KABARDINO-BALKARIA

The 'Kabardino-Balkar Republic' (; Kabardian: Къэбэрдей-Балъкъэр Республикэ; Balkar: Къабарты-Малкъар Республика), or 'Kabardino-Balkaria' (), is a federal subject of Russia located in the North Caucasus. The direct romanization of the republic's name in the Russian language is ''Kabardino-Balkarskaya Respublika'', or ''Kabardino-Balkariya''.

Contents

Geography

Time zone

Rivers

Lakes

Mountains

Natural resources

Climate

Administrative divisions

Demographics

History

Politics

Economy

See also

External links

Geography

The republic is situated in the North Caucasus mountains, with plains in the northern part.

★ ''Area'': 12,500 km²

★ ''Borders'':

★
★ ''internal'': Stavropol Krai (N/NE), Republic of North Ossetia-Alania (E/SE/S), Karachay-Cherkess Republic (W/NW)

★
★ ''international'': Georgia (S/SW)

★ ''Highest point'': Mount Elbrus (5,642 m)

★ ''Maximum N->S distance'': 167 km

★ ''Maximum E->W distance'': 123 km

Time zone

Kabardino-Balkaria is located in the Moscow Time Zone (MSK/MSD). UTC offset is +0300 (MSK)/+0400 (MSD).

Rivers

Major rivers include:

★ Terek River (623 km)

★ Malka River (216 km)

★ Cherek River (131 km)

★ Chegem River (102 km)

★ Argudan River

★ Baksan River

★ Kurkuzhin River

★ Lesken River

★ Urukh River

Lakes

There are around one hundred lakes in the Republic, none of which are large. Just over half (fifty-five) are located between the Baksan and Malka Rivers, the largest each of an area of no more than 0.01 km². Some of the lakes are:

★ Tserikkel Lake (area 26,000 m²; depth 368 m)

★ Lower Goluboye Lake

★ Kel-Ketchen Lake (depth 177 m)

★ Upper Goluboye Lake (depth 18 m)

★ Sekretnoye Lake

★ Tambukanskoy Lake (area 1.77 km²; depth 1.5 to 2 m), partially within Stavropol Krai.

Mountains

Mount Elbrus, the highest peak of the North Caucasus and Europe, is located in the republic. Other major mountains include:

★ Mount Dykhtau (5,402 m)

★ Mount Koshkhatau (5,151 m)

★ Mount Shkhara (5,068 m)

★ Pushkin Peak (5,033 m)

★ Mount Mizhergi (5,025 m)

Natural resources

Kabardino-Balkaria's natural resources include molybdenum, tungsten ores, and coal.

Climate

The republic has a continental type climate.

★ ''Average January temperature'': -4°C (plains) to -12°C (mountains).

★ ''Average July temperature'': +23°C (plains) to +4°C (mountains)

★ ''Average annual precipitation'': 500-2,000 mm.

Administrative divisions

Main articles: Administrative divisions of Kabardino-Balkaria

Demographics

★ 'Population': 901,494 (2002)

★
★ ''Urban'': 510,346 (56.6%)

★
★ ''Rural'': 391,148 (43.4%)

★
★ ''Male'': 422,720 (46.9%)

★
★ ''Female'': 478,774 (53.1%)

★ 'Females per 1000 males': 1,133

★ 'Average age': 30.9 years

★
★ ''Urban'': 32.4 years

★
★ ''Rural'': 29.0 years

★
★ ''Male'': 29.1 years

★
★ ''Female'': 32.8 years

★ 'Number of households': 227,922 (with 891,783 people)

★
★ ''Urban'': 144,872 (with 504,085 people)

★
★ ''Rural'': 83,050 (with 387,698 people)

★ 'Vital statistics' (2005)

★
★ ''Births'': 8,991 (birth rate 10.0)

★
★ ''Deaths'': 9,034 (death rate 10.1)

★ 'Ethnic groups'
Kabardino-Balkaria consists of two ethnic territories, one predominantly of Kabardin (speakers of a North-West Caucasian language) and the other predominantly Balkars (speakers of a Turkic language). According to the 2002 Census, Kabardin make up 55.3% of the republic's population, followed by Russians (25.1%) and Balkars (11.6%). Other groups include Ossetians (9,845, or 1.1%), Turks (8,770, or 1.0%), Ukrainians (7,592, or 0.8%), Armenians (5,342, or 0.6%), Koreans (4,722, or 0.5%), Chechens (4,241, or 0.5%), and a host of smaller groups, each accounting for less than 0.5% of the total population.

	census 1926	census 1939	census 1959	census 1970	census 1979	census 1989	census 2002
Kabardins	122,402 (60.0%)	152,237 (42.4%)	190,284 (45.3%)	264,675 (45.0%)	303,604 (45.5%)	364,494 (48.2%)	498,702 (55.3%)
Balkars	33,197 (16.3%)	40,747 (11.3%)	34,088 (8.1%)	51,356 (8.7%)	59,710 (9.0%)	70,793 (9.4%)	104,951 (11.6%)
Russians	15,344 (7.5%)	129,067 (35.9%)	162,586 (38.7%)	218,595 (37.2%)	234,137 (35.1%)	240,750 (31.9%)	226,620 (25.1%)
Ossetians	4,078 (2.0%)	4,608 (1.3%)	6,442 (1.5%)	9,167 (1.6%)	9,710 (1.5%)	9,996 (1.3%)	9,845 (1.1%)
Ukrainians	17,213 (8.4%)	11,142 (3.1%)	8,400 (2.0%)	10,620 (1.8%)	12,139 (1.8%)	12,826 (1.7%)	7,592 (0.8%)
Others	11,772 (5.8%)	21,328 (5.9%)	18,315 (4.4%)	33,790 (5.7%)	47,246 (7.1%)	55,672 (7.4%)	53,784 (6.0%)

History

Main articles: History of Kabardino-Balkaria

Politics

The head of government in Kabardino-Balkaria is the President. The current President is Arsen Kanokov, who has held the position since September 2005.
The parliament of the Repubilc is the Legislative Assembly comprising two chambers with 36 deputies elected for a five year term each—the Council of the Republic and the Council of Representatives.
The Constitution of Kabardino-Balkaria was adopted on September 1, 1997.

Economy

The economy of Kabardino-Balkaria is primarily agricultural, with lumber production and mining. Most of the industry centers on agricultural processing. The fall of the Soviet Union and the outbreak of the various conflicts in the Caucasus have hit the republic hard, causing a collapse in tourism in the region and producing an unemployment level estimated to be as high as 90%. Poverty is reported to be an endemic problem in the republic.

See also

★ Caucasian Avars

External links

★ Official website of the President of the Republic

★ Kabardino-Balkaria Online

★ Information and many links for pages about Kabardino-Balkaria

★ Kabardino-Balkaria information and photo gallery

★ Images of Kabardino-Balkaria

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