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The 'Hippocastanaceae' is a small family of trees and shrubs. Its most widespread genus is ''Aesculus'' (the horse-chestnuts and buckeyes, syn. ''Pavia''). However, the American genus ''Billia'' and the Chinese genus ''Handeliodendron'' are also sometimes included in this family. A feature of the family is the palmate compound leaves.^[1]
Members of this family are closely related to the large, mostly tropical family Sapindaceae, and some systems of plant taxonomy include the members of the Hippocastanaceae, along with members of the Aceraceae, in an enlarged family Sapindaceae.
Recent molecular phylogenetic research (Harrington et al. 2005^[2]) has shown that while both Aceraceae and Hippocastanaceae are monophyletic in themselves, their removal from Sapindaceae ''sensu lato'' would leave Sapindaceae ''sensu stricto'' as a paraphyletic group, particularly with reference to the genus ''Xanthoceras''.

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References

References

1. Hippocastanaceae in L.Watson and M.J.Dallwitz. 1992 onwards. The families of flowering plants.
2. Harrington, M. G., Edwards, K. J., Johnson, S. A., Chase, M. W., & Gadek, P. A. (2005). Phylogenetic inference in Sapindaceae sensu lato using plastid matK and rbcL DNA sequences. ''Systematic Botany'' 30: 366-382. Abstract.