INFORMATION FLOW

:''For other meanings of equivocation, see Information flow (disambiguation).''
In discourse-based grammatical theory, 'information flow' is any tracking of referential information by speakers. Information flow affects grammatical structures such as

★ word order (topic, focus, and afterthought constructions)

★ active, passive, or middle voice

★ choice of deixis, such as articles; proximal, medial, and distal deictics such as Spanish ''este, ese, aquel'', are often determined by the familiarity of a referent as much as by physical distance

★ overtness of information, such as whether an argument of a verb is indicated by a lexical noun phrase, a pronoun, or not mentioned at all.