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LIST OF OFFICIAL LANGUAGES

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Contents
Official languages of supra-national institutions
Ranking of languages by number of sovereign countries in which they are official
Official languages of subnational entities
See also

Official languages of supra-national institutions


See List of official languages by institution.
==Official languages of sovereign countries==
There are approximately 110 languages in this category.
:

'Afrikaans':

South Africa (with English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swati, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)
'Albanian':

Republic of Albania

Republic of Macedonia
'Amharic':

Ethiopia
'Arabic':

Algeria

Bahrain

Chad (with French)

Comoros (with French and Comorian)

Djibouti (with French)

Egypt

Eritrea (with Tigrignan)

Iraq (with Kurdish)

Israel (with Hebrew)

Jordan

Kuwait

Lebanon

Libya

Mauritania

Morocco

Oman

★ ''Palestinian Authority''

Qatar

Saudi Arabia

Somalia (with Somali)

Sudan

Syria

Tunisia

United Arab Emirates

★ ''Western Sahara''

Yemen
'Armenian':

Armenia
'Assamese':

India (with 22 other official languages)


Assam
'Aymara':

Bolivia (with Spanish and Quechua)

Peru (with Spanish and Quechua)
'Azeri':

Azerbaijan

'Belarusian':

Belarus (with Russian)
'Bengali':

Bangladesh

India (with 22 other official languages)


Tripura


West Bengal
'Bislama':

Vanuatu [1]
'Bosnian':

Bosnia and Herzegovina (with Croatian, Serbian)
'Bulgarian':

Bulgaria
'Burmese':

Myanmar

'Catalan':

Andorra

★ Part of Spain (with Spanish)
'Chinese' (see also List of Chinese dialects):

People's Republic of China (for most areas, Mandarin is spoken, Simplified Chinese is written)


Hong Kong (Cantonese is spoken ''de facto'' , Traditional Chinese is written; co-official with English)


Macau (Cantonese is spoken ''de facto'' , Traditional Chinese is written; co-official with Portuguese)

Republic of China (Taiwan) (Mandarin Chinese, Min Nan (Ban lam) and Hakka is spoken, Traditional Chinese is written)

Singapore (Simplified Chinese is written.) (With English, Malay and Tamil)
'Croatian'

★ some municipalities in Austria (with German)

Bosnia and Herzegovina (with Bosnian, Serbian)

Croatia

★ part of Serbia


Vojvodina (with Serbian, Hungarian, Romanian, Slovak and Ruthenian)
'Czech':

Czech Republic

'Danish'

Denmark


Faroe Islands (with Faroese)


Greenland (with Kalaallisut)
'Dari':

Afghanistan (with Pashto)
'Dhivehi':

Maldives
'Dutch':

Belgium (with French and German)

★ The Netherlands (with Frisian)

Suriname
'Dzongkha':

Bhutan

'English' (see also List of countries where English is an official language):

Antigua and Barbuda

Australia

Bahamas

Barbados

Belize

Botswana (but the national language is Tswana)

Canada (federally, with French)


New Brunswick (with French)


Nova Scotia (with French)


Nunavut (with French, Inuktitut, and Inuvialuktun)


Northwest Territories (with Chipewyan, Cree, Dogrib, French, Gwichʼin, Inuktitut, and Slavey)


Yukon (with French)

Cameroon (with French)

Dominica (with French creole)

Fiji (with Bau Fijian and Hindustani)

★ part of the People's Republic of China


Hong Kong (with Chinese)

The Gambia

Ghana

Grenada (with French creole)

Guyana

India (with 22 other official languages)

Republic of Ireland (with Irish)

Jamaica

Kenya (with Kiswahili)

Kiribati

Lesotho (with Sotho)

Liberia

Malawi (with Chichewa)

Malaysia (with Malay)

Malta (with Maltese)

Mauritius (with French)

Micronesia

Namibia

New Zealand (with Māori and New Zealand Sign Language)

Nigeria

Pakistan (with Urdu as the national language)

Palau (with Palauan and Japanese)

Papua New Guinea (with Tok Pisin and Motu)

Philippines (but the national language is Filipino)

Rwanda (with French and Kinyarwanda)

St. Kitts and Nevis

St. Lucia (with French creole)

St. Vincent and the Grenadines (with French creole)

Samoa (with Samoan)

Seychelles (with Creole, French)

Sierra Leone

Singapore (with Chinese, Malay, Tamil)

Solomon Islands

South Africa (with Afrikaans, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swati, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)

Swaziland (with Swati)

Tonga

Trinidad and Tobago

Tuvalu

Uganda (with Swahili since 2005)

United Kingdom

Vanuatu (with Bislama and French)

Zambia

Zimbabwe
'Estonian':

Estonia

'Fijian'

Fiji (with English and Hindustani)
'Filipino':

Philippines (with English)
'Finnish':

Finland (with Swedish)
'French' (see also List of countries where French is an official language):

Belgium (with Dutch and German)

Benin

Burkina Faso

Burundi (with Kirundi)

Cameroon (with English)

Canada (with English)


New Brunswick (with English)


Nova Scotia (with English)


Quebec


Nunavut (with English, Inuktitut, and Inuvialuktun)


Northwest Territories (with Chipewyan, Cree, Dogrib, English, Gwichʼin, Inuktitut, and Slavey)


Yukon (with English)

Central African Republic

Chad (with Ara)

Comoros (with Arabic and Comorian)

Congo-Brazzaville

Congo-Kinshasa

Côte d'Ivoire

Djibouti (with Arabic)

Dominica (with English)

Equatorial Guinea (with Spanish)

France


French Guyana


French Polynesia


French Loyalty Islands


French Southern and Antarctic Lands


Scattered islands in the Indian Ocean


Guadeloupe


Martinique


Mayotte


New Caledonia


Réunion


Saint Barthélemy


Saint Martin


Saint Pierre et Miquelon


Wallis and Futuna


★ (Adelie land)


★ (Clipperton Island)

Gabon

Grenada (with English)

Guernsey (with English)

Guinea

Haiti (with Haitian Creole)

★ part of Italy


★ the Aosta Valley (with Italian)

Jersey (with English)

Luxembourg (with German and Luxembourgish)

Madagascar (with Malagasy)

Mali

Mauritius

Monaco

Niger

Rwanda (with English and Kinyarwanda)

Senegal

Seychelles (with English)

Saint Lucia (with English)

Switzerland (with German, Italian, and Rhaeto-Romansch)


Geneva


Vaud


Jura


Neuchâtel


Fribourg, Bern, Valais (with German)

Togo

Vanuatu (with Bislama and English)
'Frisian':

★ The Netherlands (with Dutch)

'Georgian':

Georgia
'German':

Austria

Belgium (with Dutch and French)

Germany

Liechtenstein

Luxembourg (with French and Luxembourgish)

Italy


★ Province of Bolzano-Bozen (together with Italian and Ladin)

Switzerland (with French, Italian, and Rhaeto-Romansch)


★ 17 of the 26 cantons (monolingually German)


Graubünden (with Italian and Romansh)


Bern, Fribourg, Valais (with French)
'Greek':

Greece

Cyprus (with Turkish)
'Guaraní'

Paraguay (with Spanish)
'Gujarati':

India (with 22 other official languages)


Dadra and Nagar Haveli


Daman and Diu


Gujarat

'Haitian Creole':

Haiti (with French)
'Hebrew':

Israel (with Arabic)
'Hindi'

India (with 22 other official languages)

Fiji (with English and Bau Fijian; known constitutionally as ''Hindustani'' as an umbrella term to cover Urdu, as well as Hindi.)
'Hiri Motu':

Papua New Guinea (with English and Tok Pisin)
'Hungarian':

Hungary

★ part of Slovenia

★ part of Serbia


Vojvodina (with Croatian, Serbian, Romanian, Slovak and Ruthenian)

'Icelandic':

Iceland
'Indonesian':

Indonesia
'Irish Gaelic' is the national and first official language of:

Ireland (with English)
'Italian':

Italy

Switzerland (with German and French)


Ticino


Graubünden (with German and Rhaeto-Romansh)

San Marino

Vatican City

★ part of Croatia


Istria county (with Croatian)

★ part of Slovenia


Izola, Koper and Piran municipalities (with Slovene)

'Japanese':

Japan (de facto)

★ Part of Palau


Angaur (with Angaur and English)

'Kannada':

India (with 22 other official languages)


Karnataka
'Kashmiri':

India (with 22 other official languages)


Jammu and Kashmir
'Kazakh':

Kazakhstan (with Russian)

★ part of the People's Republic of China


Ili, with Chinese (Mandarin)


Barkol, with Chinese (Mandarin)


Mori, with Chinese (Mandarin)
'Khmer':

Cambodia
'Korean':

North Korea

South Korea

★ part of the People's Republic of China


Changbai and Yanbian, with Chinese (Mandarin)
'Kurdish':

Iraq (with Arabic)
'Kyrgyz':

Kyrgyzstan (with Russian)

★ part of the People's Republic of China


Kizilsu (with Chinese (Mandarin))

'Lao':

Laos
'Latin':

Vatican City
'Latvian':

Latvia
'Lithuanian':

Lithuania
'Luxembourgish':

Luxembourg (with French and German)

'Macedonian':

Republic of Macedonia

Republic of Albania
'Malagasy':

Madagascar (with French)
'Malay':

Malaysia

Brunei

Singapore

Indonesia ([Indonesian] is Malay language with different name and a bit different word (vocabulary) choice in daily use)
'Malayalam':

India (with 22 other official languages)


Kerala


Pondicherry


Lakshadweep
'Maltese':

Malta (with English)


Kunsill Nazzjonali ta' l-Ilsien Malti


Akkademja tal-Malti
'Māori':

New Zealand (with English and New Zealand Sign Language)
'Marathi':

India (with 22 other official languages)


Maharashtra
'Moldovan' ''(asserted by Moldova state representatives to be distinct from Romanian; most linguists remain skeptical):''

Moldova
'Mongolian'

Mongolia

★ part of the People's Republic of China


Inner Mongolia, with Chinese (Mandarin)


Haixi, with Tibetan and Chinese (Mandarin)


Bortala, with Chinese (Mandarin)


Bayin'gholin, with Chinese (Mandarin)


Dorbod, with Chinese (Mandarin)


Qian Gorlos, with Chinese (Mandarin)


Harqin Left, with Chinese (Mandarin)


Fuxin, with Chinese (Mandarin)


Weichang, with Chinese (Mandarin)


Subei, with Chinese (Mandarin)


Henan, with Chinese (Mandarin)

'Ndebele':

South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swati, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)
'Nepali':

Nepal
'New Zealand Sign Language':

New Zealand (alongside Māori and English)
'Northern Sotho':

South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Sotho, Swati, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)
'Norwegian':

Norway (two official written forms - ''Bokmål'' and ''Nynorsk'')

'Oriya':

India (with 22 other official languages)


Orissa

'Pashto':

Afghanistan (with Dari)
'Persian':

Iran

Afghanistan (called Dari-Persian in Afghanistan) (with Pashto)

Tajikistan (called Tajiki-Persian in Tajikistan)
'Polish':

Poland
'Portuguese':

Angola

Brazil

Cape Verde

East Timor (with Tetum)

Equatorial Guinea (since July 13, 2007)

Guinea-Bissau

★ part of the People's Republic of China


Macau (with Chinese)

Mozambique

Portugal

São Tomé and Príncipe
'Punjabi':

India (with 22 other official languages)


Punjab


Delhi

'Quechua'

Bolivia (with Spanish and Aymara)

Peru (with Spanish and Aymara)

'Romanian':

Moldova ''(officially named Moldovan, but disputed by most professional linguist; called Romanian in the everyday life as well as schools)''

Romania

★ part of Serbia


Vojvodina (with Croatian, Serbian, Hungarian, Slovak and Ruthenian)
'Rhaeto-Romansh':

Switzerland (with German, French, and Italian)


Graubünden (with German and Italian)
'Russian':

Russia (with regional sub-dialects)

Belarus (with Belarusian)

Kazakhstan (with Kazakh)

Kyrgyzstan (with Kyrgyz)

'Sanskrit':

India (with 22 other official languages)
'Serbian':

Bosnia and Herzegovina (with Bosnian, Croatian)

Serbia

Montenegro
'Sindhi':

India (with 22 other official languages)
'Sinhala':

Sri Lanka (with Tamil, and with English as a link language)
'Slovak'

Slovakia

★ part of Serbia


Vojvodina (with Croatian, Serbian, Hungarian, Romanian and Ruthenian)
'Slovene':

Slovenia

★ part of Italy


Friuli-Venezia Giulia (with Italian)

★ part of Austria


Carinthia (with German)
'Somali':

Somalia
'Sotho':

Lesotho (with English)

South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Swati, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)
'Spanish':

Argentina

Bolivia (with Aymara and Quechua)

Ceuta

Chile

Colombia

Costa Rica

Cuba

Dominican Republic

Eastern Island

Ecuador

El Salvador

Equatorial Guinea (with French)

Guatemala

Honduras

Melilla

Mexico

Nicaragua

Panama

Paraguay (with Guaraní)

Peru (with Quechua)

Puerto Rico

Spain (Aranese, Basque, Catalan and Galician are co-official in some regions)

Uruguay

Venezuela

Western Sahara
'Swahili':

Kenya (with English)

Tanzania (de facto)

Uganda (since 2005; with English)
'Swati':

Swaziland (with English)

South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)
'Swedish':

Sweden (de facto)

Finland (with Finnish)


Åland (monolingually Swedish) (an autonomous province under Finnish sovereignty)

'Tajik':

Tajikistan

★ part of the People's Republic of China


Taxkorgan (with Chinese (Mandarin))
'Tamil':

India (with 22 other official languages)


Pondicherry


Tamil Nadu

Singapore (with English, Chinese and Malay)

Sri Lanka (with Sinhala, and with English as a link language)
'Telugu':

India (with 22 other official languages)


Andhra Pradesh


Pondicherry
'Tetum':

East Timor (with Portuguese)
'Thai':

Thailand
'Tok Pisin':

Papua New Guinea (with English and Motu)
'Tsonga':

South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swati, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)
'Tswana':

Botswana (with English)

South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swati, Tsonga, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)
'Turkish':

Turkey

Cyprus (with Greek)
'Turkmen':

Turkmenistan

'Ukrainian':

Ukraine
'Urdu':

India (with 22 other official languages)


Jammu and Kashmir


Delhi


Uttar Pradesh

Pakistan (with English, Pothowari, Punjabi, Kashmiri (Koshur), Pashto, Sindhi, Siraiki, Balochi and Brahui)

Fiji (with Englishand Bau Fijian; known constitutionally as ''Hindustani'' as an umbrella term to cover Urdu, as well as Hindi.)
'Uzbek':

Uzbekistan

'Venda':

South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swati, Tsonga, Tswana, Xhosa, Zulu)
'Vietnamese':

Vietnam
'Welsh':

United Kingdom (Wales) (with English)


'Xhosa':

South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swati, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Zulu)


'Zulu':

South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swati, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa)

Ranking of languages by number of sovereign countries in which they are official



In Africa:
  • 21 countries: French
  • 19 countries: English
  • 12 countries: Arabic
  • 5 countries: Portuguese
  • 3 countries: Swahili
  • 2 countries: Spanish, Sotho, Swati, Tswana
  • 1 country: numerous languages

    In the Americas:
  • 20 countries: Spanish
  • 14 countries: English
  • 2 countries: Aymara, French, Quechua
  • 1 country: Portuguese (among numerous minor languages)

    In Asia:
  • 12 countries: Arabic
  • 4 countries: English
  • 3 countries: Malay,
    Persian,
    Tamil
  • 2 countries: Bengali, Chinese,
    Korean, Russian,
    Urdu
  • 1 country: numerous languages

    In Europe:
  • 6 countries: German
  • 5 countries: French
  • 4 countries: Italian
  • 3 countries: English, Serbian
  • 2 countries: Spanish, Albanian,
    Croatian, Dutch,
    Greek, Romanian,
    Russian,
    Swedish, Turkish
  • 1 country: numerous languages

    In Oceania:

    • 12 countries: English
    • 1 country: numerous languages

    By number of continents:

    • All 5 continents:

      • English (Africa: 19 countries; The Americas: 14 countries; Oceania: 12 countries; Asia: 4 countries; Europe: 3 countries)

    • 4 continents:

      • French (Africa: 21 countries; Europe: 5 countries; The Americas: 2 countries; Oceania: 1 country)
      • Portuguese (Africa: 5 countries; The Americas: 1 country; Europe: 1 country; Asia: 1 country)

    • 3 continents:

      • Spanish (The Americas: 20 countries; Europe: 2 countries; Africa: 2 countries)

    • 2 continents:

      • Arabic (Africa: 12 countries; Asia: 12 countries)
      • Russian (Europe: 2 countries; Asia: 2 countries)
      • Dutch (Europe: 2 countries; The Americas: 1 country)
      • Urdu (Asia: 2 countries; Oceania: 1 country)
      • Hindi (Asia: 1 country; Oceania: 1 country)
      • Japanese (Asia: 1 country; Oceania: 1 country)

    • 1 continent: numerous other languages, of which German (6 countries) and Italian (4 countries) spoken in the most countries

    Official languages of subnational entities


    'Albanian':

    Kosovo (with Serbian and English; Turkish is official in the Prizren District only).
    'Aranese' ''see 'Occitan'''
    'Armenian:

    Nagorno Karabagh
    'Basque':

    Basque Country (with Spanish)

    Navarre (with Spanish)
    'Cantonese Chinese':

    Hong Kong (for Chinese language, both Cantonese and Mandarin are spoken ''de facto''; co-official with English)

    Macao (for Chinese language, both Cantonese and Mandarin are spoken ''de facto''; co-official with Portuguese)
    'Catalan':

    ★ parts of Spain


    Balearic Islands (with Spanish)


    Catalonia (with Spanish)


    Valencia (named as Valencian, with Spanish)
    'Chipewyan':

    Northwest Territories (with Cree, English, French, Gwich'in, Innuinaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))
    'Cree':

    Northwest Territories (with Chipewyan, English, French, Gwich'in, Innuinaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))
    'Dogrib|Tłįchǫ':

    Northwest Territories (with Cree, Chipewyan, English, French, Gwich'in, Innuinaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, and South Slavey)
    'English':

    ★ parts of the United States. The USA Federal Government can not declare an official language by federal law, since the United States is comprised of sovereign states. The official language is decided by a majority of the states whose official languages are declared; English is the first language by custom and majority. See ''English-only movement''. English is an official language in the following states and territories:


    Alabama


    Alaska


    Arkansas


    California


    Colorado


    Florida


    Georgia


    Hawaii (with Hawaiian language)


    Illinois


    Indiana


    Iowa


    Kentucky


    Louisiana (with French)


    Massachusetts


    Mississippi


    Missouri


    Montana


    Nebraska


    New Hampshire


    New Mexico (with Spanish)


    North Carolina


    North Dakota


    Puerto Rico (with Spanish)


    South Carolina


    South Dakota


    Texas


    Tennessee


    U.S. Virgin Islands


    Utah


    Virginia


    West Virginia


    Wyoming
    'Faroese':

    Faroe Islands (with Danish)
    'French':

    Louisiana (co-official with English in the state of Louisiana)

    Pondicherry (co-official with Tamil in the Union Territory of Pondicherry. Also Telugu and Malayalam are its regional official languages)
    'Galician':

    ★ part of Spain


    Galicia (with Spanish)
    'Gwich'in':

    Northwest Territories (with Cree, Chipewyan, English, French, Innuinaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))
    'Hawaiian':

    Hawai'i (co-official with English in the state of Hawai'i)
    'Innuiauqtun':
    (with Cree, Chipewyan, English, French, Gwich'in, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))'
    'Inuktitut':

    Greenland (with Danish)

    Nunavut (with English, French, and Inuvialuktun)

    Northwest Territories (with Cree, Chipewyan, English, French, Gwich'in, Innuinaqtun, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))
    'Inuvialuktun':

    Nunavut (with English, French, and Inuktitut)

    Northwest Territories (with Cree, Chipewyan, English, French, Gwich'in, Innuinaqtun, Inuktitut, North Slavey, South Slavey and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))
    'Mazandarani':

    Iran


    Mazandaran
    'Occitan (Aranese)':

    Val d'Aran (with Catalan and Spanish)
    'Rusyn':

    Vojvodina (with Croatian, Serbian, Romanian, Hungarian, Slovak)
    'Sami':

    Finland (in four municipalities)

    Norway (in six municipalities)

    Sweden (in four municipalities and surrounding municipalities)
    'North and South Slavey':

    Northwest Territories (with Cree, Chipewyan, English, French, Gwich'in, Innuinaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))
    'Spanish':

    United States (co-official with English in New Mexico)

    Puerto Rico (with English)
    'Tahitian':

    French Polynesia (with French)
    'Tibetan':

    Tibet Autonomous Region (with Chinese (Mandarin))

    Aba (with Chinese (Mandarin))

    Garzê (with Chinese (Mandarin))

    Diqing (with Chinese (Mandarin))

    Wenshan (with Chinese (Mandarin))

    Gannan (with Chinese (Mandarin))

    Haibai (with Chinese (Mandarin))

    Hainan (with Chinese (Mandarin))

    Huangnan (with Chinese (Mandarin))

    Golog (with Chinese (Mandarin))

    Gyêgu (with Chinese (Mandarin))

    Haixi (with Mongolian and Chinese (Mandarin))

    Muli (with Chinese (Mandarin))

    Tianzhu (with Chinese (Mandarin))
    'Tswana':

    South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swati, Tsonga, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)
    'Uyghur':

    Xinjiang (with Chinese (Mandarin))
    'Vietnamese':

    Việt Nam

    ★ Part of Australia

    ★ Part of Cambodia

    ★ Part of Canada

    ★ Part of China

    ★ Part of Franc

    ★ Part of Laos

    ★ Part of Philippines

    ★ Part of United States
    'Yiddish':

    ★ Part of Russia


    Jewish Autonomous Oblast
    'Zhuang':

    Guangxi (with Chinese (Mandarin))

    Lianshan (with Chinese (Mandarin))
    A map of official languages: (note: source is CIA World Factbook. Countries that include several official languages only use one, often to avoid adding languages to the chart unnecessarily, preventing confusion. In showing ''de facto'' as well as ''de jure'' official languages, the map employs a looser definition of "official language" than that used in this article.)
    Official Languages Maps

    See also



    Official language

    National language

    List of official languages by institution

    List of official languages by state

    List of countries and capitals in native languages

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