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In Greek mythology, 'Metis' was of the Titan generation and, like several primordial figures, an Oceanid, in the sense that Metis was born of Oceanus and Tethys, of an earlier age than Zeus and his siblings. Metis was the first great spouse of Zeus, indeed his equal (Hesiod, ''Theogony'' 896) and the mother of Athena, the goddess of war and wisdom. By the era of Greek philosophy Metis had become the goddess of wisdom and deep thought, but her name originally connoted "magical cunning" and was as easily equated with the trickster powers of Prometheus as with the "royal ''metis''" of Zeus.^[1] The Stoic commentators allegorized Metis as the embodiment of "wisdom" or "wise counsel", in which form she was inherited by the Renaissance.^[2]
Metis was both a threat to Zeus and an indispensable aid (Brown 1952:133):
:''Zeus lay with Metis but immediately feared the consequences. It had been prophesied that Metis would bear extremely powerful children: the first, Athena and the second, a son more powerful than Zeus himself, who would eventually overthrow Zeus.''^[3]
In order to forestall these dire consequences, Zeus tricked her into turning herself into a fly and promptly swallowed her. He was too late: Metis had already conceived a child. In time she began making a helmet and robe for her fetal daughter. The hammering as she made the helmet caused Zeus great pain and Prometheus, Hephaestus, Hermes, or Palaemon (depending on the sources examined) either cleaved Zeus's head with an axe,^[4] or hit it with a hammer at the river Triton, giving rise to Athena's epithet ''Tritogeneia''. Athena leaped from Zeus's head, fully grown, armed, and armored, and Zeus was none the worse for the experience. The similarities between Zeus swallowing Metis and Cronus swallowing his children have been noted by several scholars.
The second consort taken by Zeus, according to the ''Theogony'' was Themis, "right order".
Hesiod's account is followed by Acusilaus and the Orphic tradition, which enthroned Metis side by side with Eros as primal cosmogenic forces. Plato makes ''poros'', or "creative ingenuity", the child of Metis.^[5]

Contents

Metis in astronomy

Notes

References

External links

Metis in astronomy

The asteroid 9 Metis was named for her in 1848, and the minor Jupiter moon Metis in 1979.

Notes

1. Norman O. Brown, "The Birth of Athena" ''Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association'' '83' (1952), pp. 130–143.
2. A.B. Cook, ''Zeus'' (1914) 1940, noted in Brown 1952:133 note.
3. Hesiod's Theogony, 886–900 Available at wikisource
4. Pindar, ''Seventh Olympian Ode'' the first written appearance of this iconic image that A.B. Cook showed first appears in sixth-century vase-painting; previously the Eilithyiaa attend Zeus at the birthing.
5. ''Symposium''.

References

★ M. Detienne and J.-P. Vernant, ''Les Ruses de l'intelligence: la Mètis des Grecs'' (Paris, 1974). ISBN 2080810367.

External links

★ Metis at theoi.com