'Jeju dialect' (Korean:제주방언/濟州方言) is the dialect used on the island of Jeju in Korea, with the exception of Chuja in Bukjeju County. It differs greatly from the dialects of the mainland, and preserves many archaic words which are lost in them. It is estimated that the Jeju dialect contains over 7,000 loanwords from foreign languages, including about 240 words from Mongolian, 53 words from Chinese, 50 words from Japanese, and 22 words from Manchu.^[1] There are also many words which appear to be original formations (possibly from the language of Tamna).
Another difference is the slightly different intonation of words. The Jeju dialect tends to use more stress on certain syllables.
One large difference is the lack of formality and deference to elders. For example, while a speaker of the Seoul Dialect might say ''annyeonghaseyo'' (“Hello”) to an older person, a speaker of the Jeju dialect would say ''ban-gapsio'' (“How do you do?”). To many mainlanders, a child saying this to an adult would be appalling, but on the islands, a more ‘egalitarian’ form of speech is used.

Contents

Phonemes

Phonological change

Syntax

Vocabulary

External links

Phonemes

There are 9 vowels, ㅣ , ㅔ , ㅐ , ㅡ , ㅓ , ㅏ , ㅜ , ㅗ , ㆍ .

Phonological change

Middle Korean // > Jeju // (e.g. Middle Korean // > Jeju // "wave")
Middle Korean // > Jeju // (e.g. Middle Korean // > Jeju // "crab")

Syntax

Vocabulary

Examples:

English	Jeju dialect (in standard Hangul)	Jeju dialect (in the Revised romanization of Korean [RR])	Standard Korean (in standard Hangul)	Standard Korean (in RR)	Notes
“Welcome!”	혼저옵서예	''honjeo opseoye!''	어서 오세요	''eoseo oseyo!''
“father”	아방	''abang''	아버지	''abeoji''
“mother”	어멍	''eomeong''	어머니	''eomeoni''
“grandfather; old man”	하르방	''hareubang''	할아버지	''harabeoji''
“grandmother; old woman”	할망	''halmang''	할머니	''halmeoni''
“uncle; middle-aged man”	아즈방	''ajeubang''	아저씨, 아주버니	''ajeossi'', ''ajubeoni''
“aunt; middle-aged woman”	아즈망	''ajeumang''	아주머니, 아줌마	''ajumeoni'', ''ajumma''
“elder brother (of a female)”	오라방	''orabang''	오빠, 오라비	''oppa'', ''orabi''
“daughter”	똘	''ttl''	딸	''ttal''
“the wife's father; a man's father-in-law”	가시아방	''gasi-abang''	장인	''jang-in''	Jeju dialect ''gasi-'' as in ''gasi-abang'' is a fossilization of the genitive form of Middle Korean ''gas'' ("wife")
“man”	손아이	''snai''	남자, 사나이	''namja'', ''sanai''
“woman”	지지바이	''jijibai''	여자, 계집애	''yeoja'', ''gyējibae''
“maiden”	비바리	''bibari''	처녀	''cheonyeo''
“not likely”	가물어	''kamureo''	설마	''seolma''
“neck”	야개기	''yagaegi''	목	''mok''
“tree, shrub; wood”	낭	''nang''	나무	''namu''	Stem of the Korean word for "tree, shrub; wood" was ''namg-'' in Middle Korean; note the similarity with Classical Mongolian ''noγoγa(n)'' or ''noγuγa(n)'' and Modern Khalkha Mongolian ''nogaan'' ("green")
“zelkova tree”	굴묵낭	''gulmung-nang''	느티나무	''neuti-namu''
“grass”	태역	''taeyeok''	잔디	''jandi''
“vegetable”	송키	''songki''	채소	''chaeso''	Jeju dialect ''songki'' is similar to Manchu ''sogi'' ("vegetable")
“potato”	지실	''jisil''	감자	''gamja''
“puppy”	강생이	''gangsaeng-i''	강아지	''gang-aji''
“cat”	고냉이	''gonaeng-i''	고양이	''goyang-i''
“roe deer”	노리	''nori''	노루	''noru''
“ax”	도치	''dochi''	도끼	''dōkki''	The word for "ax" appeared variously as ''dosguy'', ''dosgeuy'', or ''dochy'' in Middle Korean
“mountain, hill, (esp.) parasitic cone”	오름	''oreum''	뫼, 메	''moe, me''	Jeju dialect ''oreum'' or ''orm'' is similar to Mongolian ''ula'' ("mountain") and Manchu ''alin'' ("mountain")
“ear of grain”	고고리	''gogori''	이삭	''isak''
“there”	그디	''geudi''	거기	''geogi''	Jeju dialect uses ''-di'' instead of ''-(eo)gi'' to form locational deictic pronouns
“here”	이디	''idi''	여기	''yeogi''
“crab”	깅이	''ging-i''	게	''gē''
“bird”	생이	''sng-i''	새	''s''
“radish”	놈삐 or 무수	''nomppi'' or ''musu''	무우	''muu''	Jeju dialect ''musu'' is cognate with Standard Korean ''muu'' but derived from a different Middle Korean variant. Note similarity with Manchu ''mursa'' ("large, white, globular Chinese radish"). The etymology of Jeju dialect ''nomppi'' is obscure.
“sock”	대비	''daebi''	양말	''yangmal''	Jeju dialect ''daebi'' < Japanese ''tabi'' ("traditional Japanese socks")
“pig”	도새기	''dosaegi''	돼지	''dwji''
“pork”	돗괴기	''dos-goegi''	돼지고기	''dwji-gogi''
“chicken egg”	독새기	''doksaegi''	달걀 or 계란	''dalgyal'' or ''gyeran''
“lettuce”	부루	''buru''	상추	''sangchu''
“change (at the end of a monetary transaction)”	주리	''juri''	거스름돈	''geoseureum-don''	Jeju dialect ''juri'' < Japanese ''tsuri'' (id.)
“wave”	절	''jeol''	물결 or 파도	''mulkkyeol'' or ''pado''	Jeju dialect ''jeol'' < Middle Korean ''gyeol'' (id.); cognate with the second syllable of Standard Korean ''mulkkyeol''
“purple eulalia”	어욱	''eouk''	억새	''eoksae''
“early”	인칙	''inchik''	일찍	''iljjik''
“powder of roast grain”	개역	''gaeyeok''	미숫가루	''misut-garu''
“buckwheat”	모물, 모몰, 모믈	''momul'', ''momol'', ''momeul''	메밀	''memil''
“dust”	몬독	''mondok''	먼지	''meonji''
“chick”	빙애기	''bing-aegi''	병아리	''byeong-ari''
“umbrella”	가사	''gasa''	우산	''usan''	Jeju dialect ''gasa'' is borrowed from Japanese ''kasa'' ("umbrella, parasol; wide-brimmed hat"), whereas Standard Korean ''usan'' is borrowed from Chinese 雨傘 ''yǔsǎn'' ("umbrella").
“walking stick, staff”	몽댕이	''mongdaeng-i''	지팡이	''jipang-i''	Jeju dialect ''mongdaeng-i'' is cognate with Standard Korean ''mongdung-i'' ("club, cudgel, baton, stick").

External links

★ Galbijim wiki page on the Jeju dialect
1. Korean Wikipedia article on the Jeju dialect

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