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'Manchester' is the largest city in the U.S. state of New Hampshire and the largest city of northern New England, an area composed of Vermont, New Hampshire and Maine. It is in Hillsborough County on the banks of the Merrimack River. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 107,007, and in 2005 the New Hampshire Office of Energy and Planning estimated the population to be nearly 110,000.^[1] Manchester is the center of the Manchester, NH, ''New England City and Town Metropolitan Area'' (NECTA MA), with a population in 2000 of 176,663^[2], and is near the northern end of the BosWash megalopolis.

Contents

History

Geography

Government

Demographics

Media

Education

High schools

Middle schools

Elementary schools

Post-secondary schools

Culture

Sports

Transportation

Economy

Downtown

Shopping

Notable inhabitants

Trivia

Sister Cities

See also

References

External links

History

Pennacook Indians called the area Amoskeag, meaning "good fishing place" -- a reference to the Amoskeag Falls in the Merrimack River. In 1722, John Goffe settled on land beside Cohas Brook, where several years later he built a dam and sawmill. The community was called Old Harry's Town. In 1735, the Province of Massachusetts Bay granted it as Tyngstown to settlers from Massachusetts. A decade following the separation of New Hampshire from Massachusetts, Governor Benning Wentworth in 1751 chartered the town as 'Derryfield'.
In 1807, Samuel Blodgett opened a canal and lock system to allow vessels passage around the falls. He envisioned here a great industrial center, "the Manchester of America," like the Industrial Revolution's Manchester in England, the first industrialized city in the world. Sure enough, in 1809, Benjamin Prichard and others built a cotton spinning mill operated by water power on the western bank of the Merrimack. Following Blodgett's suggestion, Derryfield was renamed Manchester in 1810, the year the mill was incorporated as the Amoskeag Cotton & Woolen Manufacturing Company.^[3] It would be purchased in 1825 by entrepreneurs from Massachusetts, expanded to 3 mills in 1826, and then incorporated in 1831 as the Amoskeag Manufacturing Company.

On the eastern bank, Amoskeag engineers and architects planned a model company town, founded in 1838 with Elm Street as its main thoroughfare. Incorporated as a city in 1846, Manchester would become home to the largest cotton mill in the world -- Mill No. 11, stretching 900 feet long by 103 feet wide, and containing 4000 looms. Other products made in the community included shoes, cigars and paper. The Amoskeag foundry made rifles, sewing machines, textile machinery, fire engines, and locomotives in a division called the Amoskeag Locomotive Works (later, the Manchester Locomotive Works). The rapid growth of the mills demanded a large influx of workers, resulting in a flood of immigrants, particularly French Canadians. Many current residents descend from these workers. The Amoskeag Manufacturing Company went out of business in 1935, although its red brick mills have been renovated for other uses. Indeed, the mill town's 19th century affluence left behind some of the finest Victorian commercial, municipal and residential architecture in the state.
Manchester is nicknamed the Queen City. More recent nicknames for the city are ManchVegas and ManchHattan. In 1998, Manchester was named the "Number One Small City in the East" by ''Money'' magazine. The Mall of New Hampshire, on Manchester's southern fringe, is the city's main retail center.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 90.4 km² (34.9 mi²). 85.5 km² (33.0 mi²) of it is land and 4.9 km² (1.9 mi²) of it is water, comprising 5.44% of the town. Manchester is drained by the Merrimack River, Piscataquog River and Cohas Brook. Massabesic Lake is on the eastern border. The highest point in Manchester is its extreme northwest corner, where the elevation reaches 560 feet (171 meters) above sea level.

Government

Manchester is incorporated as a city under the laws of the State of New Hampshire, and operates under a strong mayor form of government. The mayor serves as chairman of the fourteen member Board of Mayor and Aldermen, the city's legislative body. Each of Manchester's twelve wards elects a single alderman, and two additional at-large members are elected citywide.
The mayor also serves as the chair of the school committee. Like the board of aldermen, the school board is comprised of twelve members elected by ward and two at-large members.

Demographics

'City of Manchester Population by year [1][2]'

1767 - 230 1773 - 279 1775 - 285 1786 - 338 1790 - 362 1800 - 557 1810 - 615 1820 - 761 1830 - 877 1840 - 3,235 1850 - 13,932 1860 - 20,107 1870 - 23,536 1880 - 32,630 1890 - 44,126 1900 - 56,987 1910 - 70,063 1920 - 78,384 1930 - 76,834 1940 - 77,685 1950 - 82,732 1960 - 88,282 1970 - 87,754 1980 - 90,936 1990 - 99,332 2000 - 107,006 2004 - 109,761 (estimate)

As of the census of 2000, there were 107,006 people, 44,247 households, and 26,105 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,251.6/km² (3,241.4/mi²). There were 45,892 housing units at an average density of 536.8/km² (1,390.2/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 91.75% White (this includes a large Bosnian population) 2.10% African American, 0.30% Native American, 2.32% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 1.76% from other races, and 1.73% from two or more races. 4.62% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Manchester is a national refugee relocation center.
There were 44,247 households out of which 29.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.6% were married couples living together, 11.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.0% were non-families. 31.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 3.00.

In the city the population was spread out with 23.7% under the age of 18, 9.5% from 18 to 24, 33.4% from 25 to 44, 20.5% from 45 to 64, and 12.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 95.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.3 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $40,774, and the median income for a family was $50,039. Males had a median income of $34,287 versus $26,584 for females. The per capita income for the city was $21,244. 10.6% of the population and 7.7% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 14.6% are under the age of 18 and 11.7% are 65 or older.
The city is a refugee resettlement center. More than 10% of the city's population is currently foreign-born.

Media

The city is served by four newspapers: ''New Hampshire Union Leader'' (daily), the ''Manchester Daily Express'' (a daily newspaper published by Hippo Press), ''The Hippo'' (weekly) and the ''Manchester Mirror'' (a weekly produced by the New Hampshire Union Leader).
In addition to several commercial AM and FM radio stations, Manchester is also served by local cable television and one commercial television station:

★ MCAM TV-23, Manchester Community Access Media, a public-access television facility. View programs online at MCAM Producer's Page

★ Manchester Community Television, providing government access (channel 22) and education access (channel 16) channels. MCTV also airs shows created by video students in Video Production at Manchester School of Technology.

★ WMUR-TV, the local ABC television affiliate

★ WZMY-TV, a MyNetworkTV affiliated (formerly independent) television station located in nearby Derry
Manchester is part of the Boston television market, although it has two major stations of its own.

Education

Manchester's public school system is run by the Manchester School District.

High schools

Manchester School District has four public high schools:

★ Manchester High School West (West High School)

★ Manchester High School Central (Central High School)

★ Manchester Memorial High School (Memorial High School)

★ Manchester School of Technology (MST)
Manchester is served by three private high schools:

★ Trinity High School, a private, Roman Catholic high school

★ The Derryfield School, a private school serving sixth through twelfth grades

★ Holy Family Academy, a small Roman Catholic private school serving seventh through twelfth grades

Middle schools

Manchester School District has four public middle schools:

★ Hillside Middle School

★ Henry J. McLaughlin Middle School

★ Middle School at Parkside

★ Southside Middle School

Elementary schools

Manchester School District has fourteen elementary schools:

★ Bakersville Elementary School

★ Beech Street School

★ Gossler Park School

★ Green Acres Elementary School

★ Hallsville Elementary School

★ Highland-Goffe's Falls Elementary School

★ Jewett Street School

★ McDonough Elementary School

★ Northwest Elementary School

★ Parker-Varney School

★ Smyth Road School

★ Webster School

★ Weston School

★ Henry Wilson School

Post-secondary schools

Area institutions of higher education, together enrolling more than 8,000 students, include:

★ University of New Hampshire at Manchester

★ Southern New Hampshire University (mostly located within the adjacent town of Hooksett)

★ New Hampshire Community Technical Colleges

★ Hesser College - Manchester

★ Saint Anselm College (mostly located within the adjacent town of Goffstown)

★ Springfield College School of Human Services

★ Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences

★ North Eastern Institute of Whole Health

★ New Hampshire Institute of Art

Culture

Cultural landmarks include the Palace Theater, home to the New Hampshire Symphony and the Opera League of New Hampshire, the Currier Museum of Art, the New Hampshire Institute of Art, the Manchester Historic Association Millyard Museum, the Massabesic Audubon Center, the Amoskeag Fishways Learning and Visitors Center, the Lawrence L. Lee Scouting Museum and Max I. Silber Library, and the SEE Science Center. Valley Cemetery, since 1841 the resting place of numerous prominent citizens, is an early example of a garden style burial ground.
The Verizon Wireless Arena is a civic center that hosts a variety of events, from sports such as hockey and arena football to concerts and fairs. It opened in November, 2001. [3] The John F. Kennedy Memorial Coliseum is another, smaller venue located in Manchester. It was completed in 1963, and serves as home ice for Manchester Central and Memorial High School hockey teams, and is home of the Southern New Hampshire Skating Club. [4]

Sports

Manchester is home to five professional sports teams:

★ Manchester Wolves, an af2 arena football team.

★ New Hampshire Fisher Cats, an Eastern League baseball team, and the Double A affiliate of the Toronto Blue Jays.

★ Manchester Monarchs, an American Hockey League team affiliated with the L.A. Kings.

★ New Hampshire Phantoms, a USL Soccer team

★ Manchester Millrats, an American Basketball Association team.

Transportation

The city is served by Manchester-Boston Regional Airport, one of the fastest-growing airports in the nation, and fourth largest in New England. It is the secondary airport serving Boston, Massachusetts.
Interstates 93 and 293 and US Highway 3 connect the area to Concord and the White Mountains to the north and Nashua and Boston to the south. NH 101 is a four-lane freeway eastbound from Manchester to Hampton, connecting the city with the southeastern part of the state and the seacoast, as well as Maine and Massachusetts' North Shore via Interstate 95. West of Manchester, NH 101 is a two lane highway serving as the main route to Keene and the Monadnock region.
Public transportation is provided by the Manchester Transit Authority, which runs several bus routes throughout the city and surrounding areas.
Concord Trailways runs commuter services to Boston and other parts of the state. Vermont Transit Lines (affiliated with Greyhound) has lines to Montreal.
With the planned expansion of Interstate 93 to eight lanes from Salem to Manchester, space will be reserved in the median for potential future commuter rail service along this corridor.^[4]

Economy

Manchester is northern New England's largest city, and its metropolitan area is the fastest growing in New England. On top of this, Manchester is one of New England's best places for finding a job. Its economy has changed greatly, as Manchester was a textile mill town just about 20 years ago.

Downtown

Manchester has a thriving downtown area, with more restaurants and stores being established all the time.
City Hall Plaza, northern New England's tallest building, is located in downtown Manchester. Other notable downtown buildings include the New Hampshire headquarters of Citizens Bank and Bank of America.
The Verizon Wireless Arena has become the centerpiece of downtown Manchester. It is a 10,000 seat arena for concerts and sporting events. The Verizon is also home to the Manchester Monarchs, the local AHL affiliate of the Los Angeles Kings. The Merchantsauto.com Stadium (formerly Fisher Cats Park) is a baseball park located on the Merrimack River in downtown Manchester and is home to the local AA baseball affiliate of the Toronto Blue Jays, the New Hampshire Fisher Cats.
The Red Arrow, one of the top 10 diners in the United States , is located downtown.
Recent years have seen an influx of downtown residents buying the historic row houses originally built for Amoskeag Mill workers. Rents spiked as a result, but have largely levelled out in recent years.

Shopping

Manchester has two main retail-oriented areas, downtown Manchester and South Willow Street. The Mall of New Hampshire is located on South Willow Street, and has more than 125 stores.
In recent years there has been increasing redevelopment of the historic Amoskeag Millyard, with many retail stores now located there along both Commercial and Bedford Streets. There are a variety of stores and restaurants to visit.

Notable inhabitants

★ Joseph Carter Abbott, Union general during the American Civil War and a United States Senator from North Carolina

★ Jamie Aube, race car driver

★ Mike Flanagan, baseball player, 1979 AL Cy Young

★ Rene Gagnon, a US Marine who helped raise the flag over Iwo Jima

★ John W. King, governor of New Hampshire, 1963-1969

★ William Loeb, publisher of the ''Manchester Union Leader'' newspaper, 1946-1981

★ Josh Logan, CBS' Rock Star Supernova

★ Hubie McDonough, former professional ice hockey player

★ Grace Metalious, author of ''Peyton Place''

★ Adam Sandler, comedian

★ John Francis Smith, Major League Baseball player (born: John Francis Gammon)

★ General John Stark, Revolutionary War commander

★ Sherman White, former professional football player

Trivia

★ According to a previous edition of the Guinness Book of World Records, Manchester's main street (Elm Street) was reported as the only main street in the United States with two dead-ends.

★ The city is the hometown of fictional President Jed Bartlet and his family on the American television series, ''The West Wing''.

★ Segway and iBOT inventor Dean Kamen's company, DEKA, is based in Manchester.

Sister Cities

★ Nashville, Tennessee, USA

★ Neustadt an der Weinstraße, Germany

★ Hof HaCarmel Region, Israel

See also

★ List of mayors of Manchester, New Hampshire

★ Manchester, England, UK

References

★ ''Manchester: A Brief record of its Past and a Picture of its Present'' (1876) 598pponline
1. "2005 Population Estimates of New Hampshire Cities and Towns", NH Office of Energy and Planning, July 2006
2. "Population in Combined New England City and Town Areas (CNECTAs) and Their Component NECTAs in Alphabetical Order and Numerical and Percent Change: 1990 and 2000", U.S. Census Bureau, December 2003
3. Tamara K. Hareven, ''Amoskeag: Life and Work in an American Factory City''
4. http://www.rebuildingi93.com/content/faq/

External links

★ Manchester, NH Official Website

★

★ Manchester School District Official Website

★ Manchester Historic Association

★ Manchester City Library

★ New Hampshire Economic and Labor Market Information Bureau Profile