'Hurricane Rita' was the fourth-most intense
Atlantic hurricane ever recorded and the most intense
tropical cyclone ever observed in the
Gulf of Mexico. Rita caused $11.3 billion in damage on the
U.S. Gulf Coast in September 2005.
[1] Rita was the seventeenth named storm, tenth hurricane, fifth major hurricane, and third Category 5 hurricane of the
2005 Atlantic hurricane season.
Rita made landfall on
September 24 at Johnson's Bayou in
Louisiana, near the border with
Texas, as a Category 3 hurricane on the
Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. It continued on through parts of southeast Texas. The
storm surge caused extensive damage along the Louisiana and extreme southeastern
Texas coasts and completely destroyed some coastal communities. The storm killed seven people directly; many others died in evacuations and from indirect effects.
[2]
__TOC__
Storm history
The storm system that became Rita formed at the tail of an old frontal boundary, where convection and low-level circulation around an upper-level
low developed steadily for over two days. A surface low formed near the disturbance, and the season's 18th tropical depression soon formed east of the
Turks and Caicos. Less than a day after forming, the depression became the 17th tropical storm of the season on
September 18 and was named Rita. A mandatory evacuation was ordered for the entire
Florida Keys.
Rita was slow to become a hurricane;
National Hurricane Center (NHC) reports early on
September 20 estimated the storm's sustained surface winds at hurricane force (75 mph or 120 km/h). However, Rita lacked a complete
eyewall; forecasters identified Rita as a tropical storm with 70 mph (110 km/h) winds overnight. Aircraft observations released at 9:45 a.m. EDT showed a closed eyewall and winds clearly at hurricane strength. Four hours later, the NHC reported that Rita had reached Category 2 hurricane strength, with 100 mph (160 km/h) maximum sustained winds.
Warm water in the Gulf of Mexico, 1 °F (0.5 °C) above average, favored storm intensification. As Rita entered the Gulf, rapid intensification began. National Hurricane Center advisories issued every three hours each showed strengthening from 5 p.m. EDT on
September 20 to 11 a.m. EDT on
September 21, when Rita's maximum sustained winds increased to 140 mph (225 km/h). Rita continued to gain strength unabated. An update at 2:15 p.m. CDT (1815 UTC) said maximum winds had increased to 150 mph (240 km/h) and Rita's minimum pressure was 920 mbar (
hPa). Less than two hours later, at 3:55 p.m. CDT, another update reported that Rita had strengthened to a Category 5 hurricane, with maximum wind speeds of 165 mph (265 km/h). At 6:50 p.m. CDT, a
reconnaissance aircraft recorded pressure of 899 mbar (
hPa) away from the storm's center; the actual central pressure was thought to be lower still. At 10 p.m. CDT, Rita reached its maximum intensity, with sustained winds of 180 mph (290 km/h) and an estimated minimum pressure of 895 mbar (
hPa), (26.43 in Hg).
Hurricane Rita making its final landfall
Hurricane Rita's rapid intensification may in part be attributed to its passage over the
Gulf Loop Current and Eddy Vortex.
(NASA animation showing the storm track before landfall)
Lt. Col. Warren Madden, a
Hurricane Hunter and
meteorologist for
The Weather Channel, recorded a peak wind gust of 235 mph (380 km/h) while flying in the eye of the storm, and called Rita "the strongest storm that I've ever been in." Rita's intense winds destroyed or disabled several
buoy-based weather stations.
Rita made landfall between
Sabine Pass, Texas, and
Johnson's Bayou, Louisiana, at 02:38 CDT (07:38 UTC) on September 24, 2005 as a category 3 Hurricane with winds at 115 mph. Rita lost both hurricane and tropical storm status the day of landfall. Rita's remnants — technically an extensive low pressure area — moved quickly out of the lower
Mississippi Valley and were absorbed by a cold front. The
Hydrometeorological Prediction Center ceased monitoring Tropical Depression Rita early on
September 26.
Preparations
Louisiana
Before Rita, the mayor of New Orleans,
Ray Nagin, had planned to begin reopening the city after the damage caused by Hurricane Katrina on
September 19.
[3] However, as Rita developed in the Gulf of Mexico, the reopening was cancelled and a re-evacuation of the city was initiated on
September 21 as the storm was initially forecast to make landfall much closer to the city. Although Rita remained well to the south and west of New Orleans, a pre-landfall
storm surge overwhelmed a levee of the Industrial Canal protecting the lower
9th Ward [4], a part of a fragile and already compromised levee system as
repairs continued. At landfall, more parts of the levee wall were breached causing major reflooding in New Orleans. The original breaches had occurred a month earlier as a result of
Hurricane Katrina.
[5]
In addition, residents of
Cameron Parish,
Calcasieu Parish, and parts of
Jefferson Davis Parish,
Acadia Parish,
Iberia Parish, and
Vermillion Parish were told to evacuate ahead of the storm.
Texas
Texas Governor Rick Perry recalled all emergency personnel, including almost 1,200
Texas National Guard and 1,100
Texas State Guard members from
Katrina recovery efforts, and several hundred Texas Game Wardens in anticipation of Hurricane Rita's arrival.
[6] On
September 22, Governor Perry and the Texas Department of Transportation implemented a
contraflow lane reversal on
Interstate 45 north towards
Dallas, on
Interstate 10 west towards
San Antonio,
U.S. Highway 290 northwest to
Austin.
Officials in
Galveston County (which includes the city of
Galveston), which was devastated by the
Galveston Hurricane of 1900, ordered mandatory evacuations, effective
September 21 at 6 p.m., in a staggered sequence setting different zones in the area which were due to leave at different times over 24 hours, well in advance of the storm's possible landfall later in the week but not enough in advance to ensure that all residents could evacuate safely in advance of the storm. Nonetheless, many residents remained in the county because they were either unaware of the danger of the storm or believed that it was more important to protect their belongings, particularly in the wake of looting following Hurricane Katrina. The evacuation included transfer of all inpatients from the University of Texas Medical Branch hospital to other regional hospitals. Thirty-one patients, including two on ventilators were prisoners under the ward of the Texas Department of Corrections. These patients were systematically transferred to the University of Texas Health Center at Tyler.
Officials of Harris County hoped that the designation of zones A, B, and C would be able to prevent bottlenecks leaving the area such as those seen out of New Orleans prior to
Katrina and
Hurricane Dennis this year. Also, different zones were to be forced to go to certain cities in Texas and were not allowed to exit their designated routes except for food and gas - another feature of the evacuation plan which hoped to keep traffic and flow orderly throughout this timeframe. These evacuation-destination cities included
Austin,
College Station,
San Antonio,
Dallas,
Huntsville, and
Lufkin, Texas. The Weather Channel also reported that evacuees were asked to try hotels in the
Midland/
Odessa area when hotels began to sell out in other areas.
Motorists stranded on
Highway 60 during Hurricane Rita evacuation.
On Wednesday,
Houston mayor
Bill White urged residents to evacuate the city, telling residents, "Don't wait; the time for waiting is over," reminding residents of the disaster in New Orleans. After heavy traffic snarled roads leading out of town and gas shortages left numerous vehicles stranded, he backed off his earlier statement with, "If you're not in the evacuation zone, follow the news," advising people to use common sense. However by 3:00 p.m. that afternoon, the freeway system in Houston was at a stand-still.
To the east of Houston, officials had set up evacuation routes in response to the slow evacuation of residents prior to
Hurricane Lili. During the Rita evacuation these preparations and their execution were overwhelmed by the enormous and unprecedented number of people fleeing from the Houston area prior to the local residents. By the time Jefferson County began their mandatory evacuation, local roads were already full of Houstonians. Designated evacuation routes slowed to a pace far worse than with any previous hurricane.
By late Thursday morning, the
contraflow lanes had been ordered after it was determined that the state's highway system had become
gridlocked. The Texas Department of Transportation was unprepared to execute such a large-scale evacuation. Coordination and implementation of the contraflow plan took 8 to 10 hours as inbound traffic was forced to exit and police were stationed to assist with traffic flow. Evacuees fought traffic Wednesday afternoon through mid-day Friday, moving only a fraction of the normal distance expected. Average travel times to Dallas were 24-36 hours, travel times to Austin were 12-18 hours and travel times to San Antonio were 10-16 hours, depending on the point of departure in Houston. Many motorists ran out of gas or experienced breakdowns in the record breaking temperatures that neared 100 °F (38 °C). Traffic volumes did not ease for nearly 48 hours as more than three million residents evacuated the area in advance of the storm. This was the largest evacuation in United States history.
As part of the evacuation,
Johnson Space Center in Houston handed off control of the
International Space Station to their
Russian counterparts.
Concerns had been raised over the state of the oil industry in response to Rita. The storm threatened a large amount of oil infrastructure that was left undamaged by
Katrina. The
Texas Gulf Coast is home to 23% of the United States' refining capacity, and numerous offshore production platforms were in Rita's path. While no potential storm path would threaten all of the capacity at once, a direct strike on Houston could disable up to 8% of the nation's refining capacity.
Valero Energy Corp, the nation's largest refiner, stated on
September 21 that Rita could have caused gasoline prices to rise well above
$3 per US
gallon ($0.79/L).
Impact
Hurricane Rita Rainfall
In some areas, the effects of Hurricane Rita were not nearly as severe as anticipated. The
storm surge feared in Galveston and Houston struck farther east as the storm's center came ashore at the Louisiana border; winds blowing offshore in Texas actually flattened the surge, which was only seven feet (2 m), well below the height of the Galveston
seawall. The five inches (130 mm) of rain expected to fall overnight in New Orleans also did not happen, and the pressure on the levee system was eased. Still, storm surge of 15-20 feet (4.5-6.1 m) struck southwestern Louisiana, and coastal parishes experienced extensive damage. In
Cameron Parish the communities of
Holly Beach,
Hackberry and
Cameron were essentially destroyed.
[7] In
Calcasieu Parish the communities of
Lake Charles,
Moss Bluff,
Sulphur,
Westlake and
Vinton also suffered heavy damage. In
Beauregard Parish the communities of
DeRidder and
Merryville also suffered heavy damage.
It is estimated that two million people lost
electricity.
[8] Total damage is estimated at approximately $10 billion, making Rita the ninth-costliest storm in U.S. history.
[9]
Following Rita, gas prices fell in the U.S instead of rising as feared.
Deaths
The reported death toll by Rita was 120. Only seven were direct deaths. One was caused by a tornado spawned in the storm's outer bands, one was due to storm surge flooding and three others were caused by trees blown down in the storm. The two Florida deaths both occurred in
rip currents caused by Rita's distant waves.
Direct deaths indicate those caused by the direct effects of the
winds,
flooding,
tornadoes,
storm surge or
oceanic effects of Rita. Indirect deaths indicate those caused by hurricane-related accidents (including
car accidents,
crimes,
fires or other incidents), cleanup and evacuation incidents and health issues (such as
poisoning,
illnesses, lack of emergency aid).
Arkansas
While Rita weakened to a tropical depression, the outer bands continued to spawn numerous tornadoes in Arkansas, including one in
Lonoke County and another in
Conway County, damaging many homes and businesses in several communities. In addition, significant flooding has been reported in several areas.
[25]
The tornadoes were unusual in that they moved in a northwestern direction due to the direction in which Rita was moving. Most tornadoes move northeast.
[26]
No deaths caused by Rita were reported in Arkansas.
South Florida and Cuba
More than 340,000 people were under voluntary or mandatory evacuation orders in
Florida and
Cuba. Storm surge
flooding was reported along the low-lying
Florida Keys. The
Overseas Highway (
U.S. 1) connecting the islands was flooded and impassable in some sections. As of 8 p.m. EDT on Tuesday,
September 20, about 25,000 customers in
Broward and
Miami-Dade and 2,100 in the Keys were without
electricity.
[27]
A
state of emergency was declared by
Florida Governor Jeb Bush and a federal emergency by
President George W. Bush in four counties: Broward,
Collier, Miami-Dade and
Monroe. More than 2,000
National Guard troops and dozens of
law enforcement officers were brought in.
[27]
No deaths were reported in either
Florida or
Cuba from the initial impact.
Florida Panhandle
While the
Florida Panhandle escaped most of the land effects from Rita, two deaths were reported on beaches. Both were due to high surf and rip currents caused by Rita's distant waves.
[29]
Louisiana
Storm surge damage from Rita
New Orleans's
levee system had already sustained heavy damage from
Hurricane Katrina before Rita's outer bands of rain fell on the city. On Friday,
September 23, the day before landfall, rising water due to Hurricane Rita poured through breaches in the patched
Industrial Canal levee in New Orleans' devastated
Ninth Ward, as reported by the
Army Corps of Engineers. Water entered the Ninth Ward over two 32-foot (10 m) wide patches in the levee as of about 9 a.m. CDT on Friday,
September 23. Water in the Ninth Ward was reported to be waist-deep at 11 a.m. CDT on Friday. By approximately 5 p.m. CDT, water had begun gushing through another patch in the
London Avenue Canal into the surrounding Gentilly neighborhood. Some pumping stations were abandoned. By Saturday night,
September 24, water from a 150-foot gap in the Industrial Canal levee flooded some areas of the Ninth Ward to eight feet deep.
[30]
Damaged homes at the Texas-Louisiana border
Damage in southwestern Louisiana was extensive. In Cameron Parish, the communities of Hackberry
[31], Cameron, Creole, Grand Chenier, Holly Beach, and Johnsons Bayou were heavily damaged or entirely destroyed. A
casino boat and several barges were floating loose in
Lake Charles and damaged a bridge spanning
Interstate 10 across the
Calcasieu River. Lake Charles experienced severe
flooding, with reports of water rising 6-8 feet in areas around Lake Calcasieu. At a hotel on the
Contraband Bayou, water was reportedly up to the second floor. There was also extensive damage to its regional airport.
[30] Damage to the city's electrical system was so severe that authorities warned that power would not return for two weeks, if not longer.
In
Vinton, several fires burned, the roof was torn off the town's recreation center and many homes were damaged by fallen trees. Widespread
flooding was reported in coastal
parishes. In
Terrebonne Parish, virtually every levee was breached.
[33] Some people were stranded in
flooded communities and had to be rescued by boat. At least 100 people were reported rescued from rooftops, as at least 25 more remained stranded.
[34]
Louisiana Governor
Kathleen Blanco reported that 700,000 homes lost power in 41 of the state's 64
parishes.
[35]
In
Vermilion Parish south of
Abbeville, rescue efforts were undertaken for up to 1,000 people stranded by local flooding. On Saturday,
September 24, 250 people were rescued.
[35]
After being reduced to a tropical storm, Rita entered
DeSoto and
Caddo Parishes, the eye passed just west of Downtown
Shreveport before crossing the
Arkansas border. At the height of the storm over 175,000 people had lost power in the
National Weather Service Shreveport's forecast area, mainly across
Deep East Texas into northwest Louisiana. Two fatalities occurred in the
Ark-La-Tex. A tree fell on a person and the other fatality occurred when a teenager was electrocuted when picking up a "hot" power line. Shreveport recorded its 2nd lowest pressure ever recorded as the center of Rita moved through Shreveport around 6 pm Saturday evening. The pressure recorded was 29.05 inches (983.7 mb) which was only .01 inch higher than the lowest pressure on record of 29.04 inches back on
February 27,
1902.
[37]
Mississippi
Several tornadoes from Rita's outer bands affected the state. At least 40 homes and an industrial plant were damaged and one person killed by a tornado in
Humphreys County in central Mississippi. Another tornado (unconfirmed) was reported in
Bolivar County.
One death was reported in
Wilkinson County, although it has not been confirmed if it was storm-related.
[12]
A tornado touched down on
Mississippi State University's campus. MSU officials reported significant damage to some buildings. There were also numerous mobile homes damaged at the University Hills trailer park just off the campus. There were several non-life threatening injuries.
Lauderdale County in east central Mississippi reported several confirmed and unconfirmed tornado touch downs in and near the cities of Marion and Meridian, an area recovering from damage from Category 2 winds in Hurricane Katrina.
Texas
Two satellite images showing the extent of flooding caused by Rita in Louisiana and Texas.
On the morning of
September 23, 23 people were killed when a
bus carrying 45 nursing home evacuees from Brighton Gardens in
Bellaire, Texas erupted into flames and exploded on
Interstate 45 in
Wilmer, southeast of
Dallas. The fire started in the brake system, and the passengers' therapeutic
oxygen tanks may have caused the bus to explode.
[39][40] Many of the passengers were mobility-impaired making escape difficult or impossible.
[41]
In the late evening, a fire broke out in the
Strand District of
Galveston, Texas, gutting several homes. However, the
fire department was able to fight the wind-whipped blaze and prevent it from spreading through the city. No serious injuries were reported in the fire. Around midnight, a vacant restaurant collapsed nearby, which was reportedly as a result of the fire that weakened the walls.
[42]
For the most part,
Houston escaped major damage, apart from extensive loss of power. Some windows blew out of some
downtown skyscrapers, and some trees and signals were down.
[43] Thirty one deaths have been reported in
Harris County, of which all of them were indirect (mostly related to the evacuation and cleanup).
[44]
The county of Jasper, Texas was also greatly affected. It is located near the Sabine River, near the Louisiana and Texas border. Jasper, known as the "Jewel of the Pines" lost many of its pine trees when Rita came through, leveling most of them down to the stump. Jasper county residents were running out of gas and many relied on the only news available at the time from Mike Lout, local radio station owner, who stayed on the air during the entire time of the storm. Many families lost their homes of many years, returning to see that they were crushed by one or more trees.
North of Houston, the 2.5-mile-wide
Lake Livingston dam sustained substantial damage from powerful waves driven by 117 mph winds
[45] and officials started an emergency release of water to lessen pressure on the dam. A number of news outlets reported on Sunday,
September 25 2005, that the discharge put lives at risk downstream and threatened a major bridge as well due to a sizable barge coming adrift. Repairs to the dam were expected to take months to complete.
[46] After water levels were lowered and an inspection was conducted by national and local experts, the dam was declared stable late on Monday,
September 26 2005.
[47]
Church in Beaumont with roof ripped off by Hurricane Rita.
Communities in the
"Golden Triangle" formed by
Beaumont,
Port Arthur, and
Orange sustained enormous wind damage. Texas Governor Rick Perry declared a nine-county disaster area. In Beaumont an estimated 25% of the trees in the heavily wooded neighborhoods were uprooted. In
Groves, the home of Texas's Pecan Festival, an equal number of the pecan trees were leveled. An enormous number of houses and businesses suffered extensive damage from wind and falling trees. The water treatment plant in
Port Neches was heavily damaged. Some areas did not have power for more than six weeks.
A mandatory evacuation had been issued before Rita's landfall. Those displaced by Rita were offered up to 60 days of hotel rooms, generators, chainsaws, and monetary assistance by FEMA. The "Golden Triangle" area was spared a more devastating storm surge by Rita's slight eastward turn just before landfall, which placed most of the coastal community to the left of the eye and in the storm's least-damaging quadrant. Rita's surge was contained by Port Arthur's extensive levee system. Bolivar Peninsula between
Galveston and
Sabine Pass experienced only a small storm surge, in contrast to areas east of Rita's center where sent a 20-foot surge struck Louisiana's unprotected towns.
Aftermath
Economic effects
From the Department of Energy, the path of Hurricane Rita and the site of refineries in the Texas and Louisiana area.
The heavy concentration of oil infrastructure in the Gulf of Mexico makes hurricanes of Rita's intensity very problematic. Currently, very little spare crude oil capacity exists in the United States, and the Gulf of Mexico produces some 2 million
barrels per day (300 ML) total, as well as having some 30% of the total refining capacity of the United States. Rita's path traveled through a dense area of offshore pipelines and
oil platforms, and on land to an area with large refineries. With over half of Gulf production still shut down in the wake of Katrina, some economists have stated that a worst case scenario is for gasoline prices to briefly touch $5/US gallon ($1.30/L), which would be easily the highest real price for gasoline paid in the United States during the internal combustion era. However the oil industry escaped essentially unscathed from the storm and post-storm predictions estimated only minor price rises. With some 200,000
jobless claims attributed to Katrina, Rita could be a further drag on a weakened US economy.
The most pessimistic projections have
GDP growth cut by 1% on an annualized basis in the United States in the second half of 2005, with as many as 500,000 people made
unemployed. Some economists argue that the rebuilding effort could buoy the economy in 2006, while others argue that the energy spike could decrease consumer confidence by enough to send the economy into a full-fledged
recession when combined with the Federal Reserve's recent increases in interest rates.
Due to the impending oil shortage and increasing gas prices, Georgia Governor
Sonny Perdue declared what he termed "snow days," closing all Georgia public primary and secondary schools on
September 26 and 27 to conserve fuel for buses.
Military relief operations
On
September 24 2005, following the havoc caused by Hurricanes
Katrina and Rita, the
National Guard named Brig. Gen.
Douglas Pritt of the
41st Brigade Combat Team,
Oregon Army National Guard, head of Joint Task Force Rita (formally called JTF Ponchartrain).
[48] [49] The 1,400 Oregonian soldiers and airmen, including the 1st Battalion of the 186th Infantry which is designated a quick response unit, are joined by engineers and
military police from Louisiana, a
Stryker brigade from
Pennsylvania, and an engineering battalion from
Missouri. It is their mission to provide relief support for all of the areas in Texas and Louisiana effected by the two storms and to remove obstructions that might otherwise hinder help to those affected.
Post-Rita Deaths
Due largely to what many have called the largest two day evacuation in the country's history, many people died in the weeks following Rita's passing. The stress brought on by 98 degree heat in cars that were forced to turn off their air conditioners on the gridlocked highways was intense and the elderly in particular developed a large number of health problems in the weeks following the storm. For weeks funeral homes in the Beaumont area were unable to respond to the large number of requests by family members to retrieve the bodies of their loved ones to the north. These deaths are not currently counted as officially caused by the hurricane.
American Red Cross operations
The American Red Cross continued to provide disaster relief to Hurricane Katrina affected areas, but as a result of Hurricane Rita, had to open additional shelters in other
gulf states. The Red Cross also expanded their Hurricane Katrina internet "Safe List" for use by those affected by Hurricane Rita.
AmeriCorps relief operations
AmeriCorps sent several crews to Texas, Mississippi and Louisiana in response to
Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Rita. The crews originated from two main organizations, the National Civilian Community Corps (NCCC) and the Washington Conservation Corps (WCC), as well as from smaller Americorps organizations such as Americorps St. Louis' Emergency Response Team (ERT). The crews performed a number of relief tasks for hurricane survivors, including support on the
FEMA/
Carnival Cruise Lines shelter ship, tarping damaged roofs, and debris removal. As of the beginning of 2006, AmeriCorps teams have been involved in the rebuilding efforts in Louisiana and Mississippi. Teams have also operated volunteer camps like Camp Premier as well as assisted with the Made with Love cafe. As of May 2006, AmeriCorps reported that it would continue to send relief to affected areas.
Retirement
The name Rita was retired in the spring of 2006 and will never be used again for an
Atlantic hurricane. It was replaced by Rina, which will be used in the
2011 season.
[50]
Records
The use of the name "Rita" reflects the record-breaking activity of the 2005 hurricane season: only once before had a name starting with "
R" (the seventeenth name in the list each season) been used for an Atlantic storm, in
1995 for
Hurricane Roxanne. The formation of Rita actually marked the third time that seventeen storms had formed in a season since tropical storm naming began in 1950. However, in the
1969 season, under less-sophisticated forecasting systems, many tropical storms were not named; the seventeenth storm of 1969 was named
Hurricane Martha.
Other records set by Rita:
★ Earliest 17th named storm in Atlantic hurricane season
★ Fourth most-intense storm in Atlantic basin
★ Greatest one-hour pressure drop in Atlantic basin
★ Most intense hurricane in the Gulf of Mexico (breaking record set by
Hurricane Katrina only three weeks earlier)
See also
★
List of notable tropical cyclones
★
List of notable Atlantic hurricanes
★
List of Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes
★
List of 2005 Atlantic hurricane season storms
★
FEMA Trailer
References
1. November 2005 Atlantic Tropical Weather Summary National Hurricane Center
2. NHC Rita Report Richard D. Knabb, Daniel P. Brown, Jamie R. Rhome
3. Solar Navigator Solar Navigator
4. Catastrophe Perspectives Benfield Inc.
5. Illinois Photo Illinois Photo
6. Coastal Evacuations in Texas Associated Press
7. A Visual Story of Hurricane Rita Margaret Saizan
8. Storm Centre Benfield Inc.
9. Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Rita Richard D. Knabb, Daniel P. Brown, Jamie R. Rhome
10. WKRN WKRN Nashville
11. http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20050923/ap_on_re_us/rita_bus_explosion_hk1
12. http://www.wjtv.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=WJTV/MGArticle/JTV_BasicArticle&c=MGArticle&cid=1031785260428&path=
13. http://www.katc.com/Global/story.asp?S=3889493
14. http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20050923/ap_on_re_us/rita_bus_explosion_hk1
15. http://www.ktbs.com/news-detail.html?cityid=1&hid=27050
16. http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20050923/ap_on_re_us/rita_bus_explosion_hk1
17. http://www.khou.com/topstories/stories/khou050928_cd_galvctydeaths.9fb1b409.html
18. http://www.chron.com/cs/CDA/rssstory.mpl/metropolitan/3378405
19. http://www.kfdm.com/engine.pl?station=kfdm&id=12094&template=breakout_local.shtml
20. http://www.woai.com/news/local/story.aspx?content_id=F15F01A3-B512-4882-9C0C-BACA8AC5A579
21. http://www.chron.com/cs/CDA/rssstory.mpl/metropolitan/3378405
22. http://www.wpmi.com/news/national/story.aspx?content_id=E601A5C1-B61B-46D1-8068-579FDCE076AB
23. http://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory?id=1172003&CMP=OTC-RSSFeeds0312
24. http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20050922/ap_on_re_us/rita;_ylt=Au1rtNlWxs7m1F0I9e2eanvqbr8F;_ylu=X3oDMTA3b2NibDltBHNlYwM3MTY-
25. http://www.ksla.com/Global/story.asp?S=1984599&nav=menu50_2_1
26. http://www.wkrn.com/Global/story.asp?S=3897351
27. http://www.nbc6.net/weather/4989210/detail.html
28. http://www.nbc6.net/weather/4989210/detail.html
29. http://www.wkrn.com/Global/story.asp?S=3898247
30. http://www.cnn.com/2005/US/09/24/rita.assess/index.html
31. http://news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&u=/latimests/hackberrypopulationzero
32. http://www.cnn.com/2005/US/09/24/rita.assess/index.html
33. http://www.katc.com/Global/story.asp?S=3892692
34. http://www.katc.com/Global/story.asp?S=3893500
35. http://edition.cnn.com/2005/US/09/24/news.update.sat/
36. http://edition.cnn.com/2005/US/09/24/news.update.sat/
37. http://www.srh.noaa.gov/shv/Hurricane_Rita.htm
38. http://www.wjtv.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=WJTV/MGArticle/JTV_BasicArticle&c=MGArticle&cid=1031785260428&path=
39. http://www.khou.com/news/state/stories/khou050923_mh_busfire.86061b26.html
40. http://www.cantonrep.com/index.php?Category=23&ID=243743&r=0
41. http://www.chron.com/cs/CDA/ssistory.mpl/topfront/3367696
42. http://www.usatoday.com/weather/stormcenter/2005-09-24-galveston-fire_x.htm
43. http://www.khou.com/topstories/stories/khou050924_mh_downtowndamage.8bdf5eae.html
44. http://news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&u=/kprc/20050927/lo_kprc/2963330
45. http://www.trinityra.org/Press%20Releases/about_press_09_26_05.htm
46. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4281518.stm
47. http://home.businesswire.com/portal/site/google/index.jsp?ndmViewId=news_view&newsId=20050926006153&newsLang=en
48. http://www.kgw.com/sharedcontent/APStories/stories/D8CQSDL80.html
49. http://www.katu.com/news/story.asp?ID=79878
50. "Dennis, Katrina, Rita, Stan, and Wilma "Retired" from List of Storm Names." ''NOAA.'' March 25, 2006.
External links
★ The NHC's
archive on Hurricane Rita
★ The HPC's
archive on Tropical Depression Rita
★ The HPC's
rainfall page for Rita
★
Hurricane Rita: from wreckage to rebirth, from
The Beaumont Enterprise
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RitaInfo.com - Hurricane Rita Info, News, and Resources
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NewsNow.co.uk's Hurricane Watch newsfeed
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The Disaster Center's Rita coverage
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TAOS Autorun - Real-time damage estimates
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Hurricane Rita Supply Availability Map
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"The Oil Drum: Rita Resource Page for Oil and Natural Gas Infrastructure Damage"The Oil Drum: Rita Oil and Gas Resources
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Research Model Advances Hurricane Intensity Prediction
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Increasing destructiveness of tropical cyclones
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Changes in Tropical Cyclone Number, Duration, and Intensity in a Warming Environment
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Science Magazine Katrina/Rita page
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Color Enhanced Infrared Satellite Video of Hurricane Rita
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Hurricane Digital Memory Bank Preserving the Stories of Katrina, Rita, and Wilma
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Workforce Redevelopment in the Gulf Coast
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Hurricanes Katrina & Rita Web Archive
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