s. Some states have
s where the head of government role is fulfilled by both the listed head of government and the head of state.
| State | Government | Head of State | Head of Government |
|---|
| presidential republic | President Hamid Karzai |
| parliamentary republic | President Bamir Topi | Prime Minister Sali Berisha |
| semi-presidential republic | President Abdelaziz Bouteflika | Prime Minister Abdelaziz Belkhadem |
| parliamentary monarchy | Co-Prince Joan Enric Vives Sicília, represented by Nemesi Marqués Oste and Co-Prince Nicolas Sarkozy, represented by Philippe Massoni | Head of Government Albert Pintat |
| presidential republic | President José Eduardo dos Santos | Prime Minister Fernando da Piedade Dias dos Santos |
| parliamentary monarchy[1] | Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Louise Lake-Tack | Prime Minister Baldwin Spencer |
| presidential republic | President Néstor Kirchner |
| presidential republic | President Robert Kocharian | Prime Minister Serzh Sargsyan |
| parliamentary monarchy | Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Michael Jeffery | Prime Minister John Howard |
| parliamentary republic | President Heinz Fischer | Chancellor Alfred Gusenbauer |
| presidential republic | President İlham Aliyev | Prime Minister Artur Rasizade |
| Bahamas, The | parliamentary monarchy | Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Arthur Dion Hanna | Prime Minister Hubert Ingraham |
| semi-constitutional monarchy | King Hamad ibn Isa Al Khalifah | Prime Minister Khalifah ibn Sulman Al Khalifah |
| parliamentary republic | President Iajuddin Ahmed | Chief Adviser Fakhruddin Ahmed |
| parliamentary monarchy | Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Clifford Husbands | Prime Minister Owen Arthur |
| presidential republic | President Aleksandr Lukashenko | Prime Minister Sergey Sidorsky |
| parliamentary monarchy | King Albert II | Prime Minister Guy Verhofstadt |
| parliamentary monarchy | Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Colville Young | Prime Minister Said Musa |
| presidential republic | President Yayi Boni |
| constitutional monarchy | King Jigme Khesar Namgyal Wangchuck | Prime Minister Kinzang Dorji |
| presidential republic | President Evo Morales |
| federal parliamentary representative democratic republic | 'Tripartite presidency':[2] Chairman of the Presidency Željko Komšić, Nebojša Radmanović, Haris Silajdžić | Prime Minister Nikola Špirić |
| presidential republic | President Festus Mogae |
| presidential republic | President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva |
| absolute monarchy | Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah |
| parliamentary republic | President Georgi Parvanov | Prime Minister Sergey Stanishev |
| presidential republic | President Blaise Compaoré | Prime Minister Tertius Zongo |
| presidential republic | President Pierre Nkurunziza |
| parliamentary monarchy | King Norodom Sihamoni | Prime Minister Hun Sen |
| presidential republic | President Paul Biya | Prime Minister Ephraïm Inoni |
| parliamentary monarchy | Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor General Michaëlle Jean | Prime Minister Stephen Harper |
| semi-presidential republic | President Pedro Pires | Prime Minister José Maria Neves |
| presidential republic | President François Bozizé | Prime Minister Élie Doté |
| presidential republic | President Idriss Déby | Prime Minister Delwa Kassiré Koumakoye |
| presidential republic | President Michelle Bachelet |
| China, People's Republic of | socialist republic[3] | President Hu Jintao | Premier Wen Jiabao |
| China, Republic of (Taiwan) | semi-presidential republic | President Chen Shui-bian | Premier Chang Chun-hsiung |
| presidential republic | President Álvaro Uribe |
| presidential republic | President Ahmed Abdallah Sambi |
| Congo, Democratic Republic of the | semi-presidential republic | President Joseph Kabila | Prime Minister Antoine Gizenga |
| Congo, Republic of the | presidential republic | President Denis Sassou-Nguesso |
| presidential republic | President Óscar Arias |
| presidential republic | President Laurent Gbagbo | Prime Minister Guillaume Soro |
| parliamentary republic | President Stjepan Mesić | Prime Minister Ivo Sanader |
| socialist republic | President Fidel Castro (away from office) Raúl Castro (acting for Fidel) |
| presidential republic | President Tassos Papadopoulos |
| parliamentary republic | President Václav Klaus | Prime Minister Mirek Topolánek |
| parliamentary monarchy | Queen Margrethe II | Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen |
| presidential republic | President Ismail Omar Guelleh | Prime Minister Dileita Mohamed Dileita |
| parliamentary republic | President Nicholas Liverpool | Prime Minister Roosevelt Skerrit |
| presidential republic | President Leonel Fernández |
| parliamentary republic | President José Ramos Horta | Prime Minister Xanana Gusmão |
| presidential republic | President Rafael Correa |
| presidential republic | President Hosni Mubarak | Prime Minister Ahmed Nazif |
| presidential republic | President Antonio Saca |
| presidential republic | President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo | Prime Minister Ricardo Mangue Obama Nfubea |
| parliamentary republic | President Isaias Afewerki |
| parliamentary republic | President Toomas Hendrik Ilves | Prime Minister Andrus Ansip |
| parliamentary republic | President Girma Wolde-Giorgis | Prime Minister Meles Zenawi |
| ''de jure'' parliamentary republic | President Josefa Iloilo | Prime Minister Frank Bainimarama |
| semi-presidential republic | President Tarja Halonen | Prime Minister Matti Vanhanen |
| semi-presidential republic | President Nicolas Sarkozy | Prime Minister François Fillon |
| presidential republic | President Omar Bongo | Prime Minister Jean Eyeghe Ndong |
| Gambia, The | presidential republic | President Yahya Jammeh |
| presidential republic | President Mikhail Saakashvili | Prime Minister Zurab Noghaideli |
| parliamentary republic | President Horst Köhler | Chancellor Angela Merkel |
| presidential republic | President John Kufuor |
| parliamentary republic | President Karolos Papoulias | Prime Minister Kostas Karamanlis |
| parliamentary monarchy | Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Daniel Williams | Prime Minister Keith Mitchell |
| presidential republic | President Óscar Berger |
| presidential republic | President Lansana Conté | Prime Minister Lansana Kouyaté |
| presidential republic | President João Bernardo Vieira | Prime Minister Martinho Ndafa Kabi |
| presidential republic | President Bharrat Jagdeo | Prime Minister Sam Hinds |
| presidential republic | President René Préval | Prime Minister Jacques-Édouard Alexis |
| presidential republic | President Manuel Zelaya |
| parliamentary republic | President László Sólyom | Prime Minister Ferenc Gyurcsány |
| parliamentary republic | President Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson | Prime Minister Geir Haarde |
| parliamentary republic | President Pratibha Patil | Prime Minister Manmohan Singh |
| presidential republic | President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono |
| presidential republic under theocratic tutelage | Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei; President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad |
| parliamentary republic | President Jalal Talabani | Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki |
| Ireland | parliamentary republic | President Mary McAleese | Taoiseach (Prime Minister) Bertie Ahern |
| parliamentary republic | President Shimon Peres | Prime Minister Ehud Olmert |
| parliamentary republic | President Giorgio Napolitano | Prime Minister Romano Prodi |
| parliamentary monarchy | Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Kenneth O. Hall | Prime Minister Portia Simpson Miller |
| parliamentary monarchy | Emperor Akihito[4] | Prime Minister Shinzo Abe |
| semi-constitutional monarchy | King Abdullah II | Prime Minister Marouf al-Bakhit |
| presidential republic | President Nursultan Nazarbayev | Prime Minister Karim Masimov |
| presidential republic | President Mwai Kibaki |
| presidential republic | President Anote Tong |
| Korea, North | socialist republic | Eternal President[5] (the late) Kim Il-sung;
Chairman of the National Defence Commission Kim Jong-il (regarded as "highest administrative authority");
Head of State for Foreign Affairs as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly Kim Yong-nam | Premier Kim Yong-il |
| Korea, South | presidential republic | President Roh Moo Hyun | Prime Minister of South Korea Han Duck-soo |
| semi-constitutional monarchy | Emir Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah | Prime Minister Nasser Al-Mohammed Al-Ahmed Al-Sabah |
| presidential republic | President Kurmanbek Bakiyev | Prime Minister Almazbek Atambayev |
| socialist republic | President Choummaly Sayasone | Prime Minister Bouasone Bouphavanh |
| parliamentary republic | President Valdis Zatlers | Prime Minister Aigars Kalvītis |
| semi-presidential confessional republic | President Émile Lahoud | Prime Minister Fouad Siniora |
| parliamentary monarchy | King Letsie III | Prime Minister Pakalitha Mosisili |
| presidential republic | President Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf |
| people's republic | President Zentani Muhammad az-Zentani (official head of state); Leader of the Revolution Muammar al-Gaddafi (''de facto'' head of state) | Prime Minister Baghdadi Mahmudi |
| semi-constitutional monarchy | Sovereign Prince Hans-Adam II;
Prince-Regent Alois | Head of Government Otmar Hasler |
| parliamentary republic | President Valdas Adamkus | Prime Minister Gediminas Kirkilas |
| parliamentary monarchy | Grand Duke Henri | Prime Minister Jean-Claude Juncker |
| Macedonia, Republic of | semi-presidential republic | President Branko Crvenkovski | Prime Minister Nikola Gruevski |
| presidential republic | President Marc Ravalomanana | Prime Minister Charles Rabemananjara |
| presidential republic | President Bingu wa Mutharika |
| constitutional monarchy | Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King) Mizan Zainal Abidin | Prime Minister Dato' Seri Abdullah Ahmad Badawi |
| presidential republic | President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom |
| presidential republic | President Amadou Toumani Touré | Prime Minister Ousmane Issoufi Maïga |
| parliamentary republic | President Edward Fenech Adami | Prime Minister Lawrence Gonzi |
| presidential republic | President Kessai Note |
| parliamentary republic | President Sidi Ould Cheikh Abdallahi | Prime Minister Zeine Ould Zeidane |
| parliamentary republic | President Anerood Jugnauth | Prime Minister Navin Ramgoolam |
| presidential republic | President Felipe Calderón |
| presidential republic | President Manny Mori |
| semi-presidential republic | President Vladimir Voronin | Prime Minister Vasile Tarlev |
| constitutional monarchy | Sovereign Prince Albert II | Minister of State Jean-Paul Proust |
| semi-presidential republic | President Nambaryn Enkhbayar | Prime Minister Miyeegombo Enkhbold |
| parliamentary republic | President Filip Vujanović | Prime Minister Željko Šturanović |
| semi-constitutional monarchy | King Muhammad VI | Prime Minister Driss Jettou |
| presidential republic | President Armando Guebuza |
| military junta without representative institutions | Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council Than Shwe | Prime Minister Soe Win
Acting Prime Minister Thein Sein |
| presidential republic | President Hifikepunye Pohamba |
| parliamentary republic | President Ludwig Scotty |
| interim government | King Gyanendra (suspended); acting head of state Girija Prasad Koirala | Prime Minister Girija Prasad Koirala |
| parliamentary monarchy | Queen Beatrix | Prime Minister Jan Peter Balkenende |
| parliamentary monarchy | Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General of New Zealand Anand Satyanand | Prime Minister Helen Clark |
| presidential republic | President Daniel Ortega |
| presidential republic | President Tandja Mamadou | Prime Minister Seyni Oumarou |
| presidential republic | President Umaru Yar'Adua |
| parliamentary monarchy | King Harald V | Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg |
| absolute monarchy | Sultan Qaboos |
| presidential republic | President Pervez Musharraf | Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz |
| presidential republic | President Tommy Remengesau |
| Palestine | semi-presidential republic | President Mahmoud Abbas[6] | Prime Minister Salam Fayyad |
| presidential republic | President Martín Torrijos |
| parliamentary monarchy | Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Paulias Matane | Prime Minister Michael Somare |
| presidential republic | President Nicanor Duarte |
| presidential republic | President Alan García | Prime Minister Jorge del Castillo |
| presidential republic | President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo |
| parliamentary republic | President Lech Kaczyński | Prime Minister Jarosław Kaczyński |
| parliamentary republic | President Aníbal Cavaco Silva | Prime Minister José Sócrates |
| absolute monarchy | Emir Hamad ibn Khalifa Al Thani | Prime Minister Hamad ibn Jaber Al Thani |
| semi-presidential republic | President Traian Băsescu | Prime Minister Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu |
| semi-presidential republic | President Vladimir Putin | Prime Minister Mikhail Fradkov |
| presidential republic | President Paul Kagame | Prime Minister Bernard Makuza |
| parliamentary republic | President Mohamed Abdelaziz | Prime Minister Abdelkader Taleb Oumar |
| parliamentary monarchy | Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Cuthbert Sebastian | Prime Minister Denzil Douglas |
| parliamentary monarchy | Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Pearlette Louisy | Prime Minister Stephenson King |
| parliamentary monarchy | Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Frederick Ballantyne | Prime Minister Ralph Gonsalves |
| parliamentary republic | O le Ao o le Malo (President) Tupuola Tufuga Efi | Prime Minister Tuila'epa Sailele Malielegaoi |
| parliamentary republic | Captain-Regent Alessandro Mancini and Captain-Regent Alessandro Rossi |
| semi-presidential republic | President Fradique de Menezes | Prime Minister Tomé Vera Cruz |
| absolute monarchy | King Abdullah |
| presidential republic | President Abdoulaye Wade | Prime Minister Cheikh Hadjibou Soumaré |
| semi-presidential republic | President Boris Tadić | Prime Minister Vojislav Koštunica |
| presidential republic | President James Michel |
| presidential republic | President Ahmad Tejan Kabbah |
| parliamentary republic | President Sellapan Ramanathan | Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong |
| parliamentary republic | President Ivan Gašparovič | Prime Minister Robert Fico |
| parliamentary republic | President Janez Drnovšek | Prime Minister Janez Janša |
| parliamentary monarchy | Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Nathaniel Waena | Prime Minister Manasseh Sogavare |
| ''de jure'' semi-presidential state | President Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed | Prime Minister Ali Muhammad Ghedi |
| presidential republic | President Thabo Mbeki |
| parliamentary monarchy | King Juan Carlos I | President of the Government José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero |
| semi-presidential republic | President Mahinda Rajapakse |
| presidential republic | President Omar Hassan Ahmad al-Bashir |
| presidential republic | President Ronald Venetiaan |
| absolute monarchy | King Mswati III | Prime Minister Themba Dlamini |
| parliamentary monarchy | King Carl XVI Gustaf | Prime Minister Fredrik Reinfeldt |
| parliamentary republic | 'Swiss Federal Council[7]': Moritz Leuenberger, Pascal Couchepin (Vice-President of the Confederation), Samuel Schmid, Micheline Calmy-Rey (President of the Confederation |
| presidential republic | President Bashar al-Assad | Prime Minister Muhammad Naji al-Otari |
| presidential republic | President Emomalii Rahmon | Prime Minister Oqil Oqilov |
| presidential republic | President Jakaya Kikwete |
| constitutional monarchy | King Bhumibol Adulyadej | Prime Minister Surayud Chulanont |
| presidential republic | President Faure Gnassingbé | Prime Minister Yawovi Agboyibo |
| parliamentary monarchy | King George Tupou V | Prime Minister Feleti Sevele |
| parliamentary republic | President George Maxwell Richards | Prime Minister Patrick Manning |
| presidential republic | President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali | Prime Minister Mohamed Ghannouchi |
| parliamentary republic | President Abdullah Gül | Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan |
| presidential republic | President Gurbanguly Berdimuhammedow |
| parliamentary monarchy | Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Filoimea Telito | Prime Minister Apisai Ielemia |
| presidential republic | President Yoweri Museveni |
| semi-presidential republic | President Viktor Yushchenko | Prime Minister Viktor Yanukovych |
| semi-constitutional monarchy | President Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahayan | Prime Minister Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum |
| parliamentary monarchy | Queen Elizabeth II | Prime Minister Gordon Brown |
| presidential republic | President George W. Bush |
| presidential republic | President Tabaré Vázquez |
| presidential republic | President Islom Karimov |
| parliamentary republic | President Kalkot Mataskelekele | Prime Minister Ham Lini |
| elective monarchy | Sovereign of the State Benedict XVI | Governor Giovanni Lajolo |
| presidential republic | President Hugo Chávez |
| socialist republic | President Nguyễn Minh Triết | Prime Minister Nguyễn Tấn Dũng |
| presidential republic | President Ali Abdullah Saleh | Prime Minister Ali Muhammad Mujawar |
| presidential republic | President Levy Mwanawasa |
| presidential republic | President Robert Mugabe |
. The degree of control these
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