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Of the first historically verifiable 'rulers of Frisia', whether they are called dukes or kings, the dynasty below is established by the chronicles of Merovingian kings, with whom they were contemporaries.
In these contemporary chronicles, they were styled ''dux'', a Latin term for leader which is the origin of the title ''duke'' and its cognates in other languages (''duc'', ''duce'', ''doge'', ''duque'', etc). They were independent until the death of Radbod at the earliest.
Finn, son of Folcwald, is a semi-legendary figure, but J. R. R. Tolkien (''Finn and Hengest'') is convinced that he was a historical ruler in the 5th century. He was killed by Hengest, who later migrated to Britain and founded the Kingdom of Kent.
In the early 16th century Pier Gerlofs Donia, a legendary Frisian folk hero and freedom fighter, declared himself King of the Frisians, but died without succesors (his rebellion had been overrun, and the members of his war band, the Arumer Black Heap, were killed). After him, no man has ever assumed the title again.
'Kings' (sometimes described as 'Dukes')

★ Finn, son of Folcwald

★ Sibbelt

★ Ritzard

★ Aldegisel I d. 680 (contemporary of Theuderic III)

★ Radbod 680-719 (contemporary of Childebert III)

★ Poppo (or Aldegisel II) 719-734 (contemporary of Theuderic IV)

★ Harald Klak

★ Godfrid Haraldsson

★ Godafrid

★ Pier Gerlofs Donia 1504-1519, self-declared King of the Frisians

Contents

Apocryphal Chronicles

See also

References

Apocryphal Chronicles

The 17th century chronicle ''Frisia seu de viris rebusque illustribus'', by Martinus Hamconius, purported to list the ancient kings of Frisia, beginning with Friso who had allegedly migrated from India during the time of Alexander the Great. A 19th century work, the ''Oera Linda Book'' (authorship uncertain), embellished these stories further by describing an ancient and glorious history for the Frisians extending back thousands of years, when they were supposedly ruled over by matriarchs known as Folk Mothers.
'Divine Ancestress' (according to the ''Oera Linda Book'')

★ Frya ?-2194 BC
'Folk Mothers' (according to the ''Oera Linda Book'')

★ Fasta 2194-after 2145 BC

★ Medea

★ Thiania

★ Hellenia

★ (unknown)

★ Minna fl. 2013 BC

★ (unknown)

★ Rosamond 1631-? BC

★ Hellicht fl. 1621 BC

★ (unknown)

★ Frana ?-590 BC

★ Adela (''de facto'') 590-559 BC

★ (no Folk Mother)

★ Gosa 306-before 264 BC

★ (no Folk Mother)

★ Prontlik fl. c. 60 BC
'Kings' (according to Martinus Hamconius)

★ Friso 313-245 BC (''Oera Linda Book'': Adel I Friso (''de facto'') 304-264 BC)

★ Adel 245-151 BC (''Oera Linda Book'': Adel II Atharik 264-? BC)

★ Ubbo 151-71 BC (''Oera Linda Book'': Adel III Ubbo)

★ Asinga Ascon 71 BC-AD 11 (''Oera Linda Book'': Adel IV Asega Askar, or 'Black Adel')

★ Diocarus Segon 11-46 (? Malorix)

★ Dibbaldus Segon 46-85 (? Verritus)

★ Tabbo 85-130
'Dukes' (according to Martinus Hamconius)

★ Asconius 130-173

★ Adelboldus 173-187

★ Titus Boiocalus 187-240

★ Ubbo 240-299

★ Haron Ubbo 299-335

★ Odilbaldus 335-360

★ Udolphus Haron 360-392
'Kings' (according to Martinus Hamconius)

★ Richardus Uffo 392-435 (? Finn Folcwalding)

★ Odilbaldus 435-470 (? Sibbelt)

★ Richoldus 470-533 (? Ritzard)

★ Beroaldus 533-590 (? Audulf)

★ Adgillus I 590-672 (Aldegisel I ?-680)

★ Radbodus I 672-723 (Radbod I 680-719)

★ Adgillus II 723-737 (Aldegisel II, or Poppo 719-734)

★ Gondobaldus 737-749 (Gundebold)

★ Radbodus II 749-775 (Radbod II)
In 775 the Franks under Charlemagne took control of what remained of Frisian territory and incorporated it into their kingdom, forcibly converting the Frisians to Christianity.

See also

★ List of Counts of Ostfriesland

References

★ Petz, G.H. (ed). ''MGH Scriptures''. (Hanover, 1892).