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'Mass games' or 'mass gymnastics' are a form of gymnastics in which large numbers of performers take part in a highly regimented performance that emphasizes group dynamics rather than individual prowess. Because of the vast scale of the performance, with often tens of thousands of performers, mass games are performed in stadiums, often accompanied by a background of card-turners occupying the seats on the opposite side from the viewers. Mass games are typically used to emphasize themes of political propaganda. They developed alongside 19^th century nationalist movements, particularly the Czech Sokol movement, as they embodied youth, strength, militarism, and unity.
The post-World War II mass games were developed in other countries under communism, notably in Romania.
Today, mass games are regularly performed only in North Korea, where they take place to celebrate national holidays such as the birthdays of rulers Kim Il-sung and Kim Jong-il. In recent years, they have been the main attraction of the Arirang Festival in Pyongyang. The 2004 film ''A State of Mind'' details the training of two young girls from Pyongyang who perform in the mass games.

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References

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External links

★ Video clip of mass games

★ (Full) video clip of mass games, September 2001

★ Site about mass gymnastics under communism

★ ''A State of Mind'' homepage

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