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The Ottoman Empire threatened the powers of Europe with its steady advance through the Balkans up until 1683. Its navy was a powerful force in the Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, Red Sea, Persian Gulf and the Indian Ocean, occasionally venturing into the Atlantic Ocean between 1501-1631. The Ottoman Turks used the Isle of Lundy at the Bristol Channel as a naval base for operations in the Northern Atlantic and appeared in distant lands such as the British Isles, Scandinavia, Iceland, Newfoundland and Virginia between 1625-1660.^[1][2] In the east the Ottomans confronted the Portuguese fleet based in Goa in the Indian Ocean on several battles between 1538-1566^[3] and appeared in distant lands such as Pakistan (South Asia), Malaysia and Indonesia (e.g. the expedition of Kurtoğlu Hızır Reis to Sumatra in 1568-1569) while expanding Ottoman territory into the Red Sea, Arabian Sea and Persian Gulf at the expense of Portuguese interests such as the strategic ports of Aden and Hormuz. The navy won important battles in the Mediterranean Sea against European sea powers, such as the Battle of Zonchio (1499), Battle of Preveza (1538) and the Battle of Djerba (1560) and remained practically invincible until its first ever defeat at the Battle of Lepanto (1571) which however did not stop the Ottoman Turks from rebuilding their fleet and gaining new lands in the Mediterranean Sea. On several occasions the Ottoman army invaded central Europe and twice attempted to conquer the Habsburgs with the Siege of Vienna (1529) and the Battle of Vienna (1683), only to be repulsed by coalitions of European powers. In the east the Ottoman army confronted the Safavid Empire for controlling the areas around the Persian Gulf and the Caspian Sea. The conquest of Azerbaijan, Tabriz, Hamadan, Baghdad and Mesopotamia by Sultan Murad IV in 1638 marked the culmination of the Ottoman territorial expansion in these areas.

Contents

List

Europe

Asia

Africa

See also

References

List

This is a list of Ottoman Empire dominated territories across Europe, Asia and Africa (1299-1922).

Europe

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★ Albania (1478-1912)
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★ Bosnia (1463-1878/1908)
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★ Bulgaria (1393/1395-1878/1908)
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★ Crete (1669-1908)
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★ Crimea (1475-1783)
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★ Croatia (Slavonia, Lika) (1529-1699)
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★ Cyclades Islands (1566-1830)
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★ Cyprus (1570-1914)
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★ Dodecanese Islands (1522-1912)
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★ Greece (1460-1831)
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★ Herzegovina (1481-1878/1908)
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★ Hungary (1541-1699)
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★ Macedonia (Skopje) (1371-1913)
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★ Moldova (1526-1812)
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★ Montenegro (1498-1878)
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★ North Aegean Islands (1677-1912)
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★ Otranto (1480-1481)
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★ Podolia (1672-1699)
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★ Rhodes (1522-1912)
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★ Romania (Wallachia) (1412-1877)
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★ Romania (Moldavia) (1417-1877)
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★ Romania (Transylvania) (1541-1699)
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★ Saronic Islands (1460-1830)
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★ Serbia (1459-1804/1878)
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★ Sporades Islands (1538-1830)

Asia

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★ Aden (1538-1839)
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★ Abadan (1514-1529, 1543-1623, 1639-1847)
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★ Abkhazia (1578-1810)
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★ Armenia (Yerevan) (1514-1618)
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★ Azerbaijan (Baku) (1516-1806)
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★ Azerbaijan (Tabriz) (1585-1639)
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★ Azerbaijan (Karabakh) (1557-1730)
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★ Dagestan (1645-1730)
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★ Georgia (1516-1603, 1620-1683, 1727-1735)
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★ Hamadan (1721-1730, 1916-1918)
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★ Iraq (Baghdad, Basra, Mosul) (1534-1917)
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★ Kuwait (1534-1914)
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★ Jordan (1516-1918)
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★ Lebanon (Beirut, Acre, Saidon) (1516-1918)
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★ Luristan (1587-1639)
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★ Oman (1550-1551, 1581-1588, 1659-1741)
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★ Palestine (1516-1918)
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★ Qatar (1871-1916)
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★ Saudi Arabia (El Hasa) (1871-1913)
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★ Saudi Arabia (Hejaz) (1517-1916)
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★ Saudi Arabia (Nejd) (1817-1902)
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★ Saudi Arabia (Asir) (1871-1914)
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★ Syria (Damascus, Aleppo) (1516-1918)
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★ Yemen (1517-1636, 1872-1918)

Africa

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★ Algeria (Algiers) (1536-1830)
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★ Algeria (Constantine) (1637-1830)
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★ Algeria (Oran) (1708-1732, 1792-1831)
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★ Egypt (1517-1798, 1801-1914)
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★ Eritrea (Massawa/Habesh) (1557-1884)
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★ Libya (Cyrenaica) (1521-1911)
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★ Libya (Tripolitania) (1551-1912)
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★ Libya (Fezzan) (1842-1912)
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★ Somaliland (Zeila) (1548-1884)
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★ Sudan (Nubia) (1553-1885)
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★ Sudan (Darfur) (1874-1883)
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★ Sudan (Equatoria) (1871-1889)
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★ Sudan (Kordofan) (1821-1883)
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★ Tunisia (1534-1881)

See also

★ Ottoman Empire

★ Subdivisions of the Ottoman Empire

★ History of the Turkish Navy, with a chronological list of Ottoman naval expeditions

References

1. Türk Deniz Kuvvetleri: Atlantik'te Türk Denizciliği
2. http://www.obrien.ie/book632.cfm Ekin, Des: ''The Stolen Village''
3. http://www.dallog.com/savaslar/hintseferi.htm Ottoman naval expeditions in the Indian Ocean, 1538-1566