Main articles: community
This 'List of community topics' is intended to be a comprehensive listing of topics, categories and other resources related to '
community' in the broadest sense possible.
Community types
Community, the human community:
★
World community, the global aspects of community from the perspective of governance and the humanities
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International community, the global aspects of community from the perspective of governance and the humanities
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Global village, the global aspects of community from the perspective of telecommunications
Ideational or abstract community types
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Business community, the total body of
business people its relationships and interactions
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Religious community, the total body of
religious people its relationships and interactions
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Scientific community, the total body of scientists, its relationships and interactions
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Epistemic community, those who accept one version of a story
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Discourse Community, used in linguistics to describe the users of a particular style of language
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Moral community, a group of people drawn together by a common interest in living according to a particular moral philosophy
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Voluntary association, a group of individuals who voluntarily enter into an agreement to accomplish a purpose
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Cooperative, a group of persons who join together (co-operate) to carry on an economic activity of mutual benefit
Geographic and physical community types
:'
''
Human geography, who people are and where they live''
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European Community, founded on March 25, 1957 by the signing of the Treaty of Rome
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Community council, tier of local government in Wales and Scotland
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Autonomous communities of Spain, Spain's fifty provinces are grouped into seventeen autonomous communities
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Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium
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Local community, a
town,
city,
neighborhood,
rural area, or any
locale and everyone in it
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Unincorporated community, a geographic area having a common social identity
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Residential community, a community, usually a small town or city, that is composed mostly of residents
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Intentional Community, a planned
residential community, usually of people that share
personal and cultural values.
★
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Cohousing communities, a type of intentional community composed of private homes centered around a common house and other common facilities.
★
★
Ecovillage, a type of intentional community formed with
social,
economic, and
ecological sustainability as its goal.
★
★
Commune (intentional community), a type of intentional community where most resources are shared and there is little or no personal property (as opposed to communities that only share housing)
★
★
Monastery, a community of usually
monks practicing a religious discipline
★
★
Convent, a community of
clergy particularly in the
Roman Catholic Church and, to a lesser degree, in the
Anglican Church
Classification
Types of communities
':'
''
Community of...''
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Action, a group of people organized to support a
cause or bring about
social change
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Circumstance, a group of people bound together because of
circumstances usually beyond their control
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Interest, a group of people who share a common
interest or passion
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Place, a group of people bound together because of ''
where'' they spend a continuous portion of their time
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Position, a group of people who share a particular station in life (such as teenage years, marriage, parenthood, etc.)
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Practice, a group of people who choose to
collaborate over an extended period to share ideas, find solutions, and build innovations.
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Purpose, a group of people who are going through the same process or are trying to achieve a similar objective
''see
Group (sociology)''
Other types
★
Affinity group, is a small group of
activists (usually from 3-20) who work together on
direct action
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Intentional community, a planned
residential community with a much higher degree of
social interaction than other communities
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Learning community, a cohort-based,
interdisciplinary approach to
higher education covering distinct fields of study
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Virtual community, ''See
Vitual community section below''
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Web community
Types of cooperatives
'
Cooperatives:'
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Housing cooperative, a legal entity that owns
real estate, usually one or more residential buildings
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Retailers' cooperative, a network of retailers which employs
economies of scale to get discounts from manufacturers and to pool marketing
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Consumers' cooperative, a type of
cooperative which employs
economies of scale to get discounts from distributors
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Utility cooperative, a
public utility such as electric, water or telecommunications owned by its members
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Worker cooperative, a type of
business entity owned in part or exclusively by its workers
Community development
Community development refers to efforts to improve communities:
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Community organizing, a process by which people are brought together to act in common self-interest
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Community building often refers to the more informal (or intangible) aspects of community development
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Community economic development refers to efforts to improve the material aspects of local communities
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Community practice, a type of
social work practice that focuses on community level interventions
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Community service, service (voluntary or compulsory) that a person performs for the benefit of his or her local community
Community concepts, movements and schools of thought
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Sense of community, a look from the psychological perspective at how and why communities form and why people join them
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Scientific Community Metaphor, an approach in
computer science to understanding and performing scientific communities
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Community politics, a movement in British politics to re-engage people with political action on a local level
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Imagined communities, a concept that nations are socially constructed by the imaginations of people
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Collectivist and Individualist cultures, a look at the differences between
collectivism and
individualism
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Internationalism (politics), a political movement which advocates cooperation between nations for the benefit of all
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World Brotherhood Colonies, an idea for spiritual-based communities begun by
Paramahansa Yogananda in 1932
Academic subjects
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Community studies, an academic discipine, drawing on
sociology and
anthropology with emphasis on
ethnography (
participant observation)
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Community practice social work, a branch of the applied field of
social work, which focuses on community level interventions, such as
community organizing,
community development, policy
advocacy and
policy analysis.
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Community psychology, the use of the principles of
psychology to understand how communities work (or fail to work)
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Computational sociology, a recently developed branch of
sociology that uses
computation to analyze social phenomena
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Cultural anthropology, a field of
anthropology comprising the
holistic study of humanity
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Internet studies, an emerging field of academia dealing with the interaction between the
Internet and modern
society
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Organizational Development, a branch of
Sociology that deals with how and why people organize themselves
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Philosophy of social science, the scholarly elucidation and debate of accounts of the nature of the
social sciences
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Rural sociology, a field of
sociology associated with the study of life in
small towns and the
country.
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Social geography, how society affects
geographical features and how environmental factors affect
society.
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Social philosophy, the
philosophical study of interesting questions about social
behavior (typically, of
humans).
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Social sciences, groups of
academic disciplines that study the human aspects of the world using
scientific methods
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Sociocultural evolution, theories of
cultural evolution and
social evolution, describing how cultures and societies have developed over time
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Urban planning, the discipline which deals with the development of
metropolitan areas,
municipalities and
neighbourhoods
Concepts and principles
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Communitarianism, a group of related but distinct philosophies advocating phenomena such as
civil society
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Consensus decision-making, inclusive decision-making processes that accommodate even the minority
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Meritocracy, a
form of government based on rule by
ability (merit) rather than by wealth or other determinants of
social position.
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Interpersonal relationship, a connection, affiliation or
association between two or more people
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Social capital, a concept with a variety of inter-related definitions, based on the
economic value of
social networks
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Communitas, a Latin noun for the
spirit of community having significance in
cultural anthropology and the
social sciences.
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Community television, television stations that are owned and operated by communities rather than governments or corporations
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Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft, terms introduced by German sociologist
Ferdinand Tönnies to distinguish
community from
society
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Group dynamics, the field of study within the
social sciences that focuses on the nature of
groups
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Small-group communication, communication in a context that mixes
interpersonal communication interactions with social clustering
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Socialization, the process by which people learn to adopt the behavior patterns of the
community in which they live
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Collectivism, a school of thought, antithetical to
Individualism, in which the
collective takes precedence over the
individual
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Organizational learning, an area of knowledge that looks at how an
organization learns and adapts
Terms
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Affinity (sociology), in terms of
sociology, refers to "kinship of spirit", interest and other
interpersonal commonalities
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Cenobitic, a
monastic tradition that stresses
community life as opposed to
eremitic — like a hermit.
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Collective, a group of people who share common interests, working together to achieve a common objective
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Consanguinity, the quality of being descended from the same ancestor as another person
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Emergence, complex pattern formation from simpler rules
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Group (sociology), a collection of people who share characteristics, interact and have a common
identity
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Liminality, a period of transition related to
initiation,
rite of passage or other entry into a
group
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Meeting, two or more people coming together to have discussions or produce a predetermined output, often in a formalized way
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Organization, a formal group of people with one or more shared goals
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Plenary session, the part of a
meeting when all members of all parties are in attendance
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Solidarity (sociology), the feeling or condition of unity based on common goals, interests, and sympathies among a group's members
Virtual community
''
Main articles: Virtual community
''
Virtual community, a group of people communicating with each other by means of information technologies:''
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Bulletin board system
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Chat room, an online site in which people can chat online (talk by broadcasting messages to people on the same site in real time)
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Computer-mediated communication
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Discourse community
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Electronic mailing list, a special usage of e-mail that allows for widespread distribution of information to many Internet users
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Internet activism
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Internet forum
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Internet social network
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Massively distributed collaboration
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Motivations for Contributing to Online Communities
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Massively Multiplayer Online Role-playing Games
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Network of practice
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Online deliberation
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Online wedding
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Social network
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Social evolutionary computation
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The Virtual Community
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Usenet, a distributed Internet discussion system that evolved from a general purpose
UUCP network of the same name
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Virtual Community of Practice
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Virtual Ethnography
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Virtual reality
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Web community
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Web of trust
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Wireless community projects, the development of interlinked computer networks
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World Wide Web, a global, read-write information space
''See also ''
Community institutions
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Community college, an educational institution providing post-secondary education
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Community foundations, institutions that pool donations into coordinated investments for grants
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Community (trade union), a trade union in the UK
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Community Bank, a locally owned and operated financial institution
Actual communities
':'
''Lists of
communities,
co-ops, etc.:''
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List of intentional communities
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List of ecovillages
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List of cooperatives
''Lists of
virtual communities:''
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Benchmark virtual communities
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Additional virtual community listings
''The
world community:''
'''Note to dialup users:' the following lists are massive''
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List of countries, a comprehensive list of countries of the world
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List of subnational entities, a comprehensive list of subnational entities, (states, provinces, communities, etc)
Online communities
★ '''
Craigslist:''' a
centralized
network of
online urban communities, featuring free
classified advertisements (with jobs,
housing,
personals, for
sale/
barter/
wanted,
services,
community,
gigs and
resumes
categories) and forums
sorted by various topics
★ '''
The WELL''' or The Whole Earth 'Lectronic Link is one of the oldest ongoing virtual communities. It is best known for the authors, technologists and journalists who congregate there, and for the deep sense of community and continuity provided by its Internet forums. The discussion topics on the WELL range from the deeply serious to the generally silly, depending on the nature and interests of the participants.
Other community topics
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Global Ecovillage Network, a global association of people and communities (
ecovillages) dedicated to living "
sustainable plus" lives
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Communication, the process of sending
information to oneself or another
entity, usually via a
language
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Gathering place, a phenomenal natural location crucial to
culture and
civilization
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Community Boards, a community-based mediation program, established in 1976, in
San Francisco, California, USA
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Community garden, small plots of land allocated to groups of people by some organization for
collective gardening
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WELL, ('W'hole 'E'arth 'L'ectronic 'L'ink or The WELL) - one of the oldest
virtual communities still online.
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The Farm (Tennessee), a spiritual
intentional community in
Summertown, Tennessee, known informally as a
hippie commune
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A-Welcome-To-All We Invite You, an activist
ecovillage in
Olympia, Washington
Other uses of the term "community"
Main articles: Community (disambiguation)
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CommUnity, an esoteric programming language
★ '', a tribute album (music recording)
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Biological community, all the interacting organisms living together in a specific habitat
Resources
These sources and references are being gleened from the articles listed above. If you know of any others, internal or external please add them.
Books and authors
Many of these books and authors are (or will soon be) covered in existing Wikipedia articles:
★ '' by
Robert D. Putnam and
Lewis M. Feldstein
★ '' by
Robert D. Putnam (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000), ISBN 0-7432-0304-6
★ '' by Diana Leafe Christian. New Society Publishers ( 2003). ISBN 0-86571-471-1
★ ''
Economy and Society'' by
Max Weber
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Sociology of Community'' by
Max Weber
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Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft'' by
Ferdinand Tönnies (1887)
★ '' by
M. Scott Peck
★ ''
The Forms of Capital'' by
Pierre Bourdieu
★ ''
The Great Good Place (Oldenburg)'' by
Ray Oldenburg (New York: Paragon Books, 1989) ISBN 1-56924-681-5
★ ''
The Idea of Community, Social Policy and Self'' by Kevin Loughran (Belfast: APJ Publications, 2003) ISBN 0-9543623-0-6
Authors
This is just a
flat list of authors who write about
community topics:
Jean Lave,
Etienne Wenger,
John Seely Brown,
Paul Duguid,
Pierre Rosanvallon,
Jacques Fournier,
Jacques Attali,
Louis Wirth,
William Foote Whyte,
Thomas Hobbes,
John Locke,
Jean-Jacques Rousseau, ...
External links
'
Library of Congress:'
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LoC - Researchers Reference tools and services
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LoC - Prints and Photographs Reading Room
Journals and publications
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UK Commission for Rural Communities - publications
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Community Development Journal (Oxford)
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USDA Rural Development - Publications
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Journal of Community Psychology
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Journal of Rural Community Psychology
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Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology
Organizations and projects
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The Citizen's Handbook
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Fellowship for Intentional Community
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Global Ecovillage Network
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BetterTogether.org
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Social Capital in Tampa Bay (University of South Florida)
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Ray Oldenburg's Project for Public Spaces (PPS)
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Community Toolbox
Academic articles
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Crime and Violence in Rural Communities
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Community - a review of the theory (Infed.org)
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Community Psychology: In Pursuit of Well-Being and Liberation
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Psychological Sense of Community: Theory of McMillan & Chavis (1986)
★ —
First Monday article by
Ilkka Tuomi (2000)
★ ...
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Is There Such a Thing as Community?: Kevin Loughran (2007)
Other
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Community Economic Development Institute (Cape Breton University)
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Smart Communities Blog
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Community Development Ideas
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