MOERITHERIUM

'''Moeritherium''' ('the beast from Lake Moeris') is a genus consisting of several species. These prehistoric mammals are related to the elephant and, more distantly, the sea cow. They lived during the Eocene period.
The ''Moeritherium'' species were pig-like animals, which resemble the tapirs ^[1]. It was smaller than modern elephants, standing only 70 cm high at the shoulder and was about 3 m long. It is believed to have wallowed in swamps and rivers, filling the ecological niche now filled by the hippopotamus. The shape of its teeth suggest that it ate soft water vegetation.

Contents

Fossil remains

Extinct branch

In popular culture

References

Fossil remains

In 1901, Charles William Andrews described ''Moeritherium lyonsi'' from fossil remains found in the Qasr-el-Sagha formation in the Al Fayyum in Egypt. Andrews described ''Moeritherium gracile'' from fossil remains of a smaller specimen found in the same area in 1902 in fluvio-marine formation.^[2][3] In 1904, the first ''Moeritherium trigodon'' fossils were discovered by Charles Andrews in the deposits of an oasis in Al Fayyum.^[4][1] It is also found in other sites around North and West Africa ^[6]. In 1911, Schlosser divided ''Moeritherium lyonsi'' into two species. ''Moeritherium lyonsi'' a large form from the Qasr-el-Sagha formation, and a new large species ''Moeritherium andrewsi'' from the fluvio-marine formation. ^[2][3][9] In 2006, ''Moeritherium chehbeurameuri'' has been described from fossil remains found in the early late Eocene locality of Bir El Ater, Algeria. ^[10]

Extinct branch

There were several species of early elephants in existence during the Eocene, and some, such as ''Palaeomastodon'', looked relatively similar to modern elephants. However, ''Moeritherium'' was a branch of the family that evolved in a quite different way, having only a stubby trunk and short legs. ''Moeritherium'' is not believed to be an ancestor of modern elephants; it was a branch of the order that died out, leaving no descendants.

In popular culture

★ A family of ''Moeritherium'' are featured in every ''Ice Age'' film. They are referred to as starts.

★ ''Moeritherium'' appears in ''Walking with Beasts'' as well.

References

1. Koehl, D. 2006. The genus Moeritherium, ancestor of elephants. Downloaded on 6 December 2006.
2. Matsumoto, H. 1922. Revision of ''Palæomastodon'' and ''Mœritherium''. ''Palæomastodon intermedius'', and ''Phiomia osborni, new species. American Museum Novitates. Number 51, November 21.
3. Matsumoto, H. 1923. A Contribution to the Knowledge of Mœritherium. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History ; v. 48, article 4. p. 97-140.
4. ABC Online. 2002. ABC - Science - Beasts - Moeritherium Factfile Downloaded on 6 December 2006.
5. Koehl, D. 2006. The genus Moeritherium, ancestor of elephants. Downloaded on 6 December 2006.
6. BBC Homepage. 2006. - Science & Nature - Wildfacts - Moeritherium Downloaded on 6 December 2006.
7. Matsumoto, H. 1922. Revision of ''Palæomastodon'' and ''Mœritherium''. ''Palæomastodon intermedius'', and ''Phiomia osborni, new species. American Museum Novitates. Number 51, November 21.
8. Matsumoto, H. 1923. A Contribution to the Knowledge of Mœritherium. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History ; v. 48, article 4. p. 97-140.
9. Schlosser M. (1911) Beiträge zur Kenntnis der oligozänen Landsäugetiere aus dem Fayum, Ägypten. Beiträge zur Paläontologie und Geologie Österreich-Ungarns, 24: 1–167.
10. Delmer, C., Mahboubi, M., Tabuce, R. & Tassy, P. 2006. A new species of Moeritherium (Proboscidae, Mammalia) from the Eocene of Algeria: new perspectives on the ancestral morphotype of the genus. Palaeontology 49 (2), 421-434.