'Latin Europe'
| Area | Latin Arch: 1,574,343 km²
Romania+Moldova: 272,235 km² (Eastern Europe) |
|---|
| Population | 201,213,593 |
|---|
| Countries | 6 |
|---|
| GDP (PPP) | 2006 estimate
(France) $1.836 Trillion
(Italy) $1.713 Trillion
(Moldova) $9.001 Billion
(Portugal) $229.881 Billion
(Romania) $196.640 Billion
(Spain) $1.141 Trillion |
|---|
| Dependencies | ?? |
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| Languages | French, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish, Catalan, Galician, Basque and a few others |
|---|
| Time Zones | GMT -1:00 (Azores, Portugal) to GMT +2:00 (Romania / Moldova) |
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| Largest Cities | Paris
Madrid
Rome
Lisbon
Barcelona
Milan
Bucharest
Porto |
|---|
'Latin Europe' (
Italian,
Portuguese and
Spanish: '''Europa latina''';
French: '''Europe latine''';
Romanian: '''Europa latină''';
Catalan: '''Europa llatina''';
Franco-Provençal: '''Eropa latina''') is composed of those nations and areas in
Europe that speak a
Romance language and are seen as having a distinct culture from the
Germanic and
Slavic parts of Europe. Their languages share a common background, all being descendants of Vulgar Latin.
Countries and territories
The heart of the Latin Europe is situated in southwestern Europe and comprises of four countries around the northwestern
Mediterranean Basin (also known as the
Latin Arch): '
Italy', '
France', '
Spain' (including the
Canary Islands) and '
Portugal' (including the archipelagos of
Madeira and the
Azores). These countries have
Roman Catholicism as the prevalent religion. This definition, in a larger sense, also includes smaller political entities of
Andorra,
Monaco,
San Marino, and
Vatican City (all of these states are members of the
Latin Union except the
Holy See that has permanent observer status), along with adjacent
Wallonia (in
Belgium),
Romandy and
Italian- and
Romansh-speaking Switzerland.
Istria county in
Croatia and Italian-speaking municipalities of
Slovenia, often seen linguistically and culturally integral with neighbouring Italy. On the other hand, in particular contexts, the usage of "Latin Europe" may well be ambiguous such as inclusion of
Israel.
'
Romania' and '
Moldova' both speak
Romanian, a Romance language but are located far from the core of Latin Europe, surrounded by "
Slavic Europe" and
Hungary. However, these countries have shown conscious enthusiasm for recognition as parts of Latin Europe, historically expressed in official regulation of
Latin Romanian script in
1860, Romanian spelling reform in
1993, and installation of the Latin script for the
Romanian language in Moldova. Both of these countries are, currently, full members of the Latin Union, and Romanian is an official language of that organisation.
Dalmatia, with its own (now extinct) Romance language
Dalmatian, may also be mentioned.
Linguistically speaking the first mentioned languages (Spanish, French, Italian, Catalan and Portuguese), as well as Dalmatian, belong to the western branch of the Romance languages, while Romanian and Aromanian (speaken in the southern part of the Balkan peninsula) belong to the eastern branch.
Exceptions
Note that some parts of the countries on the map have non-Romance languages and cultural traits distinct from most of Latin Europe:
★
Alsace-Moselle and
French Flanders in France have mostly Germanic roots
★
South Tyrol in
Italy is a predominantly German-speaking area, with German as an official language alongside Italian
★
Brittany in France is considered as a "
Celtic nation"
★ Some parts of the Italian region of
Friuli-Venezia Giulia are Slovenian-speaking, with
Slovenian having the status of official language alongside Italian and
Friulian
★
Basque is a co-official language in the autonomous regions of
Basque Country and parts of
Navarre in Spain. The neighbouring French region of ''
Pays Basque'' shows a Basque identity, even if Basque language is spoken by few.
★
Transylvania in Romania, in addition to its Romanian-speaking majority, is also home to a substantial
Hungarian minority. In fact, Transylvania's
Székely Land has a Hungarian majority.
Although very much in decline, French and Norman language have some official status in the
Channel Islands. In the case of
Jersey, this includes
Jersey Law French, and
Jerriais, and in the case of the
Bailiwick of Guernsey, there is also law French there, in addition to
Guernesais and
Sercquais. French was an official language of
Alderney until the late 1960s.
Aromanian is an official language in
Macedonia and is also taught to pupils in schools in
Albania.
| | | | |
| | | | |
| ''Notable Latin Europeans'' |
Population
Demographics
Language
''See Article:
Latin peoples (linguistic)''
'Latin languages' (sometimes referred to as Romance languages) are a branch of the
Indo-European language family, comprising all the languages that descend from
Latin, the language of the
Roman Empire. They have more than 700 million native speakers worldwide, mainly in the
Americas,
Europe, and
Africa, as well as in many smaller regions scattered through the world.
All Romance languages descend from
Vulgar Latin, the language of soldiers, settlers and merchants of the
Roman Empire, which was somewhat different from the
Classical Latin of the Roman literati. As a result, the group shares several linguistic features that set it apart from other Indo-European branches.
Religion
Of the entire region of Latin Europe
Roman Catholicism represents 80% of the population and the Catholic Church's worldwide recorded membership at the end of 2005 was 1,114,966,000. In Romania and Moldova, the dominant religion is
Eastern Orthodoxy.
===
France===
A
variety of religions are practised in France, as freedom of religion is a constitutional right, although some religious doctrines such as
Scientology,
Children of God, the
Unification Church, and the
Order of the Solar Temple are considered as cults. According to a January 2007 poll:
[1][2]
★ 51% of people polled identified as being
Catholics.
★ 31% of those polled declared being
agnostics or
atheists. (Another poll
[3] concluded that 27% identified as being atheists.)
★ 10% of those polled identified as being from other religions or being without opinion.
★ 4% identified as
Muslim.
★ 3% as
Protestant.
★ 1% as
Jewish.
===
Italy===
Roman Catholicism is by far the largest religion in the country. Although the Catholic Church is no longer officially the
state religion, it still plays a role in the nation's political affairs, partly due to the
Holy See's location in Rome. 87.8% of Italians identified as
Roman Catholic [2], although only about one-third of these described themselves as active members (36.8%).
Other
Christian groups in Italy include more than 700,000
Eastern Orthodox Christians [3], including 470,000 newcomers and some 180,000
Greek Orthodox, 550,000
Pentecostals and
Evangelicals (0.8%), of whom 400,000 are members of the
Assemblies of God, 235,685
Jehovah's Witnesses (0.04%)
[5], 30,000
Waldensians [6], 25,000
Seventh-day Adventists, 22,000
Mormons, 15,000
Baptists (plus some 5,000 Free Baptists), 7,000
Lutherans, 5,000
Methodists (affiliated to the Waldensian Church)
[7].
===
Romania===
''Main article:
Religion in Romania''
Romania is a secular state, thus having no national religion. The majority of the country's citizens are, however, members of the Romanian
Orthodox Church, with 86.7% of the country's population identifying as Orthodox in the 2002 census. Other important religions include the
Roman Catholicism (4.7%),
Protestantism (3.7%),
Pentecostal denominations (1.5%) and the Romanian
Greek-Catholic Church (0.9%). Romania also has a small but historically significant
Muslim minority, concentrated in Dobrogea, who are mostly of Turkish ethnicity and number 67,500 people. Based on the 2002 census data, there are also approximately 6,000 Jews and 23,105 people who are of no religion and/or atheist.
===
Portugal===
Portuguese society is overwhelmingly
Roman Catholic. Approximately 90% of the population consider themselves Roman Catholic,
[4] but only about one-third attend
Mass and receive the
sacraments regularly. Yet a larger number wish to be baptized, married in the Church, and receive
Last Rites.
===
Spain===
Roman Catholicism is the main religion in the country. About 76% of Spaniards self-identify as Catholics, about 2% with another religious faith, and about 19% identify as non-believers or atheists. A study conducted in October 2006 by the Spanish Centre of Sociological Investigations shows that from the 76% of Spaniards who identify as Catholics or other religious faith, 54% hardly ever or never go to church, 15% go to church some times a year, 10% some time per month and 19% every Sunday or multiple times per week. About 22% of the whole Spanish population attend religious services at least once a month.
Spain is also renowned in the world for its Holy Week traditions.
Seville,
Malaga and San Fernado in
Cadiz, see the most glamorous celebrations, while those of
Castilla y Leon see the more sombre and solemn events.
Culture
''Main article:
Culture of France''
'French Culture' is very rich and diverse, reflecting regional differences as well as the influence of immigration.
France plays since centuries an important worldwide role as a cultural center, with Paris as a world center of
high culture.
''Main article:
Culture of Italy''
'Italian Culture' can be found in the Roman ruins remaining in much of the country, the precepts of the
Roman Catholic Church, the spirit of the
Renaissance and the
Enlightenment, the
architecture. It can also be tasted in Italy's
food.
''Main article:
Culture of Romania''
'Romanian Culture' is rich and varied. Like Romanians themselves, it is fundamentally defined as the meeting point of three regions: Central Europe, Eastern Europe, and the Balkans, but cannot be fully included in any of them. The Romanian identity formed on a substratum of mixed Roman and quite possibly Dacian elements (although the latter is controversial), with many other influences. During late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, the major influences came from the Slavic peoples who migrated and settled in nearby Bulgaria, Serbia, Ukraine and eventually Poland and Russia; from medieval Greeks and the Byzantine Empire; from a long domination by the Ottoman Empire; from the Hungarians; and from the Germans living in Transylvania. Modern Romanian culture emerged and developed over roughly the last 250 years under a strong influence from Western culture, particularly French and German culture.
''Main article:
Culture of Portugal''
'Portuguese Culture' is rooted in the
Latin culture of
Ancient Rome, with a
Celtiberian background (a mixture of pre-Roman Celts and Iberian). Portugal has a rich traditional folklore (Ranchos Folclóricos), with great regional variety.
''Main article:
Culture of Spain'' & ''Main article:
Hispanic culture''
'Spanish culture' has roots in
Celtiberian,
Latin,
Roman Catholicism, and an ongoing tension between the centralized state (dominated in recent centuries by Castile) and numerous regions and minority peoples. In addition, the history of the nation and its Mediterranean and Atlantic environment have played strong roles in shaping its culture.
Music and dance
Sevilliana, Belen Maya
''Spanish
Folk Dance & Music:'' The best-known variety of Spanish folk music is probably
flamenco such as well known dancer Belen Maya, a diverse genre created by Andalusian
Roma. Flamenco has been known since at least the
1770s, and has been through several cycles of dwindling popularity and rebirth. The style has produced many of the most famous Spanish musicians, including singer
Camarón de la Isla and guitarist
Carlos Montoya.
Outside of flamenco, regional Spanish folk music includes the distinct Basque
trikitixa and
accordion music, Galician and Asturian
gaita (
bagpipe) and Aragonese
jota.
Fado Singer Débora Rodrigues
'Fado' (translated as destiny or fate) is a
music genre which can be traced from the
1820s in
Portugal, but probably with much earlier origins. It is characterized by mournful tunes and lyrics, often about the sea or the life of the poor. The music is usually linked to the
Portuguese word ''
saudade'', a unique word with no accurate translation in any other language . (Home-sickness has an approximate meaning. It is a kind of longing, and conveys a complex mixture of mainly nostalgia, but also sadness, pain, happiness and love).
''Portuguese Folk Dance:'' include:
Circle dance,
Fandango (of the
Ribatejo region),
Two Steps Waltz,
Schottische (Chotiça),
Corridinho (of the
Algarve and
Estremadura regions),
Vira (of the
Minho region),
Bailarico, Vareirinha, Malhão, Vareira, Maneio, Vira de Cruz, Vira Solto, Vira de Macieira, Sapatinho, Tau-Tau, Ciranda, Zé que Fumas, Regadinho, O Pedreiro and Ó Ti Tirititi. There are also variations of these dances called the Xama-Rita in the
Azores.
Economy
Gallery
See also
★
Roman Empire
★
Western Roman Empire
★
Latin peoples (linguistic)
★
Latin Right
★
Latin Cup
★
Romance copula
★
Germanic Europe
★
Slavic Europe
★
South Europe
★
Latin America
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