MANUEL PARDO

'Manuel Pardo y Lavalle' (August 9, 1834 – November 16, 1878) was a Peruvian politician and the first civilian President of the Republic of Peru.
Born in Lima, Peru, he was the founder of the most important political party of the era (Civilista Party). He was elected president by the Peruvian Congress after a failed coup launched by colonel Tomás Gutierrez.
One of the most controversial acts that were committed during his presidency was the signing of a "Mutual Protection Pact" with Bolivia in 1873. The objective of this pact was to protect themselves from what they perceived as "Chilean Imperialism" and a growing desire of Chile for the allied provinces of Tarapaca and Litoral.
On November 16, 1878, Manuel Pardo was assassinated by gunshot.
His son, José Pardo y Barreda, also became President of Peru.

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★ Gootenberg, Paul. Imagining Development: Economic Ideas in Peru's "Fictitious Prosperity" of Guano, 1840-1880. Berkeley, Calif: University of California Press, c1993 1993.