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'Kauai' (Hawaiian IPA pron.: ; Kauai-Niihau dialect: ; usually spelled 'Kauai' outside the Hawaiian Islands and pronounced ) is the oldest and fourth largest of the main Hawaiian Islands, having an area of 1,430.4 km² (552.3 sq mi).^[1] Known also as the "Garden Isle", Kauai lies 105 miles (170 kilometers) across the Kauai Channel, northwest of Oahu. Of volcanic origin, the highest peak on this mountainous island is Kawaikini at 1,598 m (5,243 ft).^[2] The second highest peak is Mount Waialeale near the center of the island, 1,570 m (5,148 ft) above sea level. One of the wettest spots on Earth, with an annual average rainfall of 460 inches (11,700 millimeters), is located on the east side of Mount Waialeale. The high annual rainfall has eroded deep valleys in the central mountain, carving out canyons with many scenic waterfalls.
There is no known meaning behind the name of Kauai. Native Hawaiian tradition indicates the name's origin in the legend of Hawaiiloa — the Polynesian navigator attributed with discovery of the Hawaiian Islands. The story relates how he named the island of Kauai after a favorite son; therefore a possible translation of Kauai is "place around the neck", meaning how a father would carry a favorite child. In South Africa, a health food and drink franchise is named after the island [1].
The United States Census Bureau defines Kauai as Census Tracts 401 through 409 of Kauai County, Hawaii, which is all of the county except for the islands of Kaula, Lehua, and Niihau. The 2000 census population of Kauai (the island) was 58,303. ^[3]

Contents

History

Important towns and cities

Places of interest

See also

External links

Notes

References

History

During the reign of King Kamehameha, the islands of Kauai and Niihau were the last Hawaiian Islands to join his Kingdom of Hawaii. Their ruler, Kaumualii, resisted Kamehameha for years. King Kamehameha twice prepared a huge armada of ships and canoes to take the islands by force and twice failed; once due to a storm, and once due to an epidemic. In the face of the threat of a further invasion, however, Kaumualii decided to join the kingdom without bloodshed, and became Kamehameha's vassal in 1810, ceding the island to the Kingdom of Hawaii upon his death.

The city of Līhue, on the island's southeast coast, is the seat of Kauai County and the second largest city on the island. Kapaa, on the "Coconut Coast" (site of an old coconut plantation) about 6 miles north of Līhue, has a population of nearly 10,000, or about 50% greater than Līhue. Waimea, once the capital of Kauai on the island's southwest side, was the first place in Hawaii visited by British explorer Captain James Cook in 1778. Waimea town is located at the mouth of the Waimea River, whose flow formed one of the most scenic canyons in the world. At 3000 ft (900 m) deep, Waimea Canyon has been called "The Grand Canyon of the Pacific".
1992's Hurricane Iniki may have caused an indirect change in Kauai's ecosystem. Some say a chicken farm was destroyed, causing all of the chickens to roam free that one may see today. Others say that sugarcane plantation laborers in the late 1800s and early 1900s brought and raised chickens (for eating and cockfighting) and many got loose over the years and multiplied. Whatever their original source, Kauai is now home to thousands of wild roosters and hens, roaming the island with few natural predators. Wild roosters have been known to disturb evening quiet time at odd hours with their crowing. Currently, the Humane Society is investigating the death of large numbers of Kauai chickens. The deaths are most likely due to baterial infections caused by over-population [2].

The island of Kauai has been featured in many Hollywood movies, and even on television, including the musical "South Pacific" and Disney's 2002 animated feature film and television series ''Lilo & Stitch''. Waimea Canyon was used in the filming of the 1993 film ''Jurassic Park''. Parts of the island were also used for the opening scenes of Raiders of the Lost Ark. Other movies filmed here include Six Days Seven Nights and the remake of King Kong. Coco Palms Resort is a famous resort located on this island and many of Elvis' films including Blue Hawaii where filmed here. The resort was damaged in the Hurricane in 1992, but is set to reopen by 2010.
Kauai is home to the U.S. Navy's "Barking Sands" Pacific Missile Range Facility, on the sunny and dry western shore.
Kauai was known for its distinct dialect of the Hawaiian language before it went extinct there. Whereas the standard language today is based on the dialect of Hawaii island, the Kauai dialect was known for pronouncing /k/ as /t/. (In fact, Kauai retained the old pan-Polynesian /t/, while Hawaii has innovated and changed it.) Therefore, the native name for Kauai was 'Tauai', and the major settlement of Kapaa would have been called Tapaa.

Important towns and cities

★ Līhue

★ Hanalei

★ Poipū

★ Koloa

★ Princeville

★ Waimea

★ Wailua

★ Kapaa

★ Haena

★ Kalaheo

★ Eleele

Places of interest

★ Alakai Wilderness Area

★ Allerton Garden

★ Fern Grotto

★ Hanalei Bay

★ Iraivan temple

★ Kee Beach

★ Kokee State Park

★ Limahuli Garden and Preserve

★ McBryde Garden

★ Moir Gardens

★ Na 'Aina Kai Botanical Gardens

★ Nā Pali Coast State Park

★ Spouting Horn

★ Wailua River

★ Waimea Canyon

See also

★ Tourism on Kauai

★ Hurricane Iniki (1992)

★ Lilo and Stitch, in which the isle is rained down by Experiment Pods. It's also the place which Lilo finds them, their "One True Place".

External links

★ Kauai Chamber of Commerce - Essential business information

★ Kauai Visitors Bureau

★ Kauai Beaches

★ Ascents of Waialeale and Kawaikini. Hikes in the Alakai Swamp and Waimea Canyon

Notes

1. Table 5.08 - Land Area of Islands: 2000
2. Table 5.11 - Elevations of Major Summits
3. Census Tracts 401 through 409, Kauai County United States Census Bureau

References

★ Edward Joesting. ''Kauai, the Separate Kingdom''. University of Hawaii Press and Kauai Museum Association. Honolulu. 1984. ISBN 0-8248-1162-3