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EspañolLIST OF LANGUAGES OF ITALY
(Redirected from Italian dialects)
Italy currently has one national language: Standard Italian. Alongside Italian and its inevitable regional varieties are innumerable local Romance languages, many of which pre-date the establishment of Italian. Many of these languages are different enough from Standard Italian to be considered separate languages by most linguists and many speakers. Quite naturally, they are generally not standardized. Thus a distinction can be made between "dialects -- better termed varieties -- of (Standard) Italian" and "dialects and languages of Italy", the latter essentially a geopolitical term, rather than linguistic.
There are generally three groups of Italian languages: 'Gallo-Italian' (or Northern Italian); 'Italo-Dalmatian' (which includes Standard Italian); and 'Southern Romance'. Sicilian is sometimes classified as 'Extreme Southern Italian'. The linguistic frontier between Northern Italian and Italian proper is sometimes called the La Spezia-Rimini line. Other languages spoken in Italy are not closely related to Standard Italian at all.
Since Italian unification, and especially since the Second World War, the Italian language has become the primary language of most Italians and it has undergone a process of homogenisation. Education and mass media, especially television, have rendered the Italian language accessible to all Italian people. Some argue that the same phenomenon has brought about a simplification and banalisation of the language.
Besides the national language, German has official status in the Province of Bolzano (South Tyrol), and French in the Region of the Aosta Valley.
★ Emiliano-Romagnolo
★
★ Emiliano
★
★ Romagnolo
★ Ligurian
★ Lombard
★
★ Western Lombard (''sometimes also called Insubric or Cisabduano'': ''Lombardo prealpino occidentale'', ''basso Lombardo occidentale'', ''Macromilanese'')
★
★ Eastern Lombard (''sometimes also called Orobic or Transabduano'': ''Lombardo prealpino orientale'', ''basso Lombardo orientale'')
★
★ Intermediate Western-Eastern dialects (''Lombardo alpino'')
★ Piedmontese
★ Venetian
★ Standard French
★ Franco-Provençal
★
★ Faeto
★
★ Valdôtain (Valdoten)
★ Alguerese
★ Occitan
★
★ Provençal
★ Central Italian
★
★ Tuscan - the base of Standard Italian
★
★ Laziale
★
★ Marchigiano
★
★ Romanesco
★
★ Umbrian
★ Neapolitan (Inner Southern Italian)
★
★ Neapolitan of Campania
★
★ Abruzzese
★
★ Molisano
★
★ Lucano
★
★ Pugliese of northern and central Puglia
★
★ Northern Calabrian (Cosentino)
★ Sicilian (Extreme Southern Italian, possibly Southern Romance)
★
★ Sicilian of Sicily
★
★ Salentino of southern Puglia
★
★ Southern Calabrian
★ Italkian ''(Jewish language form; term coined in the mid-20th C. Spoken by a small minority of Jews in Italy.)''
★ Friulian
★ Ladin
★ Nones
★ Solandro
★ Sardinian
★
★ Sardo campidanese
★
★ Sardo logudorese
★
★ Gallurese ''(considered by some authors as a variety of Corsican)''
★
★ Sassarese ''(considered by some authors as a variety of Corsican)''
★ Corsican
★ Arbëresh
★ Standard German
★
★ Bavarian
★
★ Cimbrian
★
★ Walser German
★ Griko
★ Rom
★ Sinti
★ Molise Slavic dialect
★ Slovenian
★ Demographics of Italy
★ European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages
★ Regional language
★ An interactive map of languages and dialects in Italy
★ Ethnologue - Languages of Italy
| Languages of Italy | |
| 'Official language' | Italian |
| 'Official regional languages' | French, German |
| 'Officially recognised minority languages' | Sardinian, Friulian (Rhaeto-Romance), Occitan, Romany, Albanian, Franco-Provençal, Slovenian, Ladin, Griko, Alguerese (Catalan), Croatian |
| 'Unofficial regional and minority languages' | Corsican, Sicilian, Eastern Lombard, Emiliano-Romagnolo, Insubric Lombard, Ligurian, Piedmontese, Venetian, Neapolitan, Arbëresh, Griko, Romany, Sinti, Molise Slavic dialect |
| 'Main immigrant language' | Albanian |
| 'Main foreign languages' | English 29%, French 14%, German 5%Source: [1] |
Map of languages and dialects of Italy
Italy currently has one national language: Standard Italian. Alongside Italian and its inevitable regional varieties are innumerable local Romance languages, many of which pre-date the establishment of Italian. Many of these languages are different enough from Standard Italian to be considered separate languages by most linguists and many speakers. Quite naturally, they are generally not standardized. Thus a distinction can be made between "dialects -- better termed varieties -- of (Standard) Italian" and "dialects and languages of Italy", the latter essentially a geopolitical term, rather than linguistic.
There are generally three groups of Italian languages: 'Gallo-Italian' (or Northern Italian); 'Italo-Dalmatian' (which includes Standard Italian); and 'Southern Romance'. Sicilian is sometimes classified as 'Extreme Southern Italian'. The linguistic frontier between Northern Italian and Italian proper is sometimes called the La Spezia-Rimini line. Other languages spoken in Italy are not closely related to Standard Italian at all.
Since Italian unification, and especially since the Second World War, the Italian language has become the primary language of most Italians and it has undergone a process of homogenisation. Education and mass media, especially television, have rendered the Italian language accessible to all Italian people. Some argue that the same phenomenon has brought about a simplification and banalisation of the language.
Besides the national language, German has official status in the Province of Bolzano (South Tyrol), and French in the Region of the Aosta Valley.
Languages spoken in Italy
Romance languages
Gallo-Italian
★ Emiliano-Romagnolo
★
★ Emiliano
★
★ Romagnolo
★ Ligurian
★ Lombard
★
★ Western Lombard (''sometimes also called Insubric or Cisabduano'': ''Lombardo prealpino occidentale'', ''basso Lombardo occidentale'', ''Macromilanese'')
★
★ Eastern Lombard (''sometimes also called Orobic or Transabduano'': ''Lombardo prealpino orientale'', ''basso Lombardo orientale'')
★
★ Intermediate Western-Eastern dialects (''Lombardo alpino'')
★ Piedmontese
★ Venetian
Gallo-Rhaetian
★ Standard French
★ Franco-Provençal
★
★ Faeto
★
★ Valdôtain (Valdoten)
Ibero-Romance
★ Alguerese
★ Occitan
★
★ Provençal
Italo-Dalmatian
★ Central Italian
★
★ Tuscan - the base of Standard Italian
★
★ Laziale
★
★ Marchigiano
★
★ Romanesco
★
★ Umbrian
★ Neapolitan (Inner Southern Italian)
★
★ Neapolitan of Campania
★
★ Abruzzese
★
★ Molisano
★
★ Lucano
★
★ Pugliese of northern and central Puglia
★
★ Northern Calabrian (Cosentino)
★ Sicilian (Extreme Southern Italian, possibly Southern Romance)
★
★ Sicilian of Sicily
★
★ Salentino of southern Puglia
★
★ Southern Calabrian
Judeo-Italian
★ Italkian ''(Jewish language form; term coined in the mid-20th C. Spoken by a small minority of Jews in Italy.)''
Rhaeto-Romance
★ Friulian
★ Ladin
★ Nones
★ Solandro
Southern Romance
★ Sardinian
★
★ Sardo campidanese
★
★ Sardo logudorese
★
★ Gallurese ''(considered by some authors as a variety of Corsican)''
★
★ Sassarese ''(considered by some authors as a variety of Corsican)''
★ Corsican
Albanian languages
★ Arbëresh
Germanic languages
★ Standard German
★
★ Bavarian
★
★ Cimbrian
★
★ Walser German
Greek languages
★ Griko
Indo-Aryan languages
★ Rom
★ Sinti
Slavic languages
★ Molise Slavic dialect
★ Slovenian
See also
★ Demographics of Italy
★ European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages
★ Regional language
External links
★ An interactive map of languages and dialects in Italy
★ Ethnologue - Languages of Italy
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