HISTORY OF CYPRUS

This article is about the 'History of Cyprus'.
The name 'Cyprus' has a somewhat uncertain etymology. One suggestion is that it comes from the Greek word for the Mediterranean cypress tree (''Cupressus sempervirens''), 'κυπάρισσος' (''kypárissos'') or even from the Greek name of the henna plant (''Lawsonia alba''), 'κύπρος' (''kýpros''). Another school suggests that it stems from the Eteocypriot already given its name to the Classical Latin word for the metal, which appears in the phrase ''aes Cyprium'', "metal of Cyprus", later shortened to ''Cuprum''. ^[1]

Contents

Prehistory

Ancient history

See also

Further reading

External links

Prehistory

Main articles: Cyprus (Prehistory)

Ancient history

Main articles: Cyprus (Ancient history)

==Middle Ages to High Middle Ages and Byzantine Renaissance==
Main articles: Cyprus (Middle Ages)

==Late Middle Ages and Renaissance==
Main articles: Cyprus (Ottoman Empire)

==Modern Times (history)==
Main articles: Modern history of Cyprus

Following the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I, Cyprus was annexed by Britain in 1925 and made a crown colony. Between 1955-59 EOKA was created by Greek Cypriots and led by George Grivas to perform enosis (union of the island with Greece). However the EOKA campaign did not result union with Greece but rather an independent republic, The Republic of Cyprus, in 1960.
In 1960 Turkish Cypriots were only the 18% of the Cypriot population. However, the 1960 constitution carried important safeguards for the participation of Turkish Cypriots to the state affairs, like vice-president being Turkish Cypriot, 30% of parliament being Turkish Cypriot, etc. Archbishop Makarios would be the President and Dr Fazil Kucuk would become Vice President. One of the articles in the constitution was the creation of separate local municipalities so that Greek and Turkish Cypriots could manage their own municipalities in the big towns. This article of the constitution has never been implemented by the Republic and president Archbishop Makarios. In response to the Greek-backed coup Turkey invaded the island in 1974 and seized the northern third of the island, Turkish Cypriots in the south would travel north and Greek Cypriots in the north would move south. The de facto state of Northern Cyprus was proclaimed in 1975 under the name "Turkish Federated State of Northern Cyprus". The name was changed to its present form on 15 November 1983. The only country to formally recognise The "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" is Turkey. Turkey repeatedly violates numerous UN Resolutions "[1]" and refers to the Republic of Cyprus as the "Greek Cypriot Administration of Southern Cyprus" and refuse formal recognition against the international and European law.

See also

★ List of cities in Cyprus

★ Kingdom of Cyprus

★ Timeline of Cypriot history

Further reading

#History, general
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★ C. D. Cobham, ''Excerpta Cypria: materials for a history of Cyprus'' (Cambridge 1908). Nice Collection of written sources.
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★ D. Hunt, ''Footprints in Cyprus'' (London, Trigraph 1990).
#Prehistory
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★ Vassos Karageorghis, ''Cyprus'' (1969). Includes bibliography.
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★ Veronica Tatton-Brown, ''Cyprus BC: 7000 years of history'' (London, British Museum 1979).
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★ Stuart Swiny, ''Earliest Prehistory of Cyprus'' (American School of Oriental Research 2001) ISBN 0-89757-051-0
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★ J. M. Webb/D. Frankel, "Characterising the Philia facies. Material culture, chronology and the origins of the Bronze Age in Cyprus" in ''American Journal of archaeology'' 103, 1999, 3-43.
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★ S. Gitin/A. Mazar/E. Stern (eds.), ''Mediterranean peoples in transition, thirteenth to early 10th century BC'' (Jerusalem, Israel exploration Society 1998). Late Bronze Age and transition to the Iron Age.
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★ J. D. Muhly, "The role of the Sea People in Cyprus during the LCIII period. In: Vassos Karageorghis and J. D. Muhly (eds), ''Cyprus at the close of the Bronze Age'' (Nicosia 1984), 39-55. End of Bronze Age
#Classical Period, Sources
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★ Herodotus, "The Histories"
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★ Isocrates, "Nicocles"
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★ Diodorus Siculus, "Bibliothiki" (Library)
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★ Arrian, "The Campaigns of Alexander the Great"
#Mediavial Age
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★ Angel Nicolaou-Konnari (Ed): ''Cyprus. Society and culture (1191 - 1374)''; Leiden : Brill, 2005. - XVI, 403 S., ISBN 90-04-14767-5
#History, 20th century
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★ C. Spyridiakis, ''The education policy of the English government in Cyprus'' (1878-1954).
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★ C. Spyridiakis, ''A brief history of Cyprus''.
#Mythology
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★ Apollodorus, "Bibliothiki" (Library)
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★ Pausanias, "Description of Greece"
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★ Ovid, "Metamorphosis"

External links

★ "Cyprus, as I Saw it in 1879" by Samuel W. Baker.

★ Cyprus - an island divided - Interactive guide from The Guardian beginning with the Turkish invasion of 1974.