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The 'Independent-Socialist' line appeared on the ballot in the 1956 New York state election. Led by the candidacy of John McManus, one of the founders of the leftist ''National Guardian'' newspaper, for Governor of New York, the line hoped to retain the support of the former American Labor Party among left-wing voters; however, it received only about 35,000 votes statewide and was thus not allowed a line in future elections.