MODERN ART

''Dejeuner sur l'Herbe'' by Pablo Picasso

''At the Moulin Rouge: Two Women Waltzing'' by Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, 1892

''The Scream'' by Edvard Munch, 1893

''I and the Village'' by Marc Chagall, 1911

''Campbell's Soup Cans'' 1962 Synthetic polymer paint on thirty-two canvases, Each canvas 20 x 16" (50.8 x 40.6 cm), by Andy Warhol, Museum of Modern Art, New York

'Modern art' is a general term used for most of the artistic work from the late 19th century until approximately the 1970s. (Recent art production is more often called Contemporary art or Postmodern art). Modern art refers to the then new approach to art which placed emphasis on representing emotions, themes, and various abstractions. Artists experimented with new ways of seeing, with fresh ideas about the nature of materials and functions of art, often moving further toward abstraction.
The notion of modern art is closely related to Modernism.

History of Modern art

Roots in the 19th century

Early 20th Century

Criticism

Art movements and artist groups

End of 19th century

Early 20th century (before WWI)

WWI to WWII

After WWII

Important Modern art exhibitions and museums

History of Modern art

Roots in the 19th century

By the late 19th century, several movements which were to be influential in modern art had begun to emerge: Impressionism and post-Impressionism, as well as Symbolism.
Influences upon these movements were varied: from exposure to Eastern decorative arts, particularly Japanese printmaking, to the colouristic innovations of Turner and Delacroix, to a search for more depiction of common life, as found in the work of painters such as Jean-François Millet. At the time, the generally held belief was that art should be accurate in its depiction of objects, but that it should be aimed at expressing the ideal, or the domestic. Thus the most successful painters of the day worked either through commissions, or through large public exhibitions of their own work. There were official government sponsored painters' unions, and governments regularly held public exhibitions of new fine and decorative arts.
Thus, breaking with idealization and depiction were not merely artistic statements, but decisions with social and economic results.
These movements did not necessarily identify themselves as being associated with progress, or art artistic freedom, but instead argued, in the style of the times, that they represented universal values and reality. The Impressionists argued that people do not see objects, but only the light which they reflect, and therefore painters should paint in natural light rather than in studios, and should capture the effects of light in their work.
Impressionist artists formed a group to promote their work, which, despite internal tensions, was able to mount exhibitions. The style was adopted by artists in different nations, in preference to a "national" style. These factors established the view that it was a "movement". These traits: establishment of a working method integral to the art, establishment of a movement or visible active core of support, and international adoption, would be repeated by artistic movements in the Modern period in art.

Early 20th Century

Among the movements which flowered in the first decade of the 20th century were Fauvism, Cubism, Expressionism and Futurism.
World War I brought an end to this phase, but indicated the beginning of a number of anti-art movements, such as Dada and the work of Marcel Duchamp, and of Surrealism. Also, artist groups like de Stijl and Bauhaus were seminal in the development of new ideas about the interrelation of the arts, architecture, design and art education.
Modern art was introduced to the United States with the Armory Show in 1913, and through European artists who moved to the U.S. during World War I.
===After World War II===
It was only after World War II, though, that the U.S. became the focal point of new artistic movements. The 1950s and 1960s saw the emergence of Abstract Expressionism, Color field painting, Pop art, Op art, Hard-edge painting, Minimal art, Lyrical Abstraction, Postminimalism and various other movements; in the late 1960s and the 1970s, Land art, Performance art, Conceptual art and Photorealism among other movements emerged.
Around that period, a number of artists and architects started rejecting the idea of "the modern" and created typically Postmodern works.
Starting from the post-World War II period, fewer artists used painting as their primary medium; instead, larger installations and performances became widespread. Since the 1970s, new media art has become a category in itself, with a growing number of artists experimenting with technological means such as video art.

Criticism

Modern art has been criticized for an apparent poverty of technique, or in some cases (such as a solid-colored canvas or a pile of assorted objects) as being indistinguishable from non-art.

Art movements and artist groups

''(Roughly chronological with representative artists listed.)''
Modern art

Important Modern art exhibitions and museums

:For a comprehensive list see ''Museums of modern art''.

★ Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, MA

★ Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, NY

★ Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris

★ documenta, five-yearly exhibition of modern and contemporary art, Kassel, Germany

★ Guggenheim Museum, Berlin, Bilbao, Las Vegas, New York, Venice

★ High Museum, Atlanta, Georgia

★ Moderna Museet,Stockholm

★ Museo Antropologico y de Arte Contemporaneo, Guayaquil, Ecuador

★ Museo de Arte Moderno, México D.F.

★ Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía, Madrid

★ Museu d'Art Contemporani de Barcelona, Barcelona

★ Museum Ludwig, Cologne

★ Museum of Modern Art, New York

★ Pinakothek der Moderne, Munich

★ San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, San Francisco

★ Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam

★ SMAK, Gent, Belgium

★ Tate Modern, London

★ Venice Biennial, Venice

★ Walker Art Center, Minneapolis

★ Whitney Museum of American Art,New York

External links

★ Scientific inquiry in modern art

★ For more recent developments, see: Contemporary art and Postmodern art

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MODERN ART

History of Modern art

Roots in the 19th century

Early 20th Century

Criticism

Art movements and artist groups

End of 19th century

Early 20th century (before WWI)

WWI to WWII

After WWII

Important Modern art exhibitions and museums

See also

External links

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