
Cecily Neville[42] ||
Elizabeth WoodvilleGrafton Regis1 May 146410 children
[43] ||
9 April 1483Westminsteraged 40
|-
| '
Edward V'
9 April–
25 June 1483[Edward V was deposed by Richard III, who usurped the throne on the grounds that Edward was illegitimate. EDWARD V @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.] ||
Edward V
||
2 November 1470Westminster
son of Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville
|| unmarried || ?September
1483?
Tower of Londonaged ?12 (traditionally murdered)
|-
| '
Richard III'
26 June1483–
1485[RICHARD III @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.] ||
Richard III
||
2 October 1452Fotheringhay Castlefourth son of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York and Cecily Neville
[44] ||
Anne Neville12 July 14721 son
[45] ||
22 August 1485Bosworth Fieldaged 32 (killed in battle)
|}
===
House of Tudor ===
''The Tudors were of partial
Welsh ancestry, and in
1536 Wales was fully incorporated into the English state (having been under English control since
1284). With Henry VIII's break from the Roman Catholic Church the monarch became the Supreme Head of the Church of England. Elizabeth I's title became the
Supreme Governor of the Church of England.
| '
Henry VII'
22 August1485–
1509[HENRY VII @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.] ||
Henry VII, by Michiel Sittow, 1505
||
28 January 1457Pembroke Castleson of
Edmund Tudor and
Lady Margaret Beaufort ||
Elizabeth of York18 January 14867 children
[46] ||
21 April 1509Richmond Palaceaged 52
|-
| '
Henry VIII'
21 April1509–
1547[HENRY VIII @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.] ||
Henry VIII, by Hans Holbein, c.1536
||
28 June 1491Greenwichson of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York
|| (1)
Catherine of AragonGreenwich
11 June 15091 child
(2)
Anne BoleynWestminster25 January 15331 child
(3)
Jane SeymourYork Place20 May 15361 son
(4)
Anne of ClevesGreenwich
6 January 1540(5)
Catherine HowardHampton Court Palace28 July 1540(6)
Catherine ParrHampton Court Palace
12 July 1543[47] ||
28 January 1547Londonaged 55
|-
| '
Edward VI'
28 January1547–
1553[EDWARD VI @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.] ||
Edward VI, by Hans Eworth
||
12 October 1537London
son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour
|| unmarried ||
6 July 1553Greenwich Palaceaged 15
|-
| '
Jane'
6 July–
19 July 1553[Jane was deposed in favour of Mary Tudor. JANE (Jane Grey) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.] ||
.jpg)
Jane, by van de Passe
|| October
1537Bradgate Parkdaughter of
Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Suffolk and
Lady Frances Brandon ||
Lord Guildford DudleyLondon21 May 1553no children
[48] ||
12 February 1554Tower of Londonaged 16 (beheaded)
|-
| '
Mary I'
19 July1553–
1558[Mary I @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.] ||
Mary I, by Antonius Mor, 1554
||
18 February 1516Greenwich
daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon
||
Philip II of SpainWinchester Cathedral25 July 1554no children
||
17 November 1558London
aged 42
|-
| '
Elizabeth I'
17 November1558–
1603[ELIZABETH I @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.] ||
Elizabeth I, by Darnley
||
7 September 1533Greenwich
daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn
|| unmarried
[49] ||
24 March 1603London
aged 69
|}
===
House of Stuart ===
''Following the death of Elizabeth I in 1603 without issue, the
Scottish king, James VI, succeeded to the English throne as James I in what became known as the
Union of the Crowns. In
1604 he adopted the title ''King of Great Britain'', although the two kingdoms remained separate.
| '
James I'
24 March1603–
1625[James I @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.] ||
James I, by Paulus van Somer
||
19 June 1566Edinburgh Castleson of
Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley and
Mary, Queen of Scots ||
Anne of DenmarkOslo23 November 15898 children
[50] ||
27 March 1625Theobalds Houseaged 58
|-
| '
Charles I'
27 March1625–
1649[Charles I. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.] ||
Charles I, by Anthony van Dyck
||
19 November 1600Dunfermline Palaceson of James I and Anne of Denmark
||
Henrietta Maria of FranceCanterbury13 June 16259 children
[51] ||
30 January 1649Londonaged 48 (executed)
|}
===
Commonwealth ===
''There was no reigning monarch between the execution of Charles I in 1649 and the
Restoration of Charles II in
1660. Despite this, from
1653 the following individuals held power as
Lords Protector, during the period known as the
Protectorate.''
| '
Oliver Cromwell'
16 December1653–
1658[[http://www.archontology.org/nations/england/commonwealth/cromwell1b.php CROMWELL, Oliver [1653-1658] @ Archontology.org]. URL last accessed 22 April 2007.] ||
Oliver Cromwell, an unfinished portrait miniature by Samuel Cooper
||
25 April 1599Huntingdonson of Robert Cromwell and Elizabeth Stewart
[CROMWELL. URL last accessed 22 April 2007.] || Elizabeth Bourchier
London22 August 16209 children
[52] ||
3 September 1658Whitehallaged 59
|-
| '
Richard Cromwell'
3 September 1658–
7 May 1659[Richard Cromwell was deposed as Lord Protector. CROMWELL, Richard @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 22 April 2007.] ||
Richard Cromwell, c.1650
||
4 October 1626son of Oliver Cromwell and Elizabeth Bourchier
|| Dorothy Maijor
16499 children ||
12 July 1712Cheshuntaged 85
|}
===
House of Stuart (restored) ===
''Although the monarchy was restored in
1660, no stable settlement proved possible until the
Glorious Revolution of
1688, when parliament finally asserted the right to choose whomsoever it pleased as monarch.''
| '
Charles II'
8 May1660–
1685[Charles II @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 24 April 2007.] ||
||
29 May 1630Londonson of Charles I and Henrietta Maria of France
||
Catherine of BraganzaPortsmouth21 May 1662no children ||
6 February 1685Westminster
aged 55
|-
| '
James II'
6 February 1685 –
23 December 1688[53] ||
||
14 October 1633St. James's Palace
son of Charles I and Henrietta Maria of France || (1)
Anne HydeLondon3 September 16608 children
(2)
Mary of ModenaDover16737 children ||
5 September 1701France
aged 67
|-
| '
William III'
13 February1689–
1702[ William III and Mary II were married and ruled together. After Mary died in 1694, William ruled on his own] ||
||
4 November 1650The Hagueson of
William II, Prince of Orange and
Mary Stuart || rowspan=2 |
St James's Palace4 November 1677no children
[ || 8 March 1702]
Kensington
aged 51
|-
| 'Mary II'
13 February
1689–1694[ || || 30 April 1662]
St James's Palace
daughter of James II and Anne Hyde || 28 December 1694
Kensington
aged 32
|-
| 'Anne'
8 March
1702–1714
England
1702-1707
Great Britain
1 May 1707-1714 || || 6 February 1665
St James's Palace
daughter of James II and Anne Hyde || George of Denmark
St James's Palace
28 July 1683
17 children || 1 August 1714
Kensington
aged 49
|}
British monarchs
=== House of Hanover ===
''England and Scotland entered into legislative and governmental union on 1 May 1707 under the Acts of Union 1707, though retained separate legal systems and other trappings of statehood. From this time on the titles ''King of England'' and ''Queen of England'' are technically incorrect (though still in wide usage).''
| 'George I'
1 August
1714–1727 || || 28 May 1660
Osnabrück
son of Ernest Augustus, Elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg and Sophia of Hanover || Sophia of Celle
Germany
1 November 1682
2 children || 11 June 1727
Osnabrück
aged 67
|-
| 'George II'
11 June
1727–1760 || || 30 October 1683
Hanover
son of George I and Sophia of Celle || Caroline of Ansbach
Hanover
22 August 1705
8 children || 25 October 1760
Palace of Westminster
aged 76
|-
| 'George III'
25 October
1760–1820 || || 24 May 1738
Norfolk House
son of Frederick, Prince of Wales and Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha || Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
St James's Palace
8 September 1761
15 children || 29 January 1820
Windsor Castle
aged 81
|-
| 'George IV'
29 January
1820–1830 || || 12 August 1762
St James's Palace
son of George III and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz || (2)[54] Caroline of Brunswick
St James's Palace
8 April 1795
1 daughter || 26 June 1830
Windsor
aged 67
|-
| 'William IV'
26 June
1830–1837 || || 21 August 1765
Buckingham Palace
son of George III and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz || Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen
Kew Palace
13 July 1818
2 children || 20 June 1837
Windsor Castle
aged 71
|-
| 'Victoria'
20 June
1837–1901 || || 24 May 1819
Kensington Palace
daughter of Prince Edward Augustus, Duke of Kent and Strathearn and Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld || Albert, Prince Consort
St James's Palace
10 February 1840
9 children || 22 January 1901
Osbourne House
aged 81
|}
=== House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha ===
''Although he was the son and heir of Victoria, Edward VII inherited his father's names and is therefore counted as inaugurating a new royal house.''
| 'Edward VII'
22 January
1901–1910[NNDB Profile of Edward VII. URL last accessed on 21 January 2007.] || || 9 November 1841
Buckingham Palace
son of Victoria and Albert, Prince Consort
Windsor
10 March 1863
6 children[Royal Genealogies. URL last accessed on 21 January 2007.] || 6 May 1910
Buckingham Palace
aged 68
|}
=== House of Windsor ===
''The house name Windsor was adopted in 1917, during the First World War. It was changed from Saxe-Coburg-Gotha because of wartime anti-German sentiment. The heirs of Elizabeth II, by royal proclamation, will remain part of the House of Windsor (even though their legal surname is Mountbatten-Windsor).''
| 'George V'
6 May
1910–1936[55] || || 3 June 1865
Marlborough House
son of Edward VII and Alexandra of Denmark[56] || Mary of Teck
6 July 1893
St James's Palace
6 children[57] || 20 January 1936
Sandringham House
aged 70
|-
| 'Edward VIII'
20 January –
11 December 1936[58] || || 23 June 1894
Richmond
son of George V and Mary of Teck
France
3 June 1937
no children
Paris
aged 77[59]
|-
| 'George VI'
11 December
1936–6 February
1952[60] || || 14 December 1895
Sandringham House
son of George V and Mary of Teck
Westminster Abbey
26 April 1923
2 children[61] || 6 February 1952
Sandringham House
aged 56[62]
|-
| 'Elizabeth II'
6 February
1952–present[63] || || 21 April 1926
Mayfair
daughter of George VI and Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon[64] || Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
Westminster Abbey
20 November 1947
4 children[65] ||
|}
Titles
The standard title for all monarchs from Alfred the Great until the time of King John was ''Rex Anglorum'' ("King of the English"). In addition, many of the pre-Norman kings assumed extra titles, as follows:
★ Alfred the Great: ''Rex Angulsaxonum'' and ''Rex Anglorum et Saxonum''
★ Athelstan: ''Rex Anglorum per omnipatrantis dexteram totius Bryttaniæ regni solio sublimatus''
★ Edmund the Magnificent: ''Rex Britanniae'' and ''Rex Anglorum caeterarumque gentium gobernator et rector''
★ Edred: ''Regis qui regimina regnorum Angulsaxna, Norþhymbra, Paganorum, Brettonumque''
★ Edwy the Fair: ''Rex nutu Dei Angulsæxna et Northanhumbrorum imperator paganorum gubernator Breotonumque propugnator''
★ Edgar the Peaceable: ''Totius Albionis finitimorumque regum basileus''
★ Canute: ''Rex Anglorum totiusque Brittannice orbis gubernator et rector'' and ''Brytannie totius Anglorum monarchus''
In the Norman period ''Rex Anglorum'' remained standard, with occasional use of ''Rex Anglie'' ("King of England"). Matilda styled herself ''Domina Anglorum'' ("Lady of the English"). From the time of King John onwards all other titles were eschewed in favour of ''Rex Anglie'', or ''Regina Anglie'' ("Queen of England") if female. In 1604 James I, who had inherited the English throne the previous year, adopted the title (now usually rendered in English rather than Latin) ''King of Great Britain''. The English and Scottish Parliaments, did not recognize this title [66]
Visual List
Notes and references
1. Burke's Peerage & Gentry URL last accessed 7 September 2007.
2. Burke's Peerage & Gentry URL last accessed 7 September 2007.
3. Burke's Peerage & Gentry URL last accessed 7 September 2007.
4. Burke's Peerage & Gentry URL last accessed 7 September 2007.
5. Burke's Peerage & Gentry URL last accessed 7 September 2007.
6. Burke's Peerage & Gentry URL last accessed 7 September 2007.
7. Catholic Encyclopedia: Alfred the Great. URL last accessed 14 March 2007.
8. Alfred the Great. URL last accessed 14 March 2007.
9. There are various references listing Edward the Elder's birth as sometime in the 870s, being the second child of a marriage of 868. There are no sources listing his birth as after 877. Anglo-Saxons.net : Edward the Elder. URL last accessed on 15 March 2007.
10. English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Edward the Elder. URL last accessed on 21 January 2007.
11. EBK: Aethelstan, King of the English. URL last accessed 15 March 2007.
12. English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Edmund the Elder. URL last accessed 17 March 2007.
13. EADRED (Edred) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 17 March 2007.
14. BritRoyals - King Edred. URL last accessed 17 March 2007.
15. Catholic Encyclopedia: Edwy. URL last accessed 17 March 2007.
16. EADGAR (Edgar the Peacemaker) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 17 March 2007.
17. The Atheling. URL last accessed 17 March 2007.
18. EBK: Edward the Martyr, King of England. URL last accessed 17 March 2007.
19. Schoolnet Spartacus: Ethelred. URL last accessed 17 March 2007
20. English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Ethelred II, the Redeless. URL last accessed 17 March 2007
21. BritRoyals - King Harthacnut. URL last accessed 21 March 2007.
22. Channel 4: Monarchy - Edith. URL last accessed 21 March 2007.
23. English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Harold II Godwineson. URL last accessed 22 March 2007.
24. BritRoyals - King Harold II. URL last accessed 22 March 2007.
25. William the Conqueror. URL last accessed 26 March 2007.
26. William II. URL last accessed 26 March 2007.
27. English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - William II Rufus. URL last accessed 26 March 2007.
28. English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Henry I Beauclerc. URL last accessed 27 March 2007.
29. Timeline of King Henry I. URL last accessed 27 March 2007.
30. English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Stephen and Matilda. URL last accessed 27 March 2007.
31. BBC - History - The Character and Legacy of Henry II. URL last accessed 31 March 2007.
32. English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Richard the Lionheart. URL last accessed 31 March 2007.
33. English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Henry III. URL last accessed 31 March 2007.
34. English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Edward I Longshanks. URL last accessed 31 March 2007.
35. Timeline of King Edward II. URL last accessed 31 March 2007.
36. TimeRef - History Timelines. URL last accessed 19 April 2007.
37. English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Edward III. URL last accessed 19 April 2007.
38. TimeRef - History Timelines - Medieval People Starting With A. URL last accessed 19 April 2007.
39. Spartacus Schoolnet: Henry IV. URL last accessed 20 April 2007.
40. Timeline of King HenryIV. URL last accessed 20 April 2007.
41. Timeline of King HenryVI. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.
42. English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Edward IV. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.
43. royal Genealogies Part 22. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.
44. English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Richard III. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.
45. Timeline of King Richard III. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.
46. Henry VII. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.
47. After Jane Seymour, Henry VIII had no more children. The Six Wives of Henry VIII. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.
48. Lady Jane Grey: Marriage. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.
49. History of the Monarchy > The Tudors > Elizabeth I. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.
50. Royal Genealogies Part 17. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.
51. Royal Genealogies Part 17. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.
52. British Civil Wars: Oliver Cromwell bio. URL last accessed 25 January 2007.
53. James II fled on 11 December, and was officially deposed on 23 December 1688
54. George IV first married Maria Anne Fitzherbert on 15 September 1785, but the marriage was void
55. King George V. URL last accessed 21 January 2006.
56. House of Windsor - George V. URL last accessed 21 January 2006.
57. Mary of Teck. URL last accessed 21 January 2006.
58. House of Windsor - Edward VIII. URL last accessed 21 January 2006.
59. Royal Government's The House of Windsor - Edward VIII. URL last accessed 21 January 2006.
60. House of Windsor - George VI. URL last accessed 21 January 2006.
61. Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon: The Indomitable Queen Mum. URL last accessed 21 January 2006.
62. King George VI dies in his sleep. URL last accessed 21 January 2006.
63. BBC Historic Figures - Elizabeth II. URL last accessed 21 January 2006.
64. House of Windsor - Elizabeth II. URL last accessed 21 January 2006.
65. BBC Historic Encyclopaedia Britannica Guide to Women's History - Elizabeth II. URL last accessed 21 January 2006.
66. After the personal union of the three crowns, James was the first to style himself ''King of Great Britain'', but the title was rejected by the English Parliament and had no basis in law. The Parliament of Scotland also opposed it. Croft, p67; Wilson, pp249-252. See also the early history of the Union Flag.
See also
★ List of monarchs in the British Isles
★ Line of Succession to the British Throne (a list of people)
★ Succession to the British Throne (historical overview and current rules)
★ Alternate Successions of the English Crown
★ List of monarchs of the British Isles by cause of death
★ Demise of the Crown
★ Mnemonic verse of monarchs in England
External links
★ English Monarchs - A complete history of the Kings and Queens of England
★ Britannia: Monarchs of Britain
★ Archontology
★ Kings of England
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
العربية
中国
Français
Deutsch
Ελληνική
हिन्दी
Italiano
日本語
Português
Русский
Español