The 'Hangzhou dialect' () is spoken in the city of
Hangzhou and its immediate suburbs, but excluding areas further away from Hangzhou such as Xiāoshān (蕭山) and Yúháng (余杭) (both originally county-level cities and now the districts within Hangzhou City). The number of speakers of the Hangzhou dialect has been estimated to be about 1.2 to 1.5 million. It belongs to the
Wu language family, which in turn constitutes one of the Sinitic language families. The Hangzhou dialect is of immense interest to
Chinese historical phonologists and
dialectologists because
phonologically, it exhibits extensive similarities with the other Wu languages; however,
grammatically and
lexically, it shows many
Mandarin tendencies. (Simmons 1995)
Classification
Geographic distribution
Dialects
Phonetics and phonology
Consonants
Vowels
Monophthongs
Diphthongs
Triphthongs
Syllable structure
Onsets
Rimes
Tones
Citation tones
The Hangzhou tonal system is similar to that of the
Suzhou dialect, in that some characters of the shàng tone in
Middle Chinese have merged with the modern yīn qù tone.
Tone chart of Hangzhou dialect| Tone number | Tone name | Tone contour |
|---|
| 1 | yin ping (陰平) | 323 |
|---|
| 2 | yang ping (陽平) | 212 |
|---|
| 3 | yin shang (陰上) | 51 |
|---|
| 4 | yin qu (陰去) | 334 |
|---|
| 5 | yang qu (陽去) | 113 |
|---|
| 6 | yin ru (陰入) | 55 |
|---|
| 7 | yang ru (陽入) | 12 |
|---|
Tone sandhi
Grammar
Morphology
Syntax
Vocabulary
History
Examples
See also
★
List of Chinese dialects
★
Suzhou dialect
★
Shanghainese
★
Wu dialects
References
★ Qián,nǎiróng (1992). ''Dāngdài Wúyǔ yánjiū''. (Contemporary Wu linguistics studies). Shànghǎi: shànghǎi jiāoyù chūbǎnshè. (錢乃榮. 1992. 當代吳語研究. 上海敎育出版社) ISBN 7-5320-2355-9
★
Distinguishing characteristics of the Hangzhou dialect, Simmons, Richard VanNess, , , New Asia Academic Bulletin, 1995
External links
★
Wu Association
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