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EspañolISIDORE OF KIEV
'Isidore' (Russian: 'Исидор'; Ukrainian:Ісидор; died April 27 1463), a Greek by birth was Metropolitan of Moscow and all Russia. After his death he became known among the anti-Roman Russian Orthodox clergy and grand princes as 'Isidore the Apostate', as he firmly promoted union with the Roman Catholic Church in exchange for military aid for Constantinople, which Russian rulers and most Russian Orthodox clergy condemned.
In 1437, Isidore was appointed Metropolitan of Kiev and Moscow by John VIII Palaeologus to draw the Russian Orthodox Church into Communion with the Roman Catholic Church and secure Constantinople's protection against the invading Ottoman Turks. Grand Prince Vasili II met the new Metropolitan with hostility. However, Isidore managed to convince the Grand Prince to ally with Catholicism for the sake of saving the Byzantine Empire and the Greek Church.
After Isidore had received funding from Vasili II, he went to Florence to attend the continuation of the Council of Basel in 1439. He was made a cardinal-presbyter and a papal legate for the provinces of Lithuania, Livonia, all Russia and Galicia (Poland). During this Council, Isidore fervently defended the union between the Churches of East and West, but he was opposed only by the secular representative from Russia - ambassador Foma (Thomas) of Tver. Finally, the union agreement was signed and Isidore returned to Russia.
The Russian princes denounced the union with Rome, but Isidore persisted. On his return from Italy, during his first Pontifical Divine Liturgy in the Cathedral of the Dormition in the Moscow Kremlin, Isidore had a Catholic crucifix carried in front of the procession, explicitly named the Pope during the prayers of the liturgy, and read aloud the decree of unification. Isidore passed a message to Vasili II from Pope Eugene IV, containing a request to assist the Metropolitan in spreading Catholicism in Russia. Three days later Isidore was arrested by the Tsar and imprisoned in the Chudov Monastery. He was condemned by some Russian clergymen, who were under pressure of Vasili II, for refusing to renounce the union with "heretical Rome".
In September of 1441, Isidor fled to Tver, then to Lithuania and on to Rome. In 1458, he was appointed the titular Patriarch of Constantinople.
★ Byzantine scholars in Renaissance
★ Исидор (митрополит) in online Russian Biographical Dictionary (in Russian)
'Isidore of Thessalonica'
In 1437, Isidore was appointed Metropolitan of Kiev and Moscow by John VIII Palaeologus to draw the Russian Orthodox Church into Communion with the Roman Catholic Church and secure Constantinople's protection against the invading Ottoman Turks. Grand Prince Vasili II met the new Metropolitan with hostility. However, Isidore managed to convince the Grand Prince to ally with Catholicism for the sake of saving the Byzantine Empire and the Greek Church.
After Isidore had received funding from Vasili II, he went to Florence to attend the continuation of the Council of Basel in 1439. He was made a cardinal-presbyter and a papal legate for the provinces of Lithuania, Livonia, all Russia and Galicia (Poland). During this Council, Isidore fervently defended the union between the Churches of East and West, but he was opposed only by the secular representative from Russia - ambassador Foma (Thomas) of Tver. Finally, the union agreement was signed and Isidore returned to Russia.
The Russian princes denounced the union with Rome, but Isidore persisted. On his return from Italy, during his first Pontifical Divine Liturgy in the Cathedral of the Dormition in the Moscow Kremlin, Isidore had a Catholic crucifix carried in front of the procession, explicitly named the Pope during the prayers of the liturgy, and read aloud the decree of unification. Isidore passed a message to Vasili II from Pope Eugene IV, containing a request to assist the Metropolitan in spreading Catholicism in Russia. Three days later Isidore was arrested by the Tsar and imprisoned in the Chudov Monastery. He was condemned by some Russian clergymen, who were under pressure of Vasili II, for refusing to renounce the union with "heretical Rome".
In September of 1441, Isidor fled to Tver, then to Lithuania and on to Rome. In 1458, he was appointed the titular Patriarch of Constantinople.
| Contents |
| See also |
| References |
See also
★ Byzantine scholars in Renaissance
References
★ Исидор (митрополит) in online Russian Biographical Dictionary (in Russian)
'Isidore of Thessalonica'
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