location.
The city chosen to be capital for a given region may change from time to time, typically during rapid population growth or time of governmental instability caused by local war. When territories were divided up into smaller states, especially during the
:''For the former capitals of U.S. states, see
The current roster of state capitals of the United States has not changed since 1910, when
. Four states were granted statehood after 1910 (
in 1959), but the capital of each of these four states had been the capital of the preceding territory since before 1910. It is unlikely that any of the current state capitals will change in the near future, due to the considerable cost of moving government operations.
In 34 of the 50 U.S. states, the state capital is currently not the state's most populous city.
The dates listed in the following table indicate the year since which the current capital has ''continuously'' served as the sole capital. In nine states, as noted below, the current capital had served as capital previously, but one or more other cities were capital in the interim.
is United States territory that is neither a part of one of the fifty states nor a part of the District of Columbia, the nation's federal district. Only five of the fourteen insular areas are populated; these are listed here. There are three additional freely associated states (
) and five additional disputed areas claimed by the United States and other nations; see
From 1765 to 1800, Congress met in numerous locations; therefore, the following cities can be said to have once been the United States capital
.
the government with its records and documents, including the Constitution and Declaration of Independence, fled to Virginia and took refuge in the vicinity of Leesburg
Before joining the United States as the fourteenth state, Vermont was an independent republic known as the
. Two cities served as the capital of the Republic:
Prior to becoming a territory of the United States in 1898, Hawaii was an independent nation. Two cities served as its capital:
. Served as the capital of the
.
.
.
. Seven cities served as its capital:
Before being annexed by the United States in 1846, California was an independent republic known as the
. The California Republic was never recognized by the United States which maintained that the U.S. Military Government of California headquartered at
was the legitimate government of the region. There was one ''
had three capitals during its existence.
in December of 1860 because it was the largest and most influential city in the geographic center of the original seven Confederate states (
) that planned to secede from the Union.
joined the Confederacy on May 23, 1861.
fell under the Federal guns in early 1865, the Confederate government fled using the only viable railroad line available on April 2, 1865 to Danville, VA.
The C.S.A. state capitals remained the same as when each state seceded from the
. Some of the capitals were moved temporarily in an effort to stay ahead of the advancing Federals. As Confederate areas were occupied, the US Army established military districts to govern each area. These military districts often shifted as the war progressed and even after the war concluded through the end of
.
that seceded from the the United States of America to create the C.S.A., gradually had their Senators and Representatives recognized and seated by Congress starting with
on July 15, 1870.
There is some disagreement over whether this recognition by Congress is what determines the status of 'statehood'. The US Supreme Court decision in
raises questions on this point where the court ruled that Texas never left the Union, and essentially that once a territory is admitted and recognized as a state, it is in perpetuity a state in the Union.
. State governments operated where and as they could. The
from 1776 to 1783. A similar situation occurred during the
.
Twenty-two state capitals have been a capital longer than their state has been a state, since they served as the capital of a predecessor territory, colony, or republic.
, has been a capital city continuously since 1630, making it the longest-running U.S. capital.
, has been a capital city the longest having become capital in 1610 and interrupted only by the
of 1680-1692. Boston, Santa Fe, and
are the only three U.S. cities that have been capitals for more than 300 years.
★ The year listed for each capital is the starting date; the ending date is the starting date for the successor unless otherwise indicated.
Historical State Capitals of the United States of America| State | Capital | Date | Notes |
|---|
'Alabama'[2]
Statehood in 1819 | San Agustín (FL) | 1565 | Capital of the Spanish colony of la Florida. |
| Savannah (GA) | 1733 | Capital of the British proprietary Colony of Georgia. |
| 1755 | Capital of the British Province of Georgia. |
| 1776 | Capitals of the State of Georgia. |
| Augusta (GA) | 1779 |
| Heard's Fort (GA) | 1780 |
| Augusta (GA) | 1781 |
| Savannah (GA) | 1782 |
| Ebenezer (GA) | 1782 |
| Savannah (GA) | 1784 |
| Augusta (GA) | 1786 |
| Louisville (GA) | 1796 |
| Natchez (MS) | 1798 | Capitals of the Territory of Mississippi. |
| Washington (MS) | 1802 |
| St. Stephens | 1817 | Capital of the Territory of Alabama. |
| Huntsville | '1819' | Capitals of the State of Alabama. |
| Cahawba | 1820 |
| Tuscaloosa | 1826 |
| 'Montgomery' | 1846 | 'Capital of the State of Alabama'.
(Capital of the Confederate States of America in 1861.) |
'Alaska'[3]
Statehood in 1959 | Novo-Arkhangelsk
Sitka | 1808 | Capital of the Russian colony of Alaska. |
| 1867 | Capital of the Department of Alaska. |
| 1900 | Capitals of the District of Alaska. |
| 'Juneau' | 1906 |
| 1912 | Capital of the Territory of Alaska. |
| '1959' | 'Capital of the State of Alaska'. |
'Arizona'[4]
Statehood in 1912 | Santa Fe (NM) | 1848 | Capital of the provisional government of New Mexico. |
| 1850 | Capital of the Territory of New Mexico. |
| Mesilla (NM) | 1862 | Capital of the Confederate Territory of Arizona. |
| San Antonio (TX) | 1862 | Capital of the government-in-exile of the Confederate Territory of Arizona. |
| Fort Whipple | 1863 | Capitals of the Territory of Arizona. |
| Prescott | 1864 |
| Tucson | 1867 |
| Prescott | 1877 |
| 'Phoenix' | 1889 |
| '1912' | 'Capital of the State of Arizona'. |
'Arkansas'[5]
Statehood in 1836 | Saint-Louis
San Luis
St. Louis (MO) | 1765 | Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana. |
| 1800 | Capital of the French district of la Haute-Louisiane. |
| 1804 | Capital of the District of Louisiana (under the authority of the Indiana Territory.) |
| 1805 | Capital of the Territory of Louisiana. |
| 1812 | Capital of the Territory of Missouri. |
| Arkansas Post | 1819 | Capitals of the Territory of Arkansaw.[The name Arkansas has been pronounced and spelled in a variety of fashions. The region was organized as the Territory of Arkansaw on 1819-07-04, but the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Arkansas on 1836-06-15. The name was historically pronounced as IPA: //, //, and several other variants. In 1881, the Arkansas General Assembly passed the following concurrent resolution (Arkansas Statutes, Title 1, Chapter 4, Section 105):]Whereas, confusion of practice has arisen in the pronunciation of the name of our state and it is deemed important that the true pronunciation should be determined for use in oral official proceedings. And, whereas, the matter has been thoroughly investigated by the State Historical Society and the Eclectic Society of Little Rock, which have agreed upon the correct pronunciation as derived from history, and the early usage of the American immigrants. Be it therefore resolved by both houses of the General Assembly, that the only true pronunciation of the name of the state, in the opinion of this body, is that received by the French from the native Indians and committed to writing in the French word representing the sound. It should be pronounced in three (3) syllables, with the final "s" silent, the "a" in each syllable with the Italian sound, and the accent on the first and last syllables. The pronunciation with the accent on the second syllable with the sound of "a" in "man" and the sounding of the terminal "s" is an innovation to be discouraged. Citizens of the State of Kansas often pronounce the Arkansas River as IPA: /ær?kænz?s ?r?v?r/ in a manner similar to the common pronunciation of the name of their state. |
| 'Little Rock' | 1821 |
| '1836' | 'Capital of the State of Arkansas'.
(Washington was the Confederate state capital 1863-1865.) |
'California'[6]
Statehood in 1850 | Loreto (Baja California Sur) | 1768 | Capitals of the Spanish Virreinato de la Nueva España colonies of las Californias. |
Presidio Reál de San Carlos de Monterey
Monterey
| 1777 |
| 1804 | Capital of the Spanish Virreinato de la Nueva España province of Alta California. |
| 1821 | Capital of the Mexican province of Alta California. |
| 1846 | Capital of the U.S. military government of California. |
| 1849 | Capital of the provisional government of California. |
Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe
San Jose | '1850' | 'Capitals of the State of California' |
| Vallejo | 1852 |
| Benicia | 1853 |
| 'Sacramento' | 1854 |
'Colorado'[7]
Statehood in 1876 | Denver City | 1859 | Capitals of the extralegal Territory of Jefferson. |
| Golden City | 1860 |
| Denver City | 1861 | Capitals of the Territory of Colorado. |
| Colorado City | 1862 |
| Golden City | 1862 |
Denver City
'Denver' | 1867 |
| '1876' | 'Capital of the State of Colorado'. |
'Connecticut'
Statehood in 1776 | Fort Amsterdam (NY) | 1625 | Capital of the Netherlands colony of Nieuw-Nederland. |
| Hartford | 1639 | Capitol of the English Colony of Connecticut 1639-1686. |
| New-Haven | 1640 | Capital of the English Colony of New-Haven until its merger into the Connecticut Colony in 1662. |
| Boston (MA) | 1686 | Capital of the English Dominion of New-England in America. |
| Hartford | 1689 | Capitol of the English Colony of Connecticut. |
| Joint Capitals | 1701 | Hartford and New-Haven served as the "co-capitals" of the English Colony of Connecticut, with the Assembly holding its May session in Hartford and its October session in New-Haven. |
| 1707 | Hartford and New-Haven joint capitals of the British Colony of Connecticut. |
| '1776' | Hartford and New Haven joint capitals of the State of Connecticut. |
| 'Hartford' | 1875 | 'Capital of the State of Connecticut'. |
'Delaware'
Statehood in 1776 | Fort Kristina | 1638 | Capital of the Swedish colony of Nya Sverige. |
Fort Amsterdam
Nieuw-Amsterdam
New-York
Nieuw-Oranje
New-York (NY) | 1655 | Capital of the Netherlands province of Nieuw-Nederland. |
| 1664 | Capital of the English Colony of New-York. |
| 1673 | Capital of the Netherlands military government of Nieuw-Nederland. |
| 1674 | Capital of the English Colony of New-York. |
| Philadelphia (PA) | 1682 | Capital of the English Colony of Pennsylvania. |
| New-Castle | 1704 | Capital of the English Lower Counties on the Delaware. |
| 1707 | Capital of the British Lower Counties on the Delaware. |
| '1776' | 'Capitals of the State of Delaware'. |
| 'Dover' | 1777 |
'Florida'[8]
Statehood in 1845 | Fort de la Caroline | 1564 | Capital of the French colony of la Caroline 1564-1565. |
San Agustín
St. Augustine | 1565 | Capital of the Spanish colony of la Florida 1565-1763.[The Spanish name la Florida originally referred to all of the American continent north of Mexico. As other European nations colonized North America, the extent of la Florida shrank to encompass only the Spanish territorial claims in the southeastern portion of the present United States.] |
| 1763 | Capital of the British Colony of East Florida 1763-1783. |
| 1783 | Capital of the Spanish colony of Florida Oriental 1783-1821. |
Santa María de Ochuse
Pensacola | 1763 | Capital of the British Colony of West Florida 1763-1783. |
| 1783 | Capital of the Spanish colony of Florida Occidental 1783-1821. |
| 'Tallahassee' | 1824 | Capital of the Territory of Florida. |
| '1845' | 'Capital of the State of Florida'. |
'Georgia'[9]
Statehood in 1776 | San Agustín (FL) | 1565 | Capital of the Spanish colony of la Florida. |
| Savannah (GA) | 1733 | Capital of the British proprietary Colony of Georgia. |
| 1755 | Capital of the British Province of Georgia. |
| '1776' | 'Capitals of the State of Georgia'. |
| Augusta | 1779 |
| Heard's Fort | 1780 |
| Augusta | 1781 |
| Savannah | 1782 |
| Ebenezer | 1782 |
| Savannah | 1784 |
| Augusta | 1786 |
| Louisville | 1796 |
| Milledgeville | 1807 |
| Macon | 1864 |
| Milledgeville | 1865 |
| 'Atlanta' | 1868 |
'Hawai'i'
Statehood in 1959 | Lahaina | 1820 | Capitals of the Kingdom of Hawaii. |
| 'Honolulu' | 1845 |
| 1894 | Capital of the Republic of Hawaii. |
| 1898 | Capital of the Territory of Hawaii. |
| '1959' | 'Capital of the State of Hawai'i'. |
'Idaho'[10]
Statehood in 1890 | Fort Vancouver (WA) | 1825 | Capital ''de facto'' of the Oregon Country. |
| Oregon City (OR) | 1843 | Capital of the Provisional Government of Oregon in the Oregon Country. |
| 1848 | Capitals of the Territory of Oregon (all of Idaho 1848-1853, southern Idaho 1853-1859.) |
| Salem (OR) | 1851 |
| Olympia (WA) | 1853 | Capital of the Territory of Washington (northern Idaho 1853-1859, all of Idaho 1859-1863.) |
| Lewiston | 1863 | Capitals of the Territory of Idaho. |
| 'Boise' | 1865 |
| '1890' | 'Capital of the State of Idaho'. |
'Illinois'[11]
Statehood in 1818 | Marietta (OH) | 1788 | Capital of the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio. |
| Vincennes (IN) | 1800 | Capital of the Territory of Indiana. |
| Kaskaskia | 1809 | Capital of the Territory of Illinois. |
| '1818' | 'Capitals of the State of Illinois'. |
| Vandalia | 1820 |
| 'Springfield' | 1839 |
'Indiana'
Statehood in 1816 | Marietta (OH) | 1788 | Capital of the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio. |
| Vincennes | 1800 | Capitals of the Territory of Indiana. |
| Corydon | 1813 |
| '1816' | 'Capitals of the State of Indiana'. |
| 'Indianapolis' | 1825 |
'Iowa'[12]
Statehood in 1846 | Saint-Louis
San Luis
St. Louis (MO) | 1765 | Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana. |
| 1800 | Capital of the French district of la Haute-Louisiane. |
| 1804 | Capital of the District of Louisiana (under the authority of the Indiana Territory.) |
| 1805 | Capital of the Territory of Louisiana. |
| 1812 | Capital of the Territory of Missouri (1812-1821). |
| Detroit (MI) | 1834 | Capital of the Territory of Michigan. |
| Belmont (WI) | 1836 | Capitals of the Territory of Wisconsin. |
| Burlington | 1837 |
| 1838 | Capitals of the Territory of Iowa. |
| Iowa City | 1841 |
| '1846' | 'Capitals of the State of Iowa'. |
| 'Des Moines' | 1857 |
'Kansas'[13]
Statehood in 1861 | Saint-Louis
San Luis
St. Louis (MO) | 1765 | Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana. |
| 1800 | Capital of the French district of la Haute-Louisiane. |
| 1804 | Capital of the District of Louisiana (under the authority of the Indiana Territory.) |
| 1805 | Capital of the Territory of Louisiana. |
| 1812 | Capital of the Territory of Missouri (1812-1821). |
| Pawnee | 1855 | Capital of the Territory of Kansas (July 2-July 6). |
| Shawnee Mission | 1855 | Capital of the Territory of Kansas. |
| Lecompton | 1856 | Capital ''de jure'' (pro-slavery) of the Territory of Kansas. |
| 'Topeka' | Capital ''de facto'' (anti-slavery) of the Territory of Kansas. |
| '1861' | 'Capital of the State of Kansas'. |
'Kentucky'[14]
Statehood in 1792 | Williamsburg (VA) | 1699 | Capital of the English Colony of Virginia. |
| 1707 | Capital of the British Colony of Virginia. |
| 1776 | Capital of the Commonwealth of Virginia. |
| Danville | 1780 | Seat of the Kentucky District of the Commonwealth of Virginia. |
| 'Frankfort' | '1792' | 'Capital of the Commonwealth of Kentucky'.
(Bowling Green was the Confederate state capital 1861-1862.) |
'Louisiana'[15]
Statehood in 1812 | San Agustín (FL) | 1565 | Capital of the Spanish colony of la Florida. |
| Mobile Bay (AL) | 1702 | Capitals of the French colony of la Louisiane. |
| Biloxi (MS) | 1720 |
la Nouvelle-Orléans
Nueva Orleans
New Orleans | 1722 |
| 1763 | Capital of the Spanish district of Baja Louisiana. |
| 1800 | Capital of the French district of la Basse-Louisiane. |
| 1803 | Capital of the Territory of Orleans. |
| '1812' | 'Capitals of the State of Louisiana'. |
| Donaldsonville | 1830 |
| New Orleans | 1831 |
| Baton Rouge | 1849 |
| Opelousas | 1862 |
| Shreveport | 1863 |
| New Orleans | 1865 |
| 'Baton Rouge' | 1880 |
'Maine'[16]
Statehood in 1820 | Île Sainte-Croix | 1604 | Capitals of the French colony of l'Acadie. |
| Port-Royal (NS) | 1605 |
| Boston (MA) | 1630 | Capital of the English Colony of Massachusetts Bay. |
| 1686 | Capital of the English Dominion of New-England in America. |
| 1689 | Capital of the dissident Colony of Massachusetts Bay. |
| 1691 | Capital of the English Province of Massachusetts Bay. |
| 1707 | Capital of the British Province of Massachusetts Bay. |
| 1774 | Capital of the dissident Province of Massachusetts Bay. |
| 1776 | Capital of the State of Massachusetts. |
| 1780 | Capital of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. |
| Portland | '1820' | Capital of the State of Maine. |
| 1827 | Capital ''de facto'' of the State of Maine. |
| 'Augusta' | Capital ''de jure'' of the State of Maine. |
| 1832 | 'Capital of the State of Maine'. |
'Maryland'[17]
Statehood in 1776 | St. Mary's City | 1634 | Capital of the English proprietary Colony of Maryland. |
Anne Arundel's Towne
'Annapolis'
| 1694 | Capital of the English Province of Maryland. |
| 1707 | Capital of the British Province of Maryland. |
| '1776' | 'Capital of the State of Maryland'.
(Capital of the United States of America 1783-1784.) |
'Massachusetts'
Statehood in 1776 | Plimouth | 1620 | Capital of the English Colony of New-Plimouth 1620-1686. |
| Boston | 1630 | Capital of the English Colony of Massachusetts Bay 1630-1686. |
| 1686 | Capital of the English Dominion of New-England in America 1686-1689. |
| Plimouth | 1688 | Capital of the dissident Colony of New-Plimouth 1688-1691. |
| 'Boston' | 1689 | Capital of the dissident Colony of Massachusetts Bay 1689-1691. |
| 1691 | Capital of the English Province of Massachusetts Bay. |
| 1707 | Capital of the British Province of Massachusetts Bay. |
| 1774 | Capital of the dissident Province of Massachusetts Bay. |
| '1776' | Capital of the State of Massachusetts Bay. |
| 1780 | 'Capital of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts'. |
'Michigan'[18]
Statehood in 1837 | Marietta (OH) | 1788 | Capitals of the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio (all of Michigan 1788-1800, eastern Michigan 1800-1803.) |
| Chillicothe (OH) | 1800 |
| Vincennes (IN) | Capitals of the Territory of Indiana (western Michigan 1800-1803; all of Michigan 1803-1805, a portion of the Upper Peninsula 1805-1816.) |
| Corydon (IN) | 1813 |
| Detroit | 1805 | Capital of the Territory of Michigan (Lower Peninsula 1805-1818, all of Michigan 1818-1837.)
(Detroit was occupied by British Armed Forces 1812-1813.) |
| '1837' | 'Capitals of the State of Michigan'. |
| 'Lansing' | 1847 |
'Minnesota'[19]
Statehood in 1858 | Saint-Louis
San Luis
St. Louis (MO) | 1765 | Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana 1765-1800. |
| 1800 | Capital of the French district of la Haute-Louisiane (west of Mississippi River 1800-1804.) |
| 1804 | Capital of the District of Louisiana (west of Mississippi River under the authority of the Indiana Territory 1804-1805.) |
| 1805 | Capital of the Territory of Louisiana (west of Mississippi River 1805-1812.) |
| 1812 | Capital of the Territory of Missouri (west of Mississippi River 1812-1821.) |
| Marietta (OH) | 1788 | Capital of the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio (east of Mississippi River 1788-1800.) |
| Vincennes (IN) | 1800 | Capital of the Territory of Indiana (east of Mississippi River 1800-1809.) |
| Kaskaskia (IL) | 1809 | Capital of the Territory of Illinois (east of Mississippi River 1809-1818.) |
| Detroit (MI) | 1818 | Capital of the Territory of Michigan (east of Mississippi River 1818-1834, all of Minnesota 1834-1836.) |
| Belmont (WI) | 1836 | Capitals of the Territory of Wisconsin. |
| Burlington (IA) | 1837 |
| 1838 | Capital of the Territory of Iowa (west of Mississippi River 1838-1841.) |
| Madison (WI) | Capital of the Territory of Wisconsin (east of Mississippi River 1838-1848.) |
| Iowa City (IA) | 1841 | Capital of the Territory of Iowa (west of Mississippi River 1841-1846.) |
| 'Saint Paul' | 1849 | Capital of the Territory of Minnesota. |
| '1858' | 'Capital of the State of Minnesota'. |
'Mississippi'[20]
Statehood in 1817 | San Agustín (FL) | 1565 | Capital of the Spanish colony of la Florida. |
| Savannah (GA) | 1733 | Capital of the British proprietary Colony of Georgia. |
| 1755 | Capital of the British Province of Georgia. |
| 1776 | Capitals of the State of Georgia. |
| Augusta (GA) | 1779 |
| Heard's Fort (GA) | 1780 |
| Augusta (GA) | 1781 |
| Savannah (GA) | 1782 |
| Ebenezer (GA) | 1782 |
| Savannah (GA) | 1784 |
| Augusta (GA) | 1786 |
| Louisville (GA) | 1796 |
| Natchez | 1798 | Capitals of the Territory of Mississippi. |
| Washington | 1802 |
| Natchez | '1817' | 'Capitals of the State of Mississippi'. |
| 'Jackson' | 1821 |
'Missouri'
Statehood in 1821 | Saint-Louis
San Luis
St. Louis | 1765 | Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana. |
| 1800 | Capital of the French district of la Haute-Louisiane. |
| 1804 | Capital of the District of Louisiana (under the authority of the Indiana Territory.) |
| 1805 | Capital of the Territory of Louisiana. |
| 1812 | Capital of the Territory of Missouri. |
| Saint Charles | '1821' | 'Capitals of the State of Missouri'.
(A Confederate state government in exile operated from Neosho 1861-1863, and from Marshall, Texas, 1863-1865.) |
| 'Jefferson City' | 1826 |
'Montana'[21]
Statehood in 1889 | Saint-Louis
San Luis
St. Louis (MO) | 1765 | Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana (east of Continental Divide 1763-1800.) |
| 1800 | Capital of the French district of la Haute-Louisiane (east of Continental Divide 1800-1804.) |
| 1804 | Capital of the District of Louisiana (east of Continental Divide under the authority of the Indiana Territory 1804-1805.) |
| 1805 | Capital of the Territory of Louisiana (east of Continental Divide 1805-1812.) |
| 1812 | Capital of the Territory of Missouri (east of Continental Divide 1812-1821.) |
| Fort Vancouver (WA) | 1825 | Capital ''de facto'' of the Oregon Country (west of Continental Divide 1818-1843.) |
| Oregon City (OR) | 1843 | Capital of the Provisional Government of Oregon (west of Continental Divide 1843-1848.) |
| 1848 | Capitals of the Territory of Oregon (west of Continental Divide 1848-1853.) |
| Salem (OR) | 1851 |
| Olympia (WA) | 1853 | Capital of the Territory of Washington (west of Continental Divide 1853-1863.) |
| Omaha (NE) | 1854 | Capital of the Territory of Nebraska (east of Continental Divide 1854-1861.) |
| Yankton (SD) | 1861 | Capital of the Territory of Dakota (east of Continental Divide 1861-1863.) |
| Lewiston (ID) | 1863 | Capital of the Territory of Idaho. |
| Bannack | 1864 | Capitals of the Territory of Montana. |
| Virginia City | 1865 |
| 'Helena' | 1875 |
| '1889' | 'Capital of the State of Montana'. |
'Nebraska'
Statehood in 1867 | Saint-Louis
San Luis
St. Louis (MO) | 1765 | Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana. |
| 1800 | Capital of the French district of la Haute-Louisiane. |
| 1804 | Capital of the District of Louisiana (under the authority of the Indiana Territory.) |
| 1805 | Capital of the Territory of Louisiana. |
| 1812 | Capital of the Territory of Missouri (1812-1821). |
| Omaha | 1854 | Capitals of the Territory of Nebraska. |
Lancaster
'Lincoln' | 1867 |
| '1867' | 'Capital of the State of Nebraska'. |
'Nevada'[22]
Statehood in 1864 | Fillmore (UT) | 1850 | Capitals of the Territory of Utah. |
| Salt Lake City (UT) | 1858 |
| 'Carson City' | 1861 | Capital of the Territory of Nevada. |
| '1864' | 'Capital of the State of Nevada'. |
'New Hampshire'[23]
Statehood in 1776 | Boston (MA) | 1630 | Capital of the English Colony of Massachusetts Bay. |
| Portsmouth | 1680 | Capital of the English Province of New-Hampshire. |
| Boston (MA) | 1686 | Capital of the English Dominion of New-England in America. |
| Portsmouth | 1689 | Capital of the dissident Province of New-Hampshire. |
| 1691 | Capital of the English Province of New-Hampshire. |
| 1698 | Capital of the English Province of New-Hampshire under jurisdiction of the Royal Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay. |
| 1707 | Capital of the British Province of New-Hampshire under jurisdiction of the Royal Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay. |
| 1741 | Capital of the British Province of New-Hampshire. |
| Exeter | 1775 | Capital of the Revolutionary War government of New Hampshire. |
| '1776' | 'Capitals of the State of New Hampshire'. |
| 'Concord' | 1808 |
'New Jersey'
Statehood in 1776 | Fort Amsterdam (NY) | 1625 | Capital of the Netherlands colony of Nieuw-Nederland. |
| 1652 | Capital of the Netherlands province of Nieuw-Nederland. |
| Elizabethtown (now Elizabeth) | 1665 | Capital of the English Province of New-Jersey. |
| Perth Amboy | 1673 | Capital of the English Province of East Jersey 1673-1688. |
| Burlington | Capital of the English Province of West Jersey 1673-1688. |
| Boston (MA) | 1688 | Capital of the English Dominion of New-England in America 1688-1689. |
| Perth Amboy | 1689 | Capital of the English Province of East Jersey 1689-1702. |
| Burlington | Capital of the English Province of West Jersey 1689-1702. |
| Joint Capitals | 1702 | East Jersey and West Jersey were re-united as the English Province of New-Jersey in 1702. Perth Amboy and Burlington served jointly as the capital until 1784. |
| 1707 | Joint capitals of the British Province of New-Jersey. |
| '1776' | Joint capitals of the State of New Jersey. |
| 'Trenton' | 1784 | 'Capital of the State of New Jersey'.
(Capital of the United States of America in 1784.) |
'New Mexico'
Statehood in 1912 | San Juan de los Caballeros | 1598 | Capitals of the Spanish Virreinato de la Nueva España colony of Santa Fé de Nuevo Méjico. |
| La Villa Real de la Santa Fé de San Francisco de Asís | 1610 |
| El Paso del Norte (now Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua) | 1680 | Capital of the Spanish Virreinato de la Nueva España colony-in-exile of Santa Fé de Nuevo Méjico. |
La Villa Real de la Santa Fé de San Francisco de Asís
'Santa Fe'
| 1692 | Capital of the Spanish Virreinato de la Nueva España colony of Santa Fé de Nuevo Méjico. |
| 1821 | Capital of the Mexican province of Santa Fé de Nuevo México. |
| 1824 | Capital of the Mexican territory of Santa Fé de Nuevo México. |
| 1846 | Capital of the U.S. military province of New Mexico. |
| 1848 | Capital of the provisional government of New Mexico. |
| 1850 | Capital of the Territory of New Mexico. |
| '1912' | 'Capital of the State of New Mexico'. |
'New York'
Statehood in 1776 | Fort Amsterdam
Nieuw-Amsterdam
New-York
Nieuw-Oranje
New-York | 1625 | Capital of the Netherlands colony of Nieuw-Nederland (Novum Belgium). |
| 1652 | Capital of the Netherlands province of Nieuw-Nederland. |
| 1664 | Capital of the English Province of New-York. |
| 1673 | Capital of the Netherlands military government of Nieuw-Nederland. |
| 1674 | Capital of the English Province of New-York. |
| Boston (MA) | 1688 | Capital of the English Dominion of New-England in America. |
| New-York | 1689 | Capital of the dissident government of New-York. |
| 1691 | Capital of the English Province of New-York. |
| 1707 | Capital of the British Province of New-York. |
| '1776' | Capitals of the State of New York. |
| Kingston | 1777 |
| Hurley | 1777 |
| Poughkeepsie | 1777 |
| New York | 1788 | Capital of the State of New York.
(Capital of the United States of America 1785–1788 and 1789–1790.) |
| 'Albany' | 1797 | 'Capital of the State of New York'. |
'North Carolina'
Statehood in 1776 | San Agustín (FL) | 1565 | Capital of the Spanish colony of la Florida. |
| Charlestown (SC) | 1670 | Capital of the English Province of Carolina. |
| 1707 | Capital of the British Province of Carolina. |
| New Bern | 1712 | Capital of the British Province of North Carolina. |
| '1776' | 'Capitals of the State of North Carolina'. |
| 'Raleigh' | 1794 |
'North Dakota'
Statehood in 1889 | Saint-Louis
San Luis
St. Louis (MO) | 1765 | Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana. |
| 1800 | Capital of the French district of la Haute-Louisiane. |
| 1804 | Capital of the District of Louisiana (under the authority of the Indiana Territory.) |
| 1805 | Capital of the Territory of Louisiana. |
| 1812 | Capital of the Territory of Missouri (1812-1821). |
| Detroit (MI) | 1834 | Capital of the Territory of Michigan (east of Missouri River and White Earth River 1834-1836.) |
| Belmont (WI) | 1836 | Capitals of the Territory of Wisconsin (east of Missouri River and White Earth River 1836-1838.) |
| Burlington (IA) | 1837 |
| 1838 | Capitals of the Territory of Iowa (east of Missouri River and White Earth River 1838-1846.) |
| Iowa City (IA) | 1841 |
| Saint Paul (MN) | 1849 | Capital of the Territory of Minnesota (east of Missouri River and White Earth River 1849-1858.) |
| Omaha (NE) | 1854 | Capital of the Territory of Nebraska (west of Missouri River or White Earth River 1854-1861.) |
| Yankton (SD) | 1861 | Capitals of the Territory of Dakota. |
| 'Bismarck' | 1883 |
| '1889' | 'Capital of the State of North Dakota'. |
'Ohio'
Statehood in 1803 | Marietta | 1788 | Capitals of the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio. |
| Chillicothe | 1800 |
| '1803' | 'Capitals of the State of Ohio'. |
| Zanesville | 1810 |
| Chillicothe | 1812 |
| 'Columbus' | 1816 |
'Oklahoma'
Statehood in 1907 | Saint-Louis
San Luis
St. Louis (MO) | 1765 | Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana. |
| 1800 | Capital of the French district of la Haute-Louisiane. |
| 1804 | Capital of the District of Louisiana (under the authority of the Indiana Territory.) |
| 1805 | Capital of the Territory of Louisiana. |
| 1812 | Capital of the Territory of Missouri. |
| Arkansas Post (AR) | 1819 | Capitals of the Territory of Arkansaw[ (south of the parallel 36°30' north 1819-1824, southeastern Oklahoma 1824-1828.)] |
| Little Rock (AR) | 1821 |
| Tahlequah | 1838 | Capital of the Cherokee Nation. |
| Tuskahoma | 1838 | Capital of the Choctaw Nation. |
| Tishomingo | 1855 | Capital of the Chickasaw Nation. |
| Wewoka | 1866 | Capital of the Seminole Nation. |
| Okmulgee | 1867 | Capital of the Creek Nation. |
| Guthrie | 1889 | Capital of the Territory of Oklahoma. |
| '1907' | 'Capitals of the State of Oklahoma'. |
| 'Oklahoma City' | 1910 |
'Oregon'[24]
Statehood in 1859 | Fort Vancouver (WA) | 1825 | Capital ''de facto'' of the Oregon Country. |
| Oregon City | 1843 | Capital of the Provisional Government of Oregon in the Oregon Country.[ Pioneer Days of Oregon History, , S.A., Clarke, J.K. Gill Company, 1905, ] |
| 1848 | Capitals of the Territory of Oregon. |
| Salem | 1851 |
| Corvallis | 1855 |
| 'Salem' | 1855 |
| '1859' | 'Capital of the State of Oregon'. |
'Pennsylvania'[25]
Statehood in 1776 | Philadelphia | 1682 | Capital of the English proprietary Colony of Pennsylvania. |
| 1707 | Capital of the British proprietary Colony of Pennsylvania. |
| '1776' | Capital of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
(Capital of the United States of America 1776, 1777, 1778-1783, and 1790-1800.) |
| Lancaster | 1799 | Capital of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
(Capital of the United States of America 1777.) |
| 'Harrisburg' | 1812 | 'Capital of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania'. |
'Rhode Island'
Statehood in 1776 | Providence | 1636 | Capital of the English Colony of Providence 1636-1663. |
| Portsmouth | 1639 | Capital of the English Colony of Aquidneck Island 1639-1644. |
| 1644 | Capital of the English Colony of Rhode Island 1644-1663. |
| Providence | 1663 | Capital of the English Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. |
| Boston (MA) | 1686 | Capital of the English Dominion of New-England in America. |
| Providence | 1689 | Capital of the English Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. |
| 1707 | Capital of the British Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. |
| Five Capitals | '1776' | From 1776 to 1853, the legislature of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations rotated among the county seats of the state's five counties: Providence, Newport, East Greenwich, South Kingstown, and Bristol. |
| Joint Capitals | 1854 | From 1854 to 1899, the legislature of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations alternated sessions between Providence and Newport. |
| 'Providence' | 1900 | 'Capital of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations'. |
'South Carolina'
Statehood in 1776 | San Agustín (FL) | 1565 | Capital of the Spanish colony of la Florida. |
| Charlestown | 1670 | Capital of the English Province of Carolina. |
| 1707 | Capital of the British Province of Carolina. |
| 1712 | Capital of the British Province of South Carolina. |
| '1776' | 'Capitals of the State of South Carolina'. |
| 'Columbia' | 1786 |
'South Dakota'
Statehood in 1889 | Saint-Louis
San Luis
St. Louis (MO) | 1765 | Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana. |
| 1800 | Capital of the French district of la Haute-Louisiane. |
| 1804 | Capital of the District of Louisiana (under the authority of the Indiana Territory.) |
| 1805 | Capital of the Territory of Louisiana. |
| 1812 | Capital of the Territory of Missouri (1812-1821). |
| Detroit (MI) | 1834 | Capital of the Territory of Michigan (east of Missouri River 1834-1836.) |
| Belmont (WI) | 1836 | Capitals of the Territory of Wisconsin (east of Missouri River 1836-1838.) |
| Burlington (IA) | 1837 |
| 1838 | Capitals of the Territory of Iowa (east of Missouri River 1838-1846.) |
| Iowa City (IA) | 1841 |
| Saint Paul (MN) | 1849 | Capital of the Territory of Minnesota (east of Missouri River 1849-1858.) |
| Omaha (NE) | 1854 | Capital of the Territory of Nebraska (west of Missouri River 1854-1861.) |
| Yankton | 1861 | Capitals of the Territory of Dakota. |
| Bismarck (ND) | 1883 |
| 'Pierre' | '1889' | 'Capital of the State of South Dakota'. |
'Tennessee'[26]
Statehood in 1796 | New Bern (NC) | 1712 | Capital of the British Province of North Carolina. |
| 1776 | Capital of the State of North Carolina. |
| Rocky Mount | 1790 | Capitals of the Territory South of the River Ohio. |
White's Fort
Knoxville </ |
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