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'Heian-kyō' (平安京, literally "tranquility and peace capital"), was one of several former names for the city now known as Kyoto. It was the capital of Japan for over one thousand years, from 794 to 1868.
Emperor Kammu established it as the capital in 794, moving the Imperial Court there from nearby Nagaoka-kyō. It remained the chief political center until 1185, when the samurai Minamoto clan took power, establishing the Kamakura shogunate. This period from 794-1185 is known as the Heian period of Japanese history.
Though political power would be wielded by the samurai class, over the course of three different shogunates, Heian remained the site of the Imperial Court and seat of Imperial power, and thus remained the official capital. In fact, even after the seat of Imperial power was moved to Tokyo in 1868, since there is no law which makes Tokyo the capital, there is a view that Kyoto legally or officially remains the capital even today.

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★ Kyoto