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EspañolINDEPENDENCE PARTY (PALESTINE)
The 'Independence Party' (''Hizb al-Istiqlal'') was a radical Arab nationalist party established on 13 August, 1932[1] in Palestine during the British mandate. Its origins lay in the Istiqlal movement associated with the short-lived Sharifian government in Damascus.[2]
The rise of the party marked the turn by the Palestinians to mass resistance to the Zionist project and its British patrons.[3] During the 1936-1939 Great Arab Revolt the party called for an Indian Congress Party-style boycott of the British.[4] The leader of the party Awni Abd al-Hadi[5] was General Secretary of the Arab Higher Committee. The other founders of the party were Fahmi al-Abboushi, Muhammad Izzat Darwazah, Mu'in al-Madi, Akram Zu'aytir, Rashid al-Hajj Ibrahim, Subhi al-Khadra and Salim Salamah.[6][7]
1. Choueiri, 2000, p. 93.
2. Pappé, 1999, p. 147.
3. Bashir Abu-Manneh, In Palestine, a Dream Deferred, ''The Nation'', December 18, 2006.
4. Khalidi, 2001, p. 25.
5. Khalidi, 1997, p. 220.
6. Kedourie, 1974, p. 52.
7. Hassassian, 1990, p. 129.
★ Choueiri, Youssef M. (2000). ''Arab Nationalism: Nation and State in the Arab World''. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 0631217290
★ Hassassian, Manuel Sarkis (1990). ''Palestine: Factionalism in the National Movement, 1919-1939''. Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs.
★ Kedourie, Elie (1974). ''Arabic Political Memoirs and Other Studies''. London: Routledge. ISBN 0714630411
★ Khalidi, Rashid (1997). ''Palestinian Identity: The Construction of Modern National Consciousness''. Columbia University Press. ISBN 0231105142
★ Khalidi, Rashid (2001). The Palestinians and 1948: the underlying causes of failure. In Eugene L. Rogan and Avi Shlaim (Eds.). ''The War for Palestine: Rewriting the History of 1948''(pp. 12-36). Cambridge. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521794765
★ Pappé, Ilan (1999). ''The Israel/Palestine Question''. London: Routledge. ISBN 041516947X
The rise of the party marked the turn by the Palestinians to mass resistance to the Zionist project and its British patrons.[3] During the 1936-1939 Great Arab Revolt the party called for an Indian Congress Party-style boycott of the British.[4] The leader of the party Awni Abd al-Hadi[5] was General Secretary of the Arab Higher Committee. The other founders of the party were Fahmi al-Abboushi, Muhammad Izzat Darwazah, Mu'in al-Madi, Akram Zu'aytir, Rashid al-Hajj Ibrahim, Subhi al-Khadra and Salim Salamah.[6][7]
| Contents |
| Notes |
| References |
Notes
1. Choueiri, 2000, p. 93.
2. Pappé, 1999, p. 147.
3. Bashir Abu-Manneh, In Palestine, a Dream Deferred, ''The Nation'', December 18, 2006.
4. Khalidi, 2001, p. 25.
5. Khalidi, 1997, p. 220.
6. Kedourie, 1974, p. 52.
7. Hassassian, 1990, p. 129.
References
★ Choueiri, Youssef M. (2000). ''Arab Nationalism: Nation and State in the Arab World''. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 0631217290
★ Hassassian, Manuel Sarkis (1990). ''Palestine: Factionalism in the National Movement, 1919-1939''. Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs.
★ Kedourie, Elie (1974). ''Arabic Political Memoirs and Other Studies''. London: Routledge. ISBN 0714630411
★ Khalidi, Rashid (1997). ''Palestinian Identity: The Construction of Modern National Consciousness''. Columbia University Press. ISBN 0231105142
★ Khalidi, Rashid (2001). The Palestinians and 1948: the underlying causes of failure. In Eugene L. Rogan and Avi Shlaim (Eds.). ''The War for Palestine: Rewriting the History of 1948''(pp. 12-36). Cambridge. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521794765
★ Pappé, Ilan (1999). ''The Israel/Palestine Question''. London: Routledge. ISBN 041516947X
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