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LIST OF COMMUNITY TOPICS


Main articles: community

This 'List of community topics' is intended to be a comprehensive listing of topics, categories and other resources related to 'community' in the broadest sense possible.

Contents
Community types
Ideational or abstract community types
Geographic and physical community types
Classification
Types of communities
Other types
Types of cooperatives
Community development
Community concepts, movements and schools of thought
Academic subjects
Concepts and principles
Terms
Virtual community
Community institutions
Actual communities
Online communities
Other community topics
Other uses of the term "community"
Resources
Books and authors
Authors
External links
Journals and publications
Organizations and projects
Academic articles
Other

Community types


Community, the human community:

World community, the global aspects of community from the perspective of governance and the humanities

International community, the global aspects of community from the perspective of governance and the humanities

Global village, the global aspects of community from the perspective of telecommunications
Ideational or abstract community types


Business community, the total body of business people its relationships and interactions

Religious community, the total body of religious people its relationships and interactions

Scientific community, the total body of scientists, its relationships and interactions

Epistemic community, those who accept one version of a story

Discourse Community, used in linguistics to describe the users of a particular style of language

Moral community, a group of people drawn together by a common interest in living according to a particular moral philosophy

Voluntary association, a group of individuals who voluntarily enter into an agreement to accomplish a purpose

Cooperative, a group of persons who join together (co-operate) to carry on an economic activity of mutual benefit
Geographic and physical community types

:'
''Human geography, who people are and where they live''

European Community, founded on March 25, 1957 by the signing of the Treaty of Rome

Community council, tier of local government in Wales and Scotland

Autonomous communities of Spain, Spain's fifty provinces are grouped into seventeen autonomous communities

Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium

Local community, a town, city, neighborhood, rural area, or any locale and everyone in it

Unincorporated community, a geographic area having a common social identity

Residential community, a community, usually a small town or city, that is composed mostly of residents

Intentional Community, a planned residential community, usually of people that share personal and cultural values.


Cohousing communities, a type of intentional community composed of private homes centered around a common house and other common facilities.


Ecovillage, a type of intentional community formed with social, economic, and ecological sustainability as its goal.


Commune (intentional community), a type of intentional community where most resources are shared and there is little or no personal property (as opposed to communities that only share housing)


Monastery, a community of usually monks practicing a religious discipline


Convent, a community of clergy particularly in the Roman Catholic Church and, to a lesser degree, in the Anglican Church

Classification


Types of communities

':'
''Community of...''

Action, a group of people organized to support a cause or bring about social change

Circumstance, a group of people bound together because of circumstances usually beyond their control

Interest, a group of people who share a common interest or passion

Place, a group of people bound together because of ''where'' they spend a continuous portion of their time

Position, a group of people who share a particular station in life (such as teenage years, marriage, parenthood, etc.)

Practice, a group of people who choose to collaborate over an extended period to share ideas, find solutions, and build innovations.

Purpose, a group of people who are going through the same process or are trying to achieve a similar objective
''see Group (sociology)''
Other types


Affinity group, is a small group of activists (usually from 3-20) who work together on direct action

Intentional community, a planned residential community with a much higher degree of social interaction than other communities

Learning community, a cohort-based, interdisciplinary approach to higher education covering distinct fields of study

Virtual community, ''See Vitual community section below''

Web community
Types of cooperatives

'Cooperatives:'

Housing cooperative, a legal entity that owns real estate, usually one or more residential buildings

Retailers' cooperative, a network of retailers which employs economies of scale to get discounts from manufacturers and to pool marketing

Consumers' cooperative, a type of cooperative which employs economies of scale to get discounts from distributors

Utility cooperative, a public utility such as electric, water or telecommunications owned by its members

Worker cooperative, a type of business entity owned in part or exclusively by its workers

Community development


Community development refers to efforts to improve communities:

Community organizing, a process by which people are brought together to act in common self-interest

Community building often refers to the more informal (or intangible) aspects of community development

Community economic development refers to efforts to improve the material aspects of local communities

Community practice, a type of social work practice that focuses on community level interventions

Community service, service (voluntary or compulsory) that a person performs for the benefit of his or her local community

Community concepts, movements and schools of thought



Sense of community, a look from the psychological perspective at how and why communities form and why people join them

Scientific Community Metaphor, an approach in computer science to understanding and performing scientific communities

Community politics, a movement in British politics to re-engage people with political action on a local level

Imagined communities, a concept that nations are socially constructed by the imaginations of people

Collectivist and Individualist cultures, a look at the differences between collectivism and individualism

Internationalism (politics), a political movement which advocates cooperation between nations for the benefit of all

World Brotherhood Colonies, an idea for spiritual-based communities begun by Paramahansa Yogananda in 1932
Academic subjects


Community studies, an academic discipine, drawing on sociology and anthropology with emphasis on ethnography (participant observation)

Community practice social work, a branch of the applied field of social work, which focuses on community level interventions, such as community organizing, community development, policy advocacy and policy analysis.

Community psychology, the use of the principles of psychology to understand how communities work (or fail to work)

Computational sociology, a recently developed branch of sociology that uses computation to analyze social phenomena

Cultural anthropology, a field of anthropology comprising the holistic study of humanity

Internet studies, an emerging field of academia dealing with the interaction between the Internet and modern society

Organizational Development, a branch of Sociology that deals with how and why people organize themselves

Philosophy of social science, the scholarly elucidation and debate of accounts of the nature of the social sciences

Rural sociology, a field of sociology associated with the study of life in small towns and the country.

Social geography, how society affects geographical features and how environmental factors affect society.

Social philosophy, the philosophical study of interesting questions about social behavior (typically, of humans).

Social sciences, groups of academic disciplines that study the human aspects of the world using scientific methods

Sociocultural evolution, theories of cultural evolution and social evolution, describing how cultures and societies have developed over time

Urban planning, the discipline which deals with the development of metropolitan areas, municipalities and neighbourhoods
Concepts and principles


Communitarianism, a group of related but distinct philosophies advocating phenomena such as civil society

Consensus decision-making, inclusive decision-making processes that accommodate even the minority

Meritocracy, a form of government based on rule by ability (merit) rather than by wealth or other determinants of social position.

Interpersonal relationship, a connection, affiliation or association between two or more people

Social capital, a concept with a variety of inter-related definitions, based on the economic value of social networks

Communitas, a Latin noun for the spirit of community having significance in cultural anthropology and the social sciences.

Community television, television stations that are owned and operated by communities rather than governments or corporations

Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft, terms introduced by German sociologist Ferdinand Tönnies to distinguish community from society

Group dynamics, the field of study within the social sciences that focuses on the nature of groups

Small-group communication, communication in a context that mixes interpersonal communication interactions with social clustering

Socialization, the process by which people learn to adopt the behavior patterns of the community in which they live

Collectivism, a school of thought, antithetical to Individualism, in which the collective takes precedence over the individual

Organizational learning, an area of knowledge that looks at how an organization learns and adapts
Terms


Affinity (sociology), in terms of sociology, refers to "kinship of spirit", interest and other interpersonal commonalities

Cenobitic, a monastic tradition that stresses community life as opposed to eremitic — like a hermit.

Collective, a group of people who share common interests, working together to achieve a common objective

Consanguinity, the quality of being descended from the same ancestor as another person

Emergence, complex pattern formation from simpler rules

Group (sociology), a collection of people who share characteristics, interact and have a common identity

Liminality, a period of transition related to initiation, rite of passage or other entry into a group

Meeting, two or more people coming together to have discussions or produce a predetermined output, often in a formalized way

Organization, a formal group of people with one or more shared goals

Plenary session, the part of a meeting when all members of all parties are in attendance

Solidarity (sociology), the feeling or condition of unity based on common goals, interests, and sympathies among a group's members

Virtual community


''
Main articles: Virtual community

''Virtual community, a group of people communicating with each other by means of information technologies:''

Bulletin board system

Chat room, an online site in which people can chat online (talk by broadcasting messages to people on the same site in real time)

Computer-mediated communication

Discourse community

Electronic mailing list, a special usage of e-mail that allows for widespread distribution of information to many Internet users

Internet activism

Internet forum

Internet social network

Massively distributed collaboration

Motivations for Contributing to Online Communities

Massively Multiplayer Online Role-playing Games

Network of practice

Online deliberation

Online wedding

Social network

Social evolutionary computation

The Virtual Community

Usenet, a distributed Internet discussion system that evolved from a general purpose UUCP network of the same name

Virtual Community of Practice

Virtual Ethnography

Virtual reality

Web community

Web of trust

Wireless community projects, the development of interlinked computer networks

World Wide Web, a global, read-write information space
''See also ''

Community institutions



Community college, an educational institution providing post-secondary education

Community foundations, institutions that pool donations into coordinated investments for grants

Community (trade union), a trade union in the UK

Community Bank, a locally owned and operated financial institution

Actual communities


':'
''Lists of communities, co-ops, etc.:''

List of intentional communities

List of ecovillages

List of cooperatives
''Lists of virtual communities:''

Benchmark virtual communities

Additional virtual community listings
''The world community:''
'''Note to dialup users:' the following lists are massive''

List of countries, a comprehensive list of countries of the world

List of subnational entities, a comprehensive list of subnational entities, (states, provinces, communities, etc)
Online communities


★ '''Craigslist:''' a centralized network of online urban communities, featuring free classified advertisements (with jobs, housing, personals, for sale/barter/wanted, services, community, gigs and resumes categories) and forums sorted by various topics

★ '''The WELL''' or The Whole Earth 'Lectronic Link is one of the oldest ongoing virtual communities. It is best known for the authors, technologists and journalists who congregate there, and for the deep sense of community and continuity provided by its Internet forums. The discussion topics on the WELL range from the deeply serious to the generally silly, depending on the nature and interests of the participants.

Other community topics



Global Ecovillage Network, a global association of people and communities (ecovillages) dedicated to living "sustainable plus" lives

Communication, the process of sending information to oneself or another entity, usually via a language

Gathering place, a phenomenal natural location crucial to culture and civilization

Community Boards, a community-based mediation program, established in 1976, in San Francisco, California, USA

Community garden, small plots of land allocated to groups of people by some organization for collective gardening

WELL, ('W'hole 'E'arth 'L'ectronic 'L'ink or The WELL) - one of the oldest virtual communities still online.

The Farm (Tennessee), a spiritual intentional community in Summertown, Tennessee, known informally as a hippie commune

A-Welcome-To-All We Invite You, an activist ecovillage in Olympia, Washington

Other uses of the term "community"


Main articles: Community (disambiguation)


CommUnity, an esoteric programming language

★ '', a tribute album (music recording)

Biological community, all the interacting organisms living together in a specific habitat

Resources


These sources and references are being gleened from the articles listed above. If you know of any others, internal or external please add them.
Books and authors

Many of these books and authors are (or will soon be) covered in existing Wikipedia articles:

★ '' by Robert D. Putnam and Lewis M. Feldstein

★ '' by Robert D. Putnam (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000), ISBN 0-7432-0304-6

★ '' by Diana Leafe Christian. New Society Publishers ( 2003). ISBN 0-86571-471-1

★ ''Economy and Society'' by Max Weber

★ ''Sociology of Community'' by Max Weber

★ ''Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft'' by Ferdinand Tönnies (1887)

★ '' by M. Scott Peck

★ ''The Forms of Capital'' by Pierre Bourdieu

★ ''The Great Good Place (Oldenburg)'' by Ray Oldenburg (New York: Paragon Books, 1989) ISBN 1-56924-681-5

★ ''The Idea of Community, Social Policy and Self'' by Kevin Loughran (Belfast: APJ Publications, 2003) ISBN 0-9543623-0-6
Authors

This is just a flat list of authors who write about community topics:
Jean Lave, Etienne Wenger, John Seely Brown, Paul Duguid, Pierre Rosanvallon, Jacques Fournier, Jacques Attali, Louis Wirth, William Foote Whyte, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, ...
External links

'Library of Congress:'

LoC - Researchers Reference tools and services


LoC - Prints and Photographs Reading Room
Journals and publications


UK Commission for Rural Communities - publications

Community Development Journal (Oxford)

USDA Rural Development - Publications

Journal of Community Psychology

Journal of Rural Community Psychology

Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology
Organizations and projects


The Citizen's Handbook

Fellowship for Intentional Community

Global Ecovillage Network

BetterTogether.org

Social Capital in Tampa Bay (University of South Florida)

Ray Oldenburg's Project for Public Spaces (PPS)

Community Toolbox
Academic articles


Crime and Violence in Rural Communities

Community - a review of the theory (Infed.org)

Community Psychology: In Pursuit of Well-Being and Liberation

Psychological Sense of Community: Theory of McMillan & Chavis (1986)

★ — First Monday article by Ilkka Tuomi (2000)

★ ...

Is There Such a Thing as Community?: Kevin Loughran (2007)
Other


Community Economic Development Institute (Cape Breton University)

Smart Communities Blog

Community Development Ideas

★ ...

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