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'James Barton Longacre', (August 11, 1794 – January 1, 1869) an American engraver, was the fourth Chief Engraver of the United States Mint from 1844 until his death. He succeeded Christian Gobrecht in the position as Chief Engraver upon Gobrecht's death. Longacre is probably best known for designing the Indian Head cent, but was also responsible for the designs of the Shield nickel, Flying Eagle cent, two-cent piece, silver and nickel three-cent pieces, two different $1 gold pieces, a $3 gold piece, and the first $20 double eagle. From 1833 - 1839, Longacre and James Herring published 'The National Portrait Gallery of Distinguished Americans' presenting portraits and biographical sketches "of the most Eminent Citizens of our country."