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'Leonid Ivanovich Abalkin' (born 1930) is a Russian economist. He was born in Moscow and became director of the Institute of Economics of the USSR Academy of Sciences in 1986. A member of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR with special responsibility for economic affairs. He later worked as an advisor to Presidents Mikhail Gorbachev and Boris Yeltsin. Under Mikhail Gorbachev he was one of the major advocates of rapid economic reform, and in 1998 became a member of the Economic Crisis Group. Most of his published writings concern the theoretical problems of political economy under socialism.