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'James Hamilton, 2nd Marquess of Hamilton, 4th Earl of Arran' KG PC (1589–2 March 1625), styled 'Lord Aven' from 1599 to 1604, was a Scottish politician. He was the son of John Hamilton, 1st Marquess of Hamilton.
He inherited his father's titles and estates in 1604. In 1608 he was created Lord Aberbrothwick, and the following year he inherited the earldom of Arran from his insane and childless uncle James Hamilton. He moved to England with King James VI, and invested into the Somers Isles Company, an offshoot of the Virginia company, buying the shares of Lucy Harrington, Countess of Bedford. The Parish of Hamilton in the Somers Isles (alias Bermuda) is named for him. He was created Earl of Cambridge and Baron of Innerdale in the peerage of England on 16 June 1619. In 1621 he served as Lord High Commissioner to the Parliament of Scotland, the King's representative in the Parliament of Scotland.
In 1603, he married Anne Cunningham, a daughter of James Cunningham, 7th Earl of Glencairn and they had five children:

★ Lady Anne Hamilton, married Hugh Montgomerie, 7th Earl of Eglinton and had issue

★ Lady Margaret Hamilton, married John Lindsay, 17th Earl of Crawford and had issue

★ Lady Mary Hamilton (d. 1633), married James Douglas, 2nd Earl of Queensberry, no issue

★ James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton (1606–1649)

★ William Hamilton, 2nd Duke of Hamilton (1616–1651)
He also had an illegitimate daughter, Margaret (who married John Hamilton, 1st Lord Belhaven and Stenton and had issue) by Anne Stewart, a daughter of Walter Stewart, 1st Lord Blantyre.
Hamilton died on 2 March 1625 at Whitehall, London, from a fever and was buried in the family mausoleum at Hamilton, on 2 September of that year.