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'Kokand' (alternative spellings: 'Khokand', 'Khoqand'; Uzbek: 'Quqon'; Russian: Коканд; :Куканд/کوکند ;Chagatai: خوقند) is a city in Fergana Province in eastern Uzbekistan, at the southwestern edge of the Fergana Valley. It has a population of 192,500 (1999 census estimate). Kokand is 228 km southeast of Tashkent, 115 km west of Andijan, and 88 km west of Fergana. It is nicknamed “City of Winds”, or sometimes “Town of the Boar". It is located at at an altitude of 409 meters.
Kokand is on the crossroads of the ancient trade routes, at the junction of two main routes into the Fergana Valley, one leading northwest over the mountains to Tashkent, and the other west through Khujand. As a result, Kokand is the main transportation junction in the Fergana Valley.

Contents

History

Economy

Tourist sights

References

History

Kokand has existed since at least the 10th century, under the name of 'Khavakend' and was frequently mentioned in traveler’s accounts of the caravan route between India and China. The Mongols destroyed Kokand in the 13th century.
The present city began as a fort in 1732 on the site of another older fortress called 'Eski-Kurgan'. In 1740, it became the capital of an Uzbek kingdom, the Khanate of Kokand, which reached as far as Qyzylorda to the west and Bishkek to the northeast. Kokand was also the major religious center of the Fergana Valley, boasting more than 300 mosques.
Russian imperial forces under Mikhail Skobelev captured the city in 1876 which then became part of Russian Turkistan. It was the capital of the short-lived (1917–18) anti-Bolshevik Provisional Government of Autonomous Turkistan (also known as Kokand Autonomy).^[1]

Economy

Kokand is a center for the manufacture of fertilizers, chemicals, machinery, and cotton and food products. Over the last two decades, new districts and public buildings have appeared in the city with intense growth of individual houses, shops, cafes, restaurants and other private sector ventures. Kokand is also an educational center with 1 institute, and 9 colleges and Lyceums, and numerous museums.

Tourist sights

★ Palace of Khudayar Khan – built 1863-1873, one of the largest & most opulent palaces in Central Asia. 19 of the original 113 rooms survive, and are now a museum.

★ Jummi Mosque – a Friday mosque built in 1800-1812, and reopened in 198, it can hold 10,000 worshippers.

★ Amin Beg Madrassah – built in 1813

★ Dakhma-I-Shokhon – necropolis of the Kokand Khans from the 1830s

★ Khamza Museum – dedicated to Kokand’s foremost Soviet hero, 'Hamza Hakimzade Niyazi' (1889-1929), Bolshevik propagandist, first national poet of Soviet Uzbekistan and founder of Soviet Uzbek literature.

References

1. Adeeb Khalid. ''The Politics of Muslim Cultural Reform, Jadidism in Central Asia,'' Oxford University Press, 2000.