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EspañolMISSION SAN GABRIEL ARCáNGEL
(Redirected from Mission San Gabriel Arcangel)
The 'Mission San Gabriel Arcángel' is a former Roman Catholic mission and a historic landmark in San Gabriel, California. Site of the first hospital in Alta California, the settlement was founded by Spaniards of the Franciscan Order on "The Feast of the Birth of Mary" (September 8) in 1771. The Mission, often referred to as the "Godmother of the Pueblo of Los Angeles," was designed by Father Antonio Cruzado (who hailed from Córdoba, Spain, which accounts for the strong Moorish influence).
The planned site for the Mission was along the banks of the ''Río de los Temblores'' (the River of the Earthquakes — the Santa Ana River). However, the priests chose an alternate site on a fertile plain located directly alongside the Rio Hondo in the Whittier Narrows.[7] The site of the ''Misión Vieja'' (or "Old Mission") is located near the intersection of San Gabriel Boulevard and Lincoln Avenue in Montebello, California (known to the natives as ''Shevaanga''). In 1776, a flash flood destroyed much of the crops and ruined the Mission complex, which was subsequently relocated five miles closer to the mountains in present-day San Gabriel (the native settlement of ''' Iisanchanga''). The Mission is the base from which the pueblo that became the City of Los Angeles, California was sent. On December 8, 1812 (the "Feast Day of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin") a series of massive earthquakes shook Southern California. The 1812 Wrightwood Earthquake caused the three-bell ''campanario'', located adjacent to the chapel's east façade, to collapse. A larger, six-bell structure was subsequently constructed at the far end of the ''capilla''. While no pictorial record exists to document what the original structure looked like, architectural historian Rexford Newcomb deduced the design and published a depiction in his 1916 work ''The Franciscan Mission Architecture of Alta California''.
Legend has it that the founding expedition was confronted by a large group of native Shoshone peoples whose intention was to drive the strangers away. One of the padres laid a painting of "Our Lady of Sorrows" on the ground for all to see, whereupon the natives (known to the settlers as the ''Gabrieliños'') immediately made peace with the missionaries, so moved were they by the painting's beauty.[8] Today the 300-year-old piece hangs in the Mission's ''reredos'' (sanctuary). A large stone cross stands in the center of the ''campo santo'' (cemetery), first consecrated in 1778 and then again on January 29, 1939 by Los Angeles Archbishop John Cantwell. It serves as the final resting place for some 6,000 "neophytes;" a small stone marker denotes the gravesite of José de Los Santos, the last native to be buried on the grounds at the age of 101 in February, 1921. Also interred at the Mission are the bodies of numerous Franciscan Fathers who died during their time of service, as well as the remains of Reverend Raymond Catalan, C.M.F., who undertook the restoration of the Mission's gardens. Entombed at the foot of the altar are the remains of eight Franciscan priests (listed in order of interment): Father Miguel Sánchez, Father Antonio Cruzado, Father Francisco Dumetz, Father Roman Ulibarri, Father Joaquin P. Nuez, Father Gerónimo Boscana, Father José Bernardo Sánchez, and Father Blas Ordaz. Buried among the padres is centenarian Eulalia Perez de Guillén Mariné, the "keeper of the keys" under Spanish rule; her grave is marked by a bench dedicated in her memory.
Well over 25,000 baptisms were conducted at San Gabriel between 1771 and 1834, making it the most prolific in the mission chain. In its heyday it furnished food and supplies to settlements and other missions throughout California. A majority of the Mission structures fell into ruins after it was secularized in November 1834.
The Mission's chapel functioned as a parish church for the City of San Gabriel from 1862 until 1908, when the Claretian Missionary Fathers came to San Gabriel and began the job of rebuilding and restoring the Mission. On October 1, 1987 the Whittier Narrows Earthquake further damaged the property. A significant portion of the original complex has since been restored.
★ California Historical Landmark #161 — site of "Mission Vieja"
★ Los Angeles Conservancy ''Preservation Award'' (1994) — "Seismic retrofit and restoration of ''The oldest building in Los Angeles County''"
★ Daughters of the American Revolution (1968) — "The Oldest Building in Southern California of Brick, Stone and Mortar"
1. Leffingwell, p. 43
2. Ruscin, p. 41
3. Yenne, p. 48
4. Ruscin, p. 196
5. Engelhardt, ''San Diego Mission'', p. v.; 228 "''The military district of San Diego embraced the Missions of San Diego, San Luis Rey, San Juan Capistrano, and San Gabriel...''"
6. Ruscin, p. 195
7. McCawley, p 189
8. >Leffingwell, p. 43
9. Baer, p. 127
★ Architecture of the California Missions, Baer, Kurt, , , University of California Press, Los Angeles, CA, 1958,
★ San Diego Mission, Engelhardt, Zephyrin, O.F.M., , , James H. Barry Company, San Francisco, CA, 1920,
★ Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, Engelhardt, Zephyrin, , , Franciscan Herald Press, Chicago, IL, 1931,
★ California Missions and Presidios: The History & Beauty of the Spanish Missions, Leffingwell, Randy, , , Voyageur Press, Inc., Stillwater, MN, 2005, ISBN 0-89658-492-5
★ The First Angelinos: The Gabrielino Indians of Los Angeles, McCawley, William, , , Malki Museum Press and Ballena Press, Banning and Novato, CA, 2006, ISBN 0965101614
★ The Franciscan Mission Architecture of Alta California, Newcomb, Rexford, , , Dover Publications, Inc., New York, NY, 1973, ISBN 0-486-21740-X
★ Mission Memoirs, Ruscin, Terry, , , Sunbelt Publications, San Diego, CA, 1999, ISBN 0-932653-30-8
★ California's Missions, Wright, R., , , Hubert A. and Martha H. Lowman, Arroyo Grande, CA, 1950,
★ The Missions of California, Yenne, Bill, , , Advantage Publshers Group, San Diego, CA, 2004, ISBN 1-59223-319-8
★ The Missions of California, Young, S., and Levick, M., , , Chronicle Books LLC, San Francisco, CA, 1988, ISBN 0-8118-3694-0
★ Spanish missions in California
★ Nuestra Señora Reina de los Angeles Asistencia
★ San Bernardino Asistencia
★ USNS ''Mission San Gabriel'' (AO-124) — a ''Mission Buenaventura'' Class fleet oiler built during World War II
★ San Gabriel Mission High School
★ Eulalia Perez de Guillén Mariné
★ Elevation & Site Layout sketches of the Mission proper
★ Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record
★ Virtual Reality Panorama of "The Camino Real Door at Mission San Gabriel"
★ Official website of the Gabrieleno/Tongva Tribal Council of San Gabriel
★ San Gabriel Mission High
The 'Mission San Gabriel Arcángel' is a former Roman Catholic mission and a historic landmark in San Gabriel, California. Site of the first hospital in Alta California, the settlement was founded by Spaniards of the Franciscan Order on "The Feast of the Birth of Mary" (September 8) in 1771. The Mission, often referred to as the "Godmother of the Pueblo of Los Angeles," was designed by Father Antonio Cruzado (who hailed from Córdoba, Spain, which accounts for the strong Moorish influence).
| Contents |
| History |
| Other historic designations |
| Notes |
| References |
| See also |
| External links |
History
The planned site for the Mission was along the banks of the ''Río de los Temblores'' (the River of the Earthquakes — the Santa Ana River). However, the priests chose an alternate site on a fertile plain located directly alongside the Rio Hondo in the Whittier Narrows.[7] The site of the ''Misión Vieja'' (or "Old Mission") is located near the intersection of San Gabriel Boulevard and Lincoln Avenue in Montebello, California (known to the natives as ''Shevaanga''). In 1776, a flash flood destroyed much of the crops and ruined the Mission complex, which was subsequently relocated five miles closer to the mountains in present-day San Gabriel (the native settlement of ''
Legend has it that the founding expedition was confronted by a large group of native Shoshone peoples whose intention was to drive the strangers away. One of the padres laid a painting of "Our Lady of Sorrows" on the ground for all to see, whereupon the natives (known to the settlers as the ''Gabrieliños'') immediately made peace with the missionaries, so moved were they by the painting's beauty.[8] Today the 300-year-old piece hangs in the Mission's ''reredos'' (sanctuary). A large stone cross stands in the center of the ''campo santo'' (cemetery), first consecrated in 1778 and then again on January 29, 1939 by Los Angeles Archbishop John Cantwell. It serves as the final resting place for some 6,000 "neophytes;" a small stone marker denotes the gravesite of José de Los Santos, the last native to be buried on the grounds at the age of 101 in February, 1921. Also interred at the Mission are the bodies of numerous Franciscan Fathers who died during their time of service, as well as the remains of Reverend Raymond Catalan, C.M.F., who undertook the restoration of the Mission's gardens. Entombed at the foot of the altar are the remains of eight Franciscan priests (listed in order of interment): Father Miguel Sánchez, Father Antonio Cruzado, Father Francisco Dumetz, Father Roman Ulibarri, Father Joaquin P. Nuez, Father Gerónimo Boscana, Father José Bernardo Sánchez, and Father Blas Ordaz. Buried among the padres is centenarian Eulalia Perez de Guillén Mariné, the "keeper of the keys" under Spanish rule; her grave is marked by a bench dedicated in her memory.
Well over 25,000 baptisms were conducted at San Gabriel between 1771 and 1834, making it the most prolific in the mission chain. In its heyday it furnished food and supplies to settlements and other missions throughout California. A majority of the Mission structures fell into ruins after it was secularized in November 1834.
A streetcar of the Pacific Electric Railway makes a stop at Mission San Gabriel Arcángel ''circa'' 1905.
The Mission's chapel functioned as a parish church for the City of San Gabriel from 1862 until 1908, when the Claretian Missionary Fathers came to San Gabriel and began the job of rebuilding and restoring the Mission. On October 1, 1987 the Whittier Narrows Earthquake further damaged the property. A significant portion of the original complex has since been restored.
Other historic designations
★ California Historical Landmark #161 — site of "Mission Vieja"
★ Los Angeles Conservancy ''Preservation Award'' (1994) — "Seismic retrofit and restoration of ''The oldest building in Los Angeles County''"
★ Daughters of the American Revolution (1968) — "The Oldest Building in Southern California of Brick, Stone and Mortar"
Notes
Artist Rexford Newcomb's rendition of Mission San Gabriel Arcángel's original ''campanile'', or "bell tower." The details are similar to those of the chapel at Mission Santa Inés.[9]
1. Leffingwell, p. 43
2. Ruscin, p. 41
3. Yenne, p. 48
4. Ruscin, p. 196
5. Engelhardt, ''San Diego Mission'', p. v.; 228 "''The military district of San Diego embraced the Missions of San Diego, San Luis Rey, San Juan Capistrano, and San Gabriel...''"
6. Ruscin, p. 195
7. McCawley, p 189
8. >Leffingwell, p. 43
9. Baer, p. 127
References
★ Architecture of the California Missions, Baer, Kurt, , , University of California Press, Los Angeles, CA, 1958,
★ San Diego Mission, Engelhardt, Zephyrin, O.F.M., , , James H. Barry Company, San Francisco, CA, 1920,
★ Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, Engelhardt, Zephyrin, , , Franciscan Herald Press, Chicago, IL, 1931,
★ California Missions and Presidios: The History & Beauty of the Spanish Missions, Leffingwell, Randy, , , Voyageur Press, Inc., Stillwater, MN, 2005, ISBN 0-89658-492-5
★ The First Angelinos: The Gabrielino Indians of Los Angeles, McCawley, William, , , Malki Museum Press and Ballena Press, Banning and Novato, CA, 2006, ISBN 0965101614
★ The Franciscan Mission Architecture of Alta California, Newcomb, Rexford, , , Dover Publications, Inc., New York, NY, 1973, ISBN 0-486-21740-X
★ Mission Memoirs, Ruscin, Terry, , , Sunbelt Publications, San Diego, CA, 1999, ISBN 0-932653-30-8
★ California's Missions, Wright, R., , , Hubert A. and Martha H. Lowman, Arroyo Grande, CA, 1950,
★ The Missions of California, Yenne, Bill, , , Advantage Publshers Group, San Diego, CA, 2004, ISBN 1-59223-319-8
★ The Missions of California, Young, S., and Levick, M., , , Chronicle Books LLC, San Francisco, CA, 1988, ISBN 0-8118-3694-0
See also
Mission San Gabriel Arcángel ''circa'' 1900. The trail in the foreground is part of the original El Camino Real.
★ Spanish missions in California
★ Nuestra Señora Reina de los Angeles Asistencia
★ San Bernardino Asistencia
★ USNS ''Mission San Gabriel'' (AO-124) — a ''Mission Buenaventura'' Class fleet oiler built during World War II
★ San Gabriel Mission High School
★ Eulalia Perez de Guillén Mariné
External links
★ Elevation & Site Layout sketches of the Mission proper
★ Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record
★ Virtual Reality Panorama of "The Camino Real Door at Mission San Gabriel"
★ Official website of the Gabrieleno/Tongva Tribal Council of San Gabriel
★ San Gabriel Mission High
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