 | 686-MUS #15..Why did our Fraudulent Fathers out law Hemp? http://www.freedomdomain.com/Hemp/hemp_pot.html The many benefits of Hemp include, but are not limited, to the following : Hemp utilizes the sun more efficiently than virtually any other plant on the planet, reaching 10-20 feet or more in a single short growing season. It can even be grown in almost any climate or soil condition on Earth. Hemp is softer than cotton, warmer than cotton, more water absorbant than cotton, has three times the tensile strength of cotton and many times more durable. 50% of all chemicals used in American agriculture today are used on cotton and Hemp requires no chemicals or pesticides to grow. Cannabis makes the very best Canvas paper for Art. For centuries, most all of the world's great art used Cannabis Paper. The Dutch word for CANNABIS is CANVAS. Hemp seed oil makes the best oil for paints and varnishes. Up until about 1800, Hemp seed oil was the most consumed lighting oil in America and the world. Hemp is a fuel source. Hemp is the fastest growing biomass source on Earth. Biomass can be converted to methane, methanol or gasoline at a fraction of the cost of oil, coal or nuclear energy. Instead of using fossil fuels, which have been in the Earth for millions of years and pollute the planet while removing it and shipping it around the world, we could be "HARVESTING OXYGEN" by growing a plant source which produces oxygen while it is growing, then when we burn it and produce carbon dioxide, the cycle is balanced. As a medicine, Cannabis has been used for centuries and continues to be used today for all kinds of ailments including : stress, rheumatism, asthma, delerium tremens, migrain headaches, pms cramps, glaucoma, nausea, tumors, and anorexia. Cannabis / Hemp / Marijuana seeds are the highest source of complete vegetable protein on the entire planet. Soybeans contain a higher percentage of protein but the composition of the protein in Hemp allows more of it to be used by the body. 65 % of the protein in Hemp seeds is in the form of globulin edestin. The high edestin content combined with albumin, another globular protein contained in all seeds means the readily available protein in Hemp seeds contain all the essential amino acids in ideal proportions to assure your body has the necessary building blocks to create proteins like disease fighting immunoglobulins--antibodies whose job is to ward off infections before the symptoms of sickness set in. Hemp seeds are also the highest known source of Essential Fatty Acids. Essential, meaning (We Couldn't Live Without Them). These Linoleic and Linolenic acids are responsible for the luster in your skin and hair. They also clear the arteries and rebuild the immune system. Plastic Plumbing Pipe (PVC) can be manufactured using renewable Hemp cellulose as the chemical feedstocks, replacing non-renewable petroleum based chemical feedstocks. The seed oil is a machine grade quality lubricant and can be used to run engines and replace petro-oils completely |
 | Kinesin Transport Protein ***From Wikipedia*** Function In the cell, small molecules such as gases and glucose diffuse to where they are needed. Large molecules synthesized in the cell body, intracellular components such as vesicles, and organelles such as mitochondria are too large (and the cytosol too crowded) to diffuse to their destinations. Most kinesins transport such cargo about the cell by walking unidirectionally along microtubule tracks hydrolysing one molecule of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) at each step. It was thought that ATP hydrolysis powered the kinesin walk but it now seems that the force of binding to the microtubule is what pulls the cargo along while the binding of ATP assists the direction of motion. Structure The typical kinesin is a protein dimer consisting of two heavy chains and two light chains. The heavy chains comprise a globular head (the motor domain) connected via a short, flexible neck linker to the stalk - a long, central coiled-coil region - that ends in a tail region formed with a light-chain. The stalks intertwine to form the kinesin dimer. Cargo binds to the tail while the twin heads alternately bind the microtubule as the kinesin pulls the cargo along. The heads will hydrolyze 2 ATP molecules per step. Polarity Motor proteins travel in a specific direction along a microtubule. This is because the microtubule is polar, the heads only bind to the microtubule in one orientation, and ATP hydrolysis drives the molecule in one direction. Most kinesins walk towards the positive end of a microtubule which, in most cells, entails transporting cargo from the centre of the cell towards the periphery. This form of transport is known as anterograde transport. Some kinesins {EG5}, and a different type of motor protein known as dyneins, move towards the minus end of the microtubule. Thus they transport cargo from the periphery of the cell towards the centre. This is known as retrograde transport. These motors have a different morphology: their structure is such that they move in the opposite direction though the directional principle is the same as for the rest of the family. Proposed mechanisms Kinesin accomplishes transport by essentially "walking" along a microtubule. Two mechanisms have been proposed to explain how this movement occurs. * In the "hand-over-hand" mechanism, the kinesin heads step over one another, alternating the lead position. * In the "inchworm" mechanism, one kinesin head always leads, moving forward a step before the trailing head catches up. Despite some remaining controversy, mounting academic evidence points towards the symmetric inchworm mechanism as being more likely. Asters and assembly In recent years, it has been found that microtubule-based molecular motors (including a number of kinesins) have a role in mitosis (cell division). The mechanism by which the cytoskeleton of the daughter cell separates from that of the mother cell was unclear. It seems that motors organize the two separate microtubule asters into a metastable structure independent of any external positional cues. This self-organization is in turn dependent on the directionality of the motors as well as their processivity (ability to walk). Thus motors are necessary for the formation of the mitotic spindle assemblies that perform chromosome separation. Specifically, proteins from the Kinesin 13 family act as regulators of microtubule dynamics. The prototypical member of this family is MCAK (formerly Kif2C, XKCM1, Gene KIF2C) which acts at the ends of microtubule polymers to depolymerize them. The function of MCAK in cells and its mechanism in vitro is currently being investigated by numerous labs. |
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