'Hugh O'Neill' can refer to one of several persons:
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Hugh O'Neill, 3rd Earl of Tyrone (c. 1540–1616), Irish chieftain who resisted the annexation of Ireland by Elizabeth I of England
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Hugh O'Neill (politician) (1883–1982), Ulster Unionist politician who served as Father of the House of Commons
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Hugh Dubh O'Neill (1611–1660), Irish soldier who commanded the defenders in the Siege of Clonmel and Siege of Limerick
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Hugh O'Neil (born 1936), Canadian politician