 | Johann Sebastian Bach - Mass in B Minor (BWV 232) Johann Sebastian Bach (1685 - 1750). Mass in B Minor (BWV 232): Bach did not give the work a title; instead, in the score the four parts of the Latin Mass are each given their own title page - "Kyrie", "Gloria", "Symbolum Nicenum" (otherwise known as the "Credo"), and "Sanctus, Hosanna, Benedictus, Agnus Dei" - and simply bundled together. Indeed, the different sections call for different numbers and arrangements of performers, giving rise to the theory that Bach did not ever expect the work to be performed in its entirety. On the other hand, the parts in the manuscript are numbered from 1 to 4, and Bach's usual closing formula (S.D.G = Soli Deo Gloria) is only found at the end of the Dona Nobis Pacem. In any case, the Mass presents a powerful and unified musical experience. Due to its length - nearly two hours of music - it was never performed in its entirety as part of a church liturgy. Bach was a committed Lutheran, and to compose a Latin Mass of this magnitude, part of the traditional liturgy of the Roman Catholic Church, is only superficially odd. It must be remembered that the Lutheran Churches of his day frequently retained Latin masses. Martin Luther had admitted the Kyrie, Gloria in Excelsis, Nicene Creed, and Sanctus in the Lutheran revision of the traditional Roman Mass. Bach produced four short masses (comprising these two sections only) for liturgical use. In the Sanctus of Mass in B minor, Bach makes a small but significant change to the standard Catholic liturgical text. Whereas the traditional Catholic Mass has "holy Lord... heaven and earth are full of your glory (gloria tua)", Bach uses the Lutheran variant, "heaven and earth are full of his glory (gloria ejus)". 1. Et incarnatus est. Collegium Vocale. Dir. Philippe Herreweghe. |
 | Monastic Community (Brothers) of Bethlehem...part 2 FOR AN UNINTERRUPTED & HD VERSION of the video in stereo GO TO: http://www.tagtele.com/videos/voir/25055 Monastic (Brothers) of Bethlehem and the Assumption of the Virgin Mary' The 'Monastic Family of Bethlehem and the Assumption of the Virgin Mary' took birth in 1950, following the promulgation of the dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin. The Sisters were founded on France, soon after, and the Brothers in France in 1976. They are 2 geographically distinct Lavras of Hermits,one Congregation men, the other of women, though with similar charism lifestyle and foundation. The life of the Monks is to love Jesus through Mary, and adore the Blessed Trinity in silence and solitude . It is Saint Bruno that the religious confide in to guide them toward the hermit life. The life of the monastic family of Bethlehem is inspired by the model lauras or skites in Egyptian beginnings of Christian monasticism, where the monks lived in solitude through the week and gathered for the Holy Synaxis on Sunday. The monks (and nuns) of Bethlehem pray, work, study, eat and sleep in their cells and hermitages. The monastic day begins with evening vespers celebrated in common in the chapel. Then,the Religious stand Vigil during the night "where they mount a holy and persevering watch, awaiting the return of their Master, in opening when he knocks" (San Bruno). They then go to the oratory for Matins, followed by Lauds and the Eucharist. They are the only two times liturgical celebration lived together daily; the little hours of the divine office are celebrated in their cells. Monday is a Desert day, of complete solitude, except for a simple Celebration of the Holy Eucharist in Common. There offices are greatly inspired by Byzantine-Slav/Middle Eastern traditions as well as the simplicity of Latin Carthusian Chant. Sundays and great Feasts are fraternal, marked by a meal in Common ,and a fraternal walk, and recreation. The worldwide Communities counts 500 Members.(Primarily French speaking) Monasteries of Monks are in France, Italy,Spain and Israel. -------------------- 28 Monasteries of Monastic Sisters in France, Belgium, Italy, Spain, USA, Canada, Austria, Egypt,Israel, Cyprus,Poland, Lithuania, Portugal, Chile, Argentina, and soon in Algeria. |
 | Monastic Community (Brothers) of Bethlehem and The Assumption,pt1 FAMILLE MONASTIQUE DE BETHLEEM, DE L'ASSOMPTION DE LA VIERGE ET DE SAINT BRUNO --------- http://www.bethleem.org/ The 'Monastic Family of Bethlehem and the Assumption of the Virgin Mary' took birth in 1950, following the promulgation of the dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin. The Sisters were founded on France, soon after, and the Brothers in France in 1976. They are 2 geographically distinct Lavras of Hermits,one Congregation men, the other of women, though with similar charism lifestyle and foundation. The life of the Monks is to love Jesus through Mary, and adore the Blessed Trinity in silence and solitude . It is Saint Bruno that the religious confide in to guide them toward the hermit life. The life of the monastic family of Bethlehem is inspired by the model lauras or skites in Egyptian beginnings of Christian monasticism, where the monks lived in solitude through the week and gathered for the Holy Synaxis on Sunday. The monks (and nuns) of Bethlehem pray, work, study, eat and sleep in their cells and hermitages. The monastic day begins with evening vespers celebrated in common in the chapel. Then,the Religious stand Vigil during the night "where they mount a holy and persevering watch, awaiting the return of their Master, in opening when he knocks" (San Bruno). They then go to the oratory for Matins, followed by Lauds and the Eucharist. They are the only two times liturgical celebration lived together daily; the little hours of the divine office are celebrated in their cells. Monday is a Desert day, of complete solitude, except for a simple Celebration of the Holy Eucharist in Common. There offices are greatly inspired by Byzantine-Slav/Middle Eastern traditions as well as the simplicity of Latin Carthusian Chant. Sundays and great Feasts are fraternal, marked by a meal in Common ,and a fraternal walk, and recreation. The worldwide Communities counts 500 Members.(Primarily French speaking) Monasteries of Monks are in France, Italy,Spain and Israel. -------------------- 28 Monasteries of Monastic Sisters in France, Belgium, Italy, Spain, USA, Canada, Austria, Egypt,Israel, Cyprus,Poland, Lithuania, Portugal, Chile, Argentina, and soon in Algeria. |
 | james Castle: Portrait of an Artist This is a trailer for a documentary film about the self taught artist James Castle. James Castle was born deaf in 1899 in central Idaho's remote Garden Valley. He refused to learn to read, write, sign, or finger-spell, but was obsessed from an early age with making art. Since his death in 1977, Castle has gained world recognition as a prominent self-taught artist. James Castle: Portrait of an Artist is an hour-long documentary film that reveals the artist's life and creative process, as told by family members, art historians, curators, artists, collectors, and members of the deaf community. A true case of triumph of the spirit, Castle's inspirational story is one of monumental achievement. Two months premature, Charles James Castle was the sixth of seven children born to Mary Nora Scanlon Castle, a mid-wife, and Francis John Castle, the local postmaster. Growing up in the early 1900s American West, with the "can do" culture and hard work that frontier-life symbolized, Castle exemplified this regional character and pioneering spirit. Though Garden Valley was isolated, the Castle residence was a rustic social center, serving not only as family home, but also as the community's post office and general store. In the mail came publications designed for the pew (The Catholic Sentinel and liturgical calendars), the plow (scores of almanacs and periodicals devoted to animal husbandry, agriculture, and gardening), and the outhouse (Sears and Roebuck catalogues)—a favorite source for drawings and collaged illustrations. Everywhere, the tactile allure of packaging, twine, rope, paper, envelopes, cardboard, heavy cloth, and leather stimulated Castle's imagination. Castle used drawings to examine everything in sight. With a mixture of stove soot and his own saliva on tips of sharpened sticks, he recorded his immediate surroundings—the interior and exterior of his house, the shed, the barn—in drawings with perfect perspective and almost scientific attention to detail. Castle was supported by his family in his zeal to produce, which resulted in works stacked and bundled by the thousands—drawings, books, and constructions that thoroughly captured his singular view of the world. James Castle: Portrait of an Artist features interviews with Castle's nieces, nephews, great-nieces, great-nephews, and cousins; Gooding School Museum curator Jerry Wilding; gallerists Jacqueline Crist, Frank Del Deo, and John Ollman; curators Ann Percy, Sandy Harthorn, and Robert Storr; painters Stephen Westfall and Terry Winters; art historian John Yau; frontier historian Byron Johnson; Castle collector and concert pianist Christian Zacharias; and Idaho singer-songwriter Rosalie Sorrels. The experts describe Castle's personal history, brief education at the Gooding School for the Deaf, and artmaking process, along with a critical assessment of the artist's work. Layered with images of the Boise Basin, vernacular architecture, and the artwork themselves, the film unfolds episodically—revealing a sensitive portrait of Castle: his rustic milieu, his tangible isolation, and his prolific art production. |
 | Universalis for iPhone/iPod Touch Psalms, prayers and readings from the Liturgy of the Hours of the Catholic Church. These are different for each day of the year. The readings at each day's Mass, using the Jerusalem Bible translation authorised for use in churches in many parts of the world including the UK. An "About Today" page, containing information such as a brief life of the saint of the day. The liturgical calendar for the whole year. |
 | The Gift of Giving Lent: a liturgical season of the year. This brickfilm was made for THAC 4, made in 24 hours. BertL and Night Owl contributed to the final product of the movie. |
 | 1. Bach: Mass in B minor (BWV 232) Stereo: http://br.youtube.com/watch?v=uGmdRID5lvc&fmt=18 Johann Sebastian Bach (1685 - 1750). Mass in B minor (BWV 232): I. Gloria. II. Et in terra pax. Freiburg Baroque Orchestra. Dir: Thomas Hengelbrock. Bach did not give the work a title; instead, in the score the four parts of the Latin Mass are each given their own title page — "Kyrie", "Gloria", "Symbolum Nicenum" (otherwise known as the "Credo"), and "Sanctus, Hosanna, Benedictus, Agnus Dei" — and simply bundled together. Indeed, the different sections call for different numbers and arrangements of performers, giving rise to the theory that Bach did not ever expect the work to be performed in its entirety. On the other hand, the parts in the manuscript are numbered from 1 to 4, and Bach's usual closing formula (S.D.G = Soli Deo Gloria) is only found at the end of the Dona Nobis Pacem. Because of its length — nearly two hours of music — it was never performed in its entirety as part of a church liturgy. Although Bach was a committed Lutheran, it is uncertain whether he composed it for the Lutheran liturgy or composed it for the Elector of Saxony who had just been elected king of Poland and therefore had to convert to Catholicism. Bach produced four short masses (comprising these two sections only) for liturgical use. Early in 1733 Augustus II, King of Poland and Elector of Saxony, died. Five months of mourning followed, during which all public music-making was temporarily suspended. Bach used the opportunity to work on the composition of a Missa, a portion of the liturgy sung in Latin and common to both the Lutheran and Roman Catholic rites. His aim was to dedicate the work to the new sovereign Augustus III, a Catholic, and by doing so to hope to improve his own standing. On its completion, Bach visited Augustus and presented him with a copy of the Missa, together with a petition to be given a court title. The petition did not meet with immediate success, but Bach did eventually get his title: he was made court composer to Augustus in 1736. The Missa was first performed in 1733 during the festival of the Oath of Allegiance to Augustus III. It consisted of settings of the Kyrie and Gloria that now comprise the first part of the Mass in B Minor. At what point Bach decided to expand the Missa into a full-blown setting of the Catholic Mass is not known. Some researchers believe that the Symbolum Nicenum (or the Credo) was composed between 1742 and 1745, but others think it predates the Missa and was first heard in 1732. The remaining parts (Sanctus, Osanna, Benedictus and Agnus Dei et Dona nobis pacem) were all added in the late 1740s. |
 | 4. Bach: Mass in B minor (BWV 232) Stereo: http://br.youtube.com/watch?v=JpdjeTfc5Ms&fmt=18 Johann Sebastian Bach (1685 - 1750). Mass in B minor (BWV 232): V. Dona nobis pacem. Freiburg Baroque Orchestra. Dir: Thomas Hengelbrock. Bach did not give the work a title; instead, in the score the four parts of the Latin Mass are each given their own title page — "Kyrie", "Gloria", "Symbolum Nicenum" (otherwise known as the "Credo"), and "Sanctus, Hosanna, Benedictus, Agnus Dei" — and simply bundled together. Indeed, the different sections call for different numbers and arrangements of performers, giving rise to the theory that Bach did not ever expect the work to be performed in its entirety. On the other hand, the parts in the manuscript are numbered from 1 to 4, and Bach's usual closing formula (S.D.G = Soli Deo Gloria) is only found at the end of the Dona Nobis Pacem. Because of its length — nearly two hours of music — it was never performed in its entirety as part of a church liturgy. Although Bach was a committed Lutheran, it is uncertain whether he composed it for the Lutheran liturgy or composed it for the Elector of Saxony who had just been elected king of Poland and therefore had to convert to Catholicism. Bach produced four short masses (comprising these two sections only) for liturgical use. Early in 1733 Augustus II, King of Poland and Elector of Saxony, died. Five months of mourning followed, during which all public music-making was temporarily suspended. Bach used the opportunity to work on the composition of a Missa, a portion of the liturgy sung in Latin and common to both the Lutheran and Roman Catholic rites. His aim was to dedicate the work to the new sovereign Augustus III, a Catholic, and by doing so to hope to improve his own standing. On its completion, Bach visited Augustus and presented him with a copy of the Missa, together with a petition to be given a court title. The petition did not meet with immediate success, but Bach did eventually get his title: he was made court composer to Augustus in 1736. The Missa was first performed in 1733 during the festival of the Oath of Allegiance to Augustus III. It consisted of settings of the Kyrie and Gloria that now comprise the first part of the Mass in B Minor. At what point Bach decided to expand the Missa into a full-blown setting of the Catholic Mass is not known. Some researchers believe that the Symbolum Nicenum (or the Credo) was composed between 1742 and 1745, but others think it predates the Missa and was first heard in 1732. The remaining parts (Sanctus, Osanna, Benedictus and Agnus Dei et Dona nobis pacem) were all added in the late 1740s. |
 | 3. Bach: Mass in B minor (BWV 232) Stereo: http://br.youtube.com/watch?v=AbjVxng4qwc&fmt=18 Johann Sebastian Bach (1685 - 1750). Mass in B minor (BWV 232): IV. Agnus Dei. Freiburg Baroque Orchestra. Bernhard Landauer (Countertenor). Dir: Thomas Hengelbrock. Bach did not give the work a title; instead, in the score the four parts of the Latin Mass are each given their own title page — "Kyrie", "Gloria", "Symbolum Nicenum" (otherwise known as the "Credo"), and "Sanctus, Hosanna, Benedictus, Agnus Dei" — and simply bundled together. Indeed, the different sections call for different numbers and arrangements of performers, giving rise to the theory that Bach did not ever expect the work to be performed in its entirety. On the other hand, the parts in the manuscript are numbered from 1 to 4, and Bach's usual closing formula (S.D.G = Soli Deo Gloria) is only found at the end of the Dona Nobis Pacem. Because of its length — nearly two hours of music — it was never performed in its entirety as part of a church liturgy. Although Bach was a committed Lutheran, it is uncertain whether he composed it for the Lutheran liturgy or composed it for the Elector of Saxony who had just been elected king of Poland and therefore had to convert to Catholicism. Bach produced four short masses (comprising these two sections only) for liturgical use. Early in 1733 Augustus II, King of Poland and Elector of Saxony, died. Five months of mourning followed, during which all public music-making was temporarily suspended. Bach used the opportunity to work on the composition of a Missa, a portion of the liturgy sung in Latin and common to both the Lutheran and Roman Catholic rites. His aim was to dedicate the work to the new sovereign Augustus III, a Catholic, and by doing so to hope to improve his own standing. On its completion, Bach visited Augustus and presented him with a copy of the Missa, together with a petition to be given a court title. The petition did not meet with immediate success, but Bach did eventually get his title: he was made court composer to Augustus in 1736. The Missa was first performed in 1733 during the festival of the Oath of Allegiance to Augustus III. It consisted of settings of the Kyrie and Gloria that now comprise the first part of the Mass in B Minor. At what point Bach decided to expand the Missa into a full-blown setting of the Catholic Mass is not known. Some researchers believe that the Symbolum Nicenum (or the Credo) was composed between 1742 and 1745, but others think it predates the Missa and was first heard in 1732. The remaining parts (Sanctus, Osanna, Benedictus and Agnus Dei et Dona nobis pacem) were all added in the late 1740s. |
 | 2. Bach: Mass in B minor (BWV 232) Stereo: http://br.youtube.com/watch?v=n5NbffRk3WA&fmt=18 Johann Sebastian Bach (1685 - 1750). Mass in B minor (BWV 232): III. Qui tollis peccata mundi. Freiburg Baroque Orchestra. Dir: Thomas Hengelbrock. Bach did not give the work a title; instead, in the score the four parts of the Latin Mass are each given their own title page — "Kyrie", "Gloria", "Symbolum Nicenum" (otherwise known as the "Credo"), and "Sanctus, Hosanna, Benedictus, Agnus Dei" — and simply bundled together. Indeed, the different sections call for different numbers and arrangements of performers, giving rise to the theory that Bach did not ever expect the work to be performed in its entirety. On the other hand, the parts in the manuscript are numbered from 1 to 4, and Bach's usual closing formula (S.D.G = Soli Deo Gloria) is only found at the end of the Dona Nobis Pacem. Because of its length — nearly two hours of music — it was never performed in its entirety as part of a church liturgy. Although Bach was a committed Lutheran, it is uncertain whether he composed it for the Lutheran liturgy or composed it for the Elector of Saxony who had just been elected king of Poland and therefore had to convert to Catholicism. Bach produced four short masses (comprising these two sections only) for liturgical use. Early in 1733 Augustus II, King of Poland and Elector of Saxony, died. Five months of mourning followed, during which all public music-making was temporarily suspended. Bach used the opportunity to work on the composition of a Missa, a portion of the liturgy sung in Latin and common to both the Lutheran and Roman Catholic rites. His aim was to dedicate the work to the new sovereign Augustus III, a Catholic, and by doing so to hope to improve his own standing. On its completion, Bach visited Augustus and presented him with a copy of the Missa, together with a petition to be given a court title. The petition did not meet with immediate success, but Bach did eventually get his title: he was made court composer to Augustus in 1736. The Missa was first performed in 1733 during the festival of the Oath of Allegiance to Augustus III. It consisted of settings of the Kyrie and Gloria that now comprise the first part of the Mass in B Minor. At what point Bach decided to expand the Missa into a full-blown setting of the Catholic Mass is not known. Some researchers believe that the Symbolum Nicenum (or the Credo) was composed between 1742 and 1745, but others think it predates the Missa and was first heard in 1732. The remaining parts (Sanctus, Osanna, Benedictus and Agnus Dei et Dona nobis pacem) were all added in the late 1740s. |
 | Bethany Lutheran: Part 1 2008 Maundy Thursday Ishpeming, MI Part 1 of the March 20, 2008 Maundy Thursday Service & Communion at the Bethany Lutheran Church in Ishpeming, Michigan. Officiating are Rev. Warren Geier, pastor of Bethany Lutheran Church and Vicar Luke Smetters, the Bethany Lutheran Church Pastoral Intern For more information contact Bethany Lutheran Church at 486-4351 Bethany Lutheran Church website: http://www.bethanyishpeming.org Bethany Lutheran Church 715 Mather Avenue Ishpeming, MI 49849 906-486-4351 (church offices) 906-486-9640 (Fax) bethanyim@hotmail.com Worship Calendar: http://www.bethanyishpeming.org/calendar.html Bethany is three blocks north of US Highway 41. Go north on Hickory Street up the hill past Wesley United Methodist Church, to Mather. The church parking lot has entrances on both Hickory and Mather Google Directions: http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&geocode=&q=715+Mather+Avenue,+Ishpeming+Michigan&sll=46.48862,-87.66934&sspn=0.127407,0.268822&ie=UTF8&z=16&iwloc=addr&om=1 --- Stripping of the Altar --- http://books.google.com/books?id=BinVUNIdOgAC&pg=PA319&lpg=PA319&dq=stripping+of+altar+lutheran&source=web&ots=2u6dlYNbbu&sig=QrRqLc6mRfFcPwn99-xdG_Z5NQ4&hl=en http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Thursday In the Christian liturgical calendar, Maundy Thursday also known as Holy Thursday is the feast or holy day falling on the Thursday before Easter that commemorates the Last Supper of Jesus Christ with the Apostles. It is the fifth day of Holy Week, and is preceded by Holy Wednesday and followed by Good Friday. On this day four events are commemorated: the washing of the Disciples' Feet by Jesus Christ, the institution of the Mystery of the Holy Eucharist at the Last Supper, the agony of Christ in the Garden of Gethsemane, and the betrayal of Christ by Judas Iscariot. The celebration of these events marks the beginning of what is called the Easter Triduum or Sacred Triduum. The Latin word triduum means a three-day period, and the triduum in question is that of the three days from the death to the resurrection of Jesus. It should be noted that for Jesus and his followers a day ended, and a new day began, at sunset, not at midnight, as it still does today in the modern Jewish calendar. The Last Supper was held at what present-day Western civilization considers to be the evening of Holy Thursday but what was then considered to be the first hours of Friday. Its annual commemoration thus begins the three-day period or triduum of Good Friday, Holy Saturday and Easter Sunday, days of special devotion that celebrate as a single action the death and resurrection of Christ, the central events of Christianity. "Maundy Thursday" is the name for this day in England. It is therefore the usual name also in English-speaking Protestant Churches that originated in that country and even in some that originated in Scotland, although the Scottish Book of Common Prayer uses the name "Holy Thursday". Other English-speaking Protestant Churches, such as the Lutheran, use both "Maundy Thursday" and "Holy Thursday". Among Roman Catholics, except in England, the usual English name for the day is "Holy Thursday", in line with the name used in major Romance Languages. The word Maundy is derived through Middle English, and Old French mandé, from the Latin mandatum, the first word of the phrase "Mandatum novum do vobis ut diligatis invicem sicut dilexi vos" "A new commandment I give unto you, That ye love one another; as I have loved you" is the statement by Jesus in the Gospel of John (13:34) by which Jesus explained to the Apostles the significance of his action of washing their feet. The washing of the feet may be held during Mass or at another time as a separate event, during which a priest or bishop (representing Christ) ceremonially washes the feet of others, typically 12 persons chosen as a cross-section of the community. The Washing of the Feet is a traditional component of the celebration in many Christian Churches and is becoming increasingly popular as a part of the Maundy Thursday liturgy in the Anglican/Episcopal,Lutheran, Methodist Churches and other Protestant denominations. In the Roman Catholic Church, the mass is followed by a procession taking the Blessed Sacrament to the Altar of Repose, and then by stripping of all altars except the Altar of Repose. In other Christian denominations, such as the Lutheran Church or Methodist Church, the stripping of the altar and other items on the chancel also occurs, as a preparation for the somber Good Friday service. The Gloria is sung for the only time during Lent. Traditionally, the church's bells are rung during the Gloria and are then silent until Holy Saturday. Related links: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutheranism http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01349a.htm http://www.wf-f.org/02-1-Mauriac.html http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12533a.htm |
 | Bethany Lutheran: Part 2 2008 Eucharist, Stripping of Altar Part 2 of the March 20, 2008 Holy Eucharist with Stripping of the Altar on Maundy Thursday at the Bethany Lutheran Church in Ishpeming, Michigan Officiating are Rev. Warren Geier, pastor of Bethany Lutheran Church and Vicar Luke Smetters, the Bethany Lutheran Church Pastoral Intern For more information contact Bethany Lutheran Church at 486-4351 Bethany Lutheran Church Ishpeming, Michigan Maundy Thursday, March 20, 2008 Service & Communion Bethany Lutheran Church website: http://www.bethanyishpeming.org Bethany Lutheran Church 715 Mather Avenue Ishpeming, MI 49849 906-486-4351 (church offices) 906-486-9640 (Fax) bethanyim@hotmail.com Worship Calendar: http://www.bethanyishpeming.org/calendar.html Sermons: http://www.bethanyishpeming.org/calendar.html Bethany is three blocks north of US Highway 41. Go north on Hickory Street up the hill past Wesley United Methodist Church, to Mather. The church parking lot has entrances on both Hickory and Mather Google Directions: http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&geocode=&q=715+Mather+Avenue,+Ishpeming+Michigan&sll=46.48862,-87.66934&sspn=0.127407,0.268822&ie=UTF8&z=16&iwloc=addr&om=1 --- Pictorial of the Stripping of the Altar --- http://books.google.com/books?id=BinVUNIdOgAC&pg=PA319&lpg=PA319&dq=stripping+of+altar+lutheran&source=web&ots=2u6dlYNbbu&sig=QrRqLc6mRfFcPwn99-xdG_Z5NQ4&hl=en http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Thursday In the Christian liturgical calendar, Maundy Thursday also known as Holy Thursday is the feast or holy day falling on the Thursday before Easter that commemorates the Last Supper of Jesus Christ with the Apostles. It is the fifth day of Holy Week, and is preceded by Holy Wednesday and followed by Good Friday. On this day four events are commemorated: the washing of the Disciples' Feet by Jesus Christ, the institution of the Mystery of the Holy Eucharist at the Last Supper, the agony of Christ in the Garden of Gethsemane, and the betrayal of Christ by Judas Iscariot. The celebration of these events marks the beginning of what is called the Easter Triduum or Sacred Triduum. The Latin word triduum means a three-day period, and the triduum in question is that of the three days from the death to the resurrection of Jesus. It should be noted that for Jesus and his followers a day ended, and a new day began, at sunset, not at midnight, as it still does today in the modern Jewish calendar. The Last Supper was held at what present-day Western civilization considers to be the evening of Holy Thursday but what was then considered to be the first hours of Friday. Its annual commemoration thus begins the three-day period or triduum of Good Friday, Holy Saturday and Easter Sunday, days of special devotion that celebrate as a single action the death and resurrection of Christ, the central events of Christianity. "Maundy Thursday" is the name for this day in England. "A new commandment I give unto you, That ye love one another; as I have loved you"), the statement by Jesus in the Gospel of John (13:34) by which Jesus explained to the Apostles the significance of his action of washing their feet. The phrase is used as the antiphon sung during the "Mandatum" ceremony of the washing of the feet, which may be held during Mass or at another time as a separate event, during which a priest or bishop (representing Christ) ceremonially washes the feet of others, typically 12 persons chosen as a cross-section of the community. The Washing of the Feet is a traditional component of the celebration in many Christian Churches. In the Roman Catholic Church, the mass is followed by a procession taking the Blessed Sacrament to the Altar of Repose, and then by stripping of all altars except the Altar of Repose. In other Christian denominations, such as the Lutheran Church or Methodist Church, the stripping of the altar and other items on the chancel also occurs, as a preparation for the somber Good Friday service. The Gloria is sung for the only time during Lent. Traditionally, the church's bells are rung during the Gloria and are then silent until Holy Saturday. |
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