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'James Maitland Balfour' (5 January 1820 – 23 February 1856), of Whittinghame, Berwickshire, was a Scottish Member of Parliament. He was the father of Prime Minister Arthur Balfour, 1st Earl of Balfour.
Balfour was the son of James Balfour and his wife Lady Eleanor, daughter of James Maitland, 8th Earl of Lauderdale. He served as Member of Parliament for Haddington from 1841 until 1847 and was also Major Commandant of the East Lothian Yeomanry Cavalry, who erected the Balfour Monument in his honour overlooking Traprain Law, 2½ miles (4 km) south west of East Linton in Scotland. Balfour married Lady Blanche Mary Harriet Gascoyne-Cecil, daughter of James Gascoyne-Cecil, 2nd Marquess of Salisbury, on 15 August 1843 (her brother Robert later became Prime Minister of the United Kingdom). They had eight children, five son and three daughters:

★ Evelyn Georgiana Mary Balfour, who married John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh

★ Eleanor Mildred Balfour, who married Henry Sidgwick and was Principal of Newnham College, Cambridge

★ Alice Blanche Balfour

★ Arthur James Balfour, 1st Earl Balfour, Conservative politician and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1902 to 1905

★ Cecil Charles Balfour

★ Francis Maitland Balfour, Professor of Animal Morphology at the University of Cambridge

★ Gerald William Balfour, 2nd Earl Balfour, Conservative politician who served as Chief Secretary for Ireland and President of the Board of Trade

★ Colonel Eustace James Anthony Balfour, an ADC to King Edward VII.
Balfour died of tuberculosis on 23 February 1856 in Funchal, Madeira, aged 36. Lady Blanche Balfour died in 1872.

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References

★ The Peerage