MARCH 16

Contents

Events

Births

Deaths

Holidays and observances

Liturgical feasts

References

External links

Events

★ 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king

★ 1190 - Crusaders start to massacre the Jews of York; many Jews commit suicide rather than submit to baptism.

★ 1249 - The Servite Order is officially approved by Cardinal Raniero Capocci, papal legate in Tuscany.

★ 1322 - Battle of Boroughbridge in the First War of Scottish Independence.

★ 1521 - Ferdinand Magellan reaches the Philippines.

★ 1621 - Samoset, a Mohegan, visits the settlers of Plymouth Colony and greets them, "Welcome, Englishmen! My name is Samoset."

★ 1660 - The Long Parliament disbands.

★ 1689 - The 23rd Regiment of Foot or Royal Welch Fusiliers is founded.

★ 1792 - King Gustav III of Sweden is shot; he dies on March 29.

★ 1802 - The United States Military Academy West Point is established.

★ 1812 - Battle of Badajoz (March 16 - April 6) - British and Portuguese forces besiege and defeat French garrison during Peninsular War.

★ 1815 - Prince Willem of the House of Orange-Nassau proclaimed himself King of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, the first constitutional monarch in the Netherlands.

★ 1818 - Battle of Cancha Rayada - Spanish forces defeat Chileans under José de San Martín.

★ 1855 - Bates College in Lewiston, Maine is founded.

★ 1861 - Edward Clark became Governor of Texas, replacing Sam Houston, who was evicted from the office for refusing to take an oath of loyalty to the Confederacy.

★ 1867 - First publication of an article by Joseph Lister outlining the discovery of antiseptic surgery, in ''The Lancet''.

★ 1872 - The Wanderers F.C. won the first FA Cup, the oldest football competition in the world, beating Royal Engineers A.F.C. 1-0 at The Oval in Kennington, London.

★ 1900 - Sir Arthur Evans purchases the land around the ruins of Knossos, the largest Bronze Age archaeological site on Crete.

★ 1912 - Lawrence Oates, ill member of Scott's South Pole expedition leaves the tent saying, "I am just going outside and may be some time."

★ 1916 - 7th and 10th US cavalry regiments under John J. Pershing cross the border to join the hunt of Pancho Villa.

★ 1924 - The free port of Fiume formally annexed by Mussolini's fascist regime.

★ 1926 - History of Rocketry: Robert Goddard launches the first liquid-fueled rocket, at Auburn, Massachusetts.

★ 1935 - Adolf Hitler orders Germany to rearm herself in violation of the Versailles Treaty. Conscription was reintroduced to form the Wehrmacht.

★ 1939 - From Prague Castle Hitler proclaimed Bohemia and Moravia a German protectorate.

★ 1939 - Marriage of Princess Fawzia of Egypt to Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi of Iran

★ 1942 - History of Rocketry: First V-2 rocket test launch (exploded at liftoff)

★ 1945 - World War II: The Battle of Iwo Jima ends but small pockets of Japanese resistance persist.

★ 1945 - Würzburg, Germany is 90% destroyed, with 5,000 dead, in only 20 minutes by British bombers.

★ 1952 - In Cilaos, Réunion, 73 inches (1,870mm) of rain falls in one day, setting a new world record.

★ 1956 - St. Urho's Day is first celebrated.

★ 1958 - Ford Motor Company produces its 50 millionth automobile, the Thunderbird, averaging almost a million cars a year since the company's founding.

★ 1962 - A Flying Tiger Line Super Constellation disappears in the western Pacific Ocean, with 107 people missing.

★ 1963 - Mount Agung erupts on Bali - 11,000 dead

★ 1966 - Launch of Gemini 8, the 12th manned American space flight and first space docking with the Agena Target Vehicle.

★ 1968 - Vietnam War: In the My Lai massacre, between 350 and 500 Vietnamese villagers -- men, women, and children -- are killed by American troops.

★ 1968 - General Motors releases its 100 millionth automobile, the Oldsmobile Toronado.

★ 1969 - A Venezuelan Airlines DC-9 crashes shortly after takeoff in Maracaibo, Venezuela killing 155

★ 1971 - Government of Trygve Bratteli in Norway

★ 1972 - The first building of the Pruitt-Igoe housing complex is demolished.

★ 1976 - UK Prime Minister, Harold Wilson resigns.

★ 1978 - Aldo Moro is kidnapped by left-wing terrorists in Italy and is later killed by his captors.

★ 1978 - Supertanker ''Amoco Cadiz'' splits in two after running aground on Portsall Rocks, three miles off the coast of Brittany, resulting in the 5th-largest oil spill in history

★ 1983 - Demolition of the radio tower Ismaning, the last radio tower in Germany built of wood.

★ 1984 - William Buckley, the CIA station chief in Beirut, Lebanon, is kidnapped by Islamic fundamentalists and later dies in captivity.

★ 1985 - Associated Press newsman Terry Anderson is taken hostage in Beirut. He would be released on December 4, 1991.

★ 1988 - Iran-Contra Affair: Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North and Vice Admiral John Poindexter are indicted on charges of conspiracy to defraud the United States.

★ 1988 - Halabja poison gas attack: The Kurdish town of Halabjah in Iraq was attacked with a mix of poison gas and nerve agents, killing thousands of people.

★ 1995 - Mississippi formally ratifies the Thirteenth Amendment, becoming the last state to approve the abolition of slavery.

★ 1996 - Göran Persson is elected leader of the Swedish Social Democratic Party.

★ 1997 - Sandline affair - On Bougainville, soldiers of commander Jerry Singirok arrest Tim Spicer and his mercenaries of the Sandline International

★ 1998 - Pope John Paul II apologises for inactivity and silence of some Roman Catholics during the Holocaust.

★ 2003 - Largest coordinated worldwide vigil, as part of the global protests against Iraq war.

★ 2005 - Israel officially hands over Jericho to Palestinian control

★ 2006 - The United Nations General Assembly votes overwhelmingly to establish the UN Human Rights Council.

Births

★ 1338 - Thomas de Beauchamp, 12th Earl of Warwick (d. 1401)

★ 1445 - Johann Geiler von Kaisersberg, Swiss-born preacher (d. 1510)

★ 1473 - Henry IV the Pious, Duke of Saxony (d. 1541)

★ 1581 - Pieter Corneliszoon Hooft, Dutch historian and writer (d. 1647)

★ 1585 - Gerbrand Adriaensz Bredero, Dutch writer (d. 1618)

★ 1631 - René Le Bossu, French critic (d. 1680)

★ 1654 - Andreas Acoluthus, German orientalist (d. 1704)

★ 1750 - Caroline Herschel, German-born English astronomer (d. 1848)

★ 1751 - James Madison, 4th President of the United States (d. 1836)

★ 1773 - Juan Ramón Balcarce, Argentine military leader and politician (d. 1836)

★ 1774 - Captain Matthew Flinders, English explorer of the coasts of Australia (d. 1814)

★ 1789 - Georg Simon Ohm, German physicist (d. 1854)

★ 1794 - Ami Boué, Austrian geologist (d. 1881)

★ 1800 - Emperor Ninko of Japan (d. 1846)

★ 1805 - Peter Ernst von Lasaulx, German philosopher and writer (d. 1861)

★ 1822 - Rosa Bonheur, French realist painter and sculptor (d. 1899)

★ 1834 - James Hector, Scottish geologist (d. 1907)

★ 1839 - René François Armand Sully-Prudhomme, French writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1907)

★ 1839 - John Butler Yeats, Northern Irish artist (d. 1922)

★ 1840 - Shibusawa Eiichi, Japanese industrialist (d. 1931)

★ 1846 - Gösta Mittag-Leffler, Swedish mathematician (d. 1927)

★ 1851 - Martinus Beijerinck, Dutch microbiologist and botanist (d. 1931)

★ 1856 - Napoléon Eugène Louis John Joseph, called Napoleon IV, the only child of Emperor Napoleon III of France (d. 1879)

★ 1857 - Charles Harding Firth, British historian (d. 1936)

★ 1859 - Alexander Stepanovich Popov, Russian physicist (d. 1906)

★ 1865 - Patsy Donovan, Irish-American baseball player (d. 1953)

★ 1877 - Reza Shah Pahlavi, Shah of Iran (d. 1941)

★ 1878 - Clemens August Graf von Galen, German archbishop and cardinal (d. 1946)

★ 1889 - Reggie Walker, South African athlete (d. 1951)

★ 1890 - Solomon Mikhoels, Soviet actor and chairman of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee (d. 1948)

★ 1892 - César Vallejo, Peruvian poet (d. 1938)

★ 1892 - James Petrillo, leader of the U.S. musicians union (d. 1984)

★ 1897 - Conrad Nagel, American actor (d. 1970)

★ 1883 - Ethel Anderson, Australian poet (d. 1958)

★ 1898 - Viktor Chaim Blerot, French/Swedish philosopher (d. 1972)

★ 1901 - Edward Pawley, American actor (d. 1988)

★ 1902 - Leon Roppolo, American jazz clarinetist (d. 1943)

★ 1903 - Mike Mansfield, American politician, and diplomat (d. 2001)

★ 1905 - Elisabeth Flickenschildt, German actress (d. 1977)

★ 1905 - Marlin Perkins, American naturalist (d. 1986)

★ 1906 - Henny Youngman, American comedian (d. 1998)

★ 1906 - Francisco Ayala, Spanish writer

★ 1908 - René Daumal, French Surrealist writer (d. 1944)

★ 1908 - Robert Rossen, American film director, screenwriter and producer (d. 1966)

★ 1911 - Josef Mengele, Nazi war criminal (d. 1979)

★ 1911 - Pierre Harmel, Belgian politician

★ 1912 - Pat Nixon, First Lady of the United States (d. 1993)

★ 1916 - Mercedes McCambridge, American actress (d. 2004)

★ 1917 - Samael Aun Weor, Colombian writer (d. 1977)

★ 1918 - Frederick Reines, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1998)

★ 1920 - Leo McKern, Australian actor (d. 2002)

★ 1920 - Traudl Junge, Hitler's secretary (d. 2002)

★ 1920 - John Addison, British composer (d. 1998)

★ 1920 - Dorothea Binz, Nazi war criminal (d. 1947)

★ 1922 - Harding Lemay, American television scriptwriter and playwright

★ 1925 - Luis E. Miramontes, Mexican chemist, co-inventor of the combined oral contraceptive pill (d. 2004)

★ 1926 - Charles Goodell, American politician (d. 1987)

★ 1926 - Jerry Lewis, American comedian

★ 1927 - Vladimir Komarov, Soviet cosmonaut (d. 1967)

★ 1927 - Daniel Patrick Moynihan, U.S. Senator from New York (d. 2003)

★ 1927 - Olga San Juan, American comedian

★ 1928 - Christa Ludwig, German mezzo-soprano

★ 1928 - Karlheinz Böhm, Austrian actor

★ 1929 - Nadja Tiller, Austrian actress

★ 1930 - Tommy Flanagan, American jazz pianist (d. 2001)

★ 1931 - Betty Johnson, American singer

★ 1932 - Don Blasingame, American baseball player and manager (d. 2005)

★ 1932 - Walter Cunningham, American astronaut

★ 1933 - Sandy Weill, American financier and philanthropist

★ 1934 - Ray Hnatyshyn, Governor-General of Canada (d. 2002)

★ 1935 - Teresa Berganza, Spanish soprano

★ 1936 - Fred Neil, American singer-songwriter (d. 2001)

★ 1937 - Amos Tversky, Israeli psychologist (d. 1996)

★ 1939 - Carlos Bilardo, Argetinian football coach

★ 1940 - Bernardo Bertolucci, Italian film director

★ 1940 - Jan Pronk, Dutch politician

★ 1941 - Robert Guéï, ruler of Côte d'Ivoire (d. 2002)

★ 1941 - Chuck Woolery, American game show host

★ 1942 - James Soong, Taiwanese politician

★ 1942 - Jerry Jeff Walker, American musician

★ 1942 - Roger Crozier, Canadian ice hockey goaltender (d. 1996)

★ 1943 - Ursula Goodenough, Evolutionary Scholar, Cell Biologist

★ 1946 - Michael Basman, English chess master

★ 1946 - Hubert Soudant, Dutch conductor

★ 1947 - Ramzan Paskayev, Chechen accordionist

★ 1948 - Michael Bruce, American musician. Guitarist and keyboard player for Alice Cooper

★ 1948 - Margaret Weis, American author

★ 1948 - Richard Desjardins, Quebec singer, songwriter and film director

★ 1949 - Erik Estrada, Puerto Rican actor

★ 1949 - Victor Garber, Canadian actor

★ 1950 - Kate Nelligan, Canadian actress

★ 1951 - Joe DeLamielleure, American football player

★ 1952 - Philippe Kahn, French-American entrepreneur

★ 1953 - Isabelle Huppert, French actress

★ 1953 - Richard Stallman, American free software activist

★ 1954 - Jimmy Nail, British actor and singer

★ 1954 - Nancy Wilson, American guitarist, singer, and actress (Heart)

★ 1955 - Jiro Watanabe, Japanese boxer

★ 1955 - Bruno Barreto, Brazilian film director

★ 1958 - Jorge Ramos, Mexican TV anchor

★ 1959 - Flavor Flav, American rapper

★ 1959 - Jens Stoltenberg, Prime Minister of Norway

★ 1960 - Duane Sutter, Canadian ice hockey player

★ 1961 - Todd McFarlane, Canadian cartoonist, comic book writer, artist, and media entrepreneur

★ 1961 - Brett Kenny, Australian rugby league footballer

★ 1963 - Jimmy Degrasso, American musician, drummer

★ 1963 - Kevin Smith, New Zealand actor (d. 2002)

★ 1964 - Patty Griffin, American singer and songwriter

★ 1964 - Gore Verbinski, American movie director

★ 1964 - Pascal Richard, Swiss cyclist

★ 1965 - Richard Daniel Roman, English songwriter and record producer

★ 1967 - Lauren Graham, American actress

★ 1971 - Alan Tudyk, American actor

★ 1974 - Georgios Anatolakis, Greek footballer

★ 1974 - Fotini Vavatsi, Greek archer

★ 1976 - Nick Spano, American actor

★ 1976 - Abraham Núñez, Dominican baseball player

★ 1977 - Donal Óg Cusack, Irish hurler

★ 1979 - Edison Méndez, Ecuadorian footballer

★ 1979 - Leena Peisa, Finnish musician ''(Lordi)''

★ 1980 - Felipe Reyes, Spanish basketball player

★ 1980 - Todd Heap, American football player

★ 1981 - Andrew Bree, Irish swimmer

★ 1983 - Brandon League, American baseball player

★ 1984 - Levi Brown, American football player

★ 1985 - Nicole Trunfio, Australian supermodel

★ 1986 - Ken Doane, American professional wrestler

★ 1987 - Tiiu Kuik, Estonian model

★ 1989 - Theo Walcott, English footballer

★ 1989 - Peaches Geldof, English writer

★ 1990 - James Bulger, British murder victim (d. 1993)

★ 1991 - Wolfgang Van Halen, American musician

★ 1994 - Sierra McClain, American actress and singer

Deaths

★ 37 - Tiberius Claudius Nero Caesar, Roman Emperor (b. 46 BC)

★ 455 - Valentinian III, Roman Emperor (b. 419)

★ 1021 - Heribert of Cologne, Archbishop of Cologne and Chancellor of Emperor Otto III

★ 1037 - Robert I, Archbishop of Rouen

★ 1072 - Adalbert of Hamburg, German archbishop

★ 1322 - Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford, English soldier (b. 1276)

★ 1410 - John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset (b. 1373)

★ 1457 - László Hunyadi, Hungarian statesman and warrior (b. 1433)

★ 1485 - Anne Neville, queen of Richard III of England (b. 1456)

★ 1559 - Anthony St. Leger, Lord Deputy of Ireland (b. 1496)

★ 1649 - Jean de Brébeuf, French Jesuit missionary (b. 1593)

★ 1620 - St. John Sarkander, Moravian priest, died of injuries caused by torturing

★ 1679 - John Leverett, Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony (b. 1616)

★ 1721 - James Craggs the Elder, English politician (b. 1657)

★ 1736 - Giovanni Battista Pergolesi, Italian composer (b. 1710)

★ 1737 - Benjamin Wadsworth, President of Harvard University (b. 1670)

★ 1738 - George Bähr, German architect (b. 1666)

★ 1747 - Christian Augustus of Anhalt-Zerbst, father of Catherine II of Russia (b. 1690)

★ 1888 - Hippolyte Carnot, French statesman (b. 1801)

★ 1890 - Zorka of Montenegro, Princess of Serbia (b. 1864)

★ 1892 - Samuel F. Miller, American politician (b. 1827)

★ 1898 - Aubrey Beardsley, British artist (b. 1872)

★ 1899 - Joseph Medill, mayor of Chicago (b. 1823)

★ 1903 - Roy Bean, American jurist

★ 1914 - Charles Albert Gobat, Swiss politician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1843)

★ 1926 - Sergeant Stubby, decorated World War I dog

★ 1930 - Miguel Primo de Rivera, Spanish dictator (b. 1870)

★ 1935 - John James Richard Macleod, Scottish-born physician and physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1876)

★ 1935 - Aron Nimzowitsch, Latvian-born chess player (b. 1886)

★ 1936 - Marguerite Durand, French journalist and feminist (b. 1864)

★ 1940 - Selma Lagerlöf, Swedish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1858)

★ 1945 - Börries von Münchhausen, German poet (b. 1874)

★ 1955 - Nicolas de Staël, French-Russian painter (b. 1914)

★ 1957 - Constantin Brancusi, Romanian sculptor (b. 1876)

★ 1968 - Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco, Italian composer (b. 1895)

★ 1970 - Tammi Terrell, American singer (b. 1946)

★ 1971 - Thomas Dewey, American presidential candidate (b. 1902)

★ 1975 - Richard W. DeKorte, American politician (b. 1936)

★ 1975 - T-Bone Walker, American musician (b. 1910)

★ 1977 - Kamal Jumblatt, leader of the Lebanese Druze (b. 1917)

★ 1979 - Jean Monnet, French politician (b. 1888)

★ 1980 - Tamara de Lempicka, Polish-born painter (b. 1898)

★ 1983 - Arthur Godfrey, American actor and television host (b. 1903)

★ 1983 - Fred Rose, Canadian politician (b. 1907)

★ 1984 - John Hoagland, American photographer (b. 1947)

★ 1985 - Eddie Shore, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1902)

★ 1992 - Yves Rocard, French physicist (b. 1903)

★ 1992 - Roger Lemelin, Quebec novelist and television writer (b. 1919)

★ 1993 - Johnny Cymbal, American singer and producer (b. 1945)

★ 1996 - Charlie Barnett, American actor (b. 1954)

★ 1998 - Derek Harold Richard Barton, British chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1918)

★ 1999 - Gratien Gélinas, Quebec playwright and director (b. 1909)

★ 2000 - Thomas Ferebee, Hiroshima bombardier (b. 1918)

★ 2001 - Norma MacMillan, Canadian actress (b. 1921)

★ 2003 - Rachel Corrie, American political activist (b. 1979)

★ 2003 - Ronald Ferguson, father of Sarah, Duchess of York (b. 1931)

★ 2004 - Vilém Tauský, Czech conductor and composer (b. 1910)

★ 2005 - Todd Bell, American football player (b. 1958)

★ 2005 - Ralph Erskine, British architect (Byker Wall) (b. 1914)

★ 2005 - Anthony George, American TV actor (b. 1921)

★ 2005 - Allan Hendrickse, South African politician (b. 1927)

★ 2005 - Dick Radatz, American baseball player (b. 1937)

★ 2007 - Manjural Islam, Bangladeshi test cricket player (b. 1984)

Holidays and observances

★ Latvia - The controversial Latvian Legion Day

★ St. Urho's Day - the fictional patron saint of Finnish immigrants to the US, created by Richard Mattson in 1956

★ The first day of the Bacchanalia in ancient Rome

Liturgical feasts

★ Abban of Magheranoidhe ^[1]

★ Abban of New Ross

★ Saint Heribert of Cologne (died 1021)

★ Saint Agapitus

★ Saint Benedicta (+1260)

★ Saint Eusebia (+680)

References

1. Holweck, F. G. ''A Biographical Dictionary of the Saints''. St. Louis, MO: B. Herder Book Co. 1924.

External links

★ BBC: On This Day

★

★ On This Day in Canada
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