'''Garda Síochána na hÉireann''' (
pronounced ;
Irish for "Peace Guard of Ireland", often rendered
[1] as "The Guardians of the Peace of Ireland") is the
police force of the
Republic of Ireland. The force is headed by the Garda Commissioner who is appointed by the
Irish Government. Its headquarters are located in the
Phoenix Park in
Dublin.
Terminology
The former
English language name of the force was the 'Civic Guard'; this is no longer used.
[2] In
the English of Ireland the force is known (in decreasing order of formality) as 'An Garda Síochána' (''An'' pronounced ); 'the Garda Síochána'; 'the Garda' (in the preceding names, ''Garda'' "guard" is a
collective noun, like ''police''); 'the Gardaí' (; "guards", plural); or 'the guards'. ''Police'' is used infrequently and ''policeman'' rarely.
An individual officer is also called a ''garda'' (plural ''gardaí''), or, informally, a guard. A
police station is called a ''Garda station''. ''Garda'' is also the lowest rank within the force, also used as a title (e.g. "Garda John Murphy", analogous to the British term "constable" or the American "officer" ("deputy/trooper/special agent/etc."). "Guard" is the most common form of address used by members of the public speaking to a garda on duty. A female officer was once officially referred to as a ''bangharda'' (; "female guard"; plural ''banghardaí''). This term was abolished in 1990,
[3] but is still used colloquially in place of the now
gender-neutral ''garda''.
In line with the renaming of the old
Royal Ulster Constabulary to the
Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI),
Ulster Unionist peer Lord Laird has proposed a change of the name of the force to ''An Garda Síochána/Hannin Polis''.
[4]
The Dublin government currently have no plans to implement this, nor any other of Laird's ideas.
Organisation
A member of the motorcycle unit of the Garda Síochána.
The force is headed by the
Commissioner. His immediate subordinates are the two Deputy Commissioners, one in charge of "Strategic and Resource Management", and the other in charge of "Operations". "Strategic and Resource Management" primarily deals with national organisational and technical matters and does not directly deal with crime, whilst the majority of operational and staffing matters comes under "Operations". There are ten Assistant Commissioners: and six of them are geographically based, the other four are assigned to various national support roles. A
civilian Director of Finance is placed at a similar organisational level to the Assistant Commissioners.
The six geographical "Assistant Commissioners" command the six "Garda Force Regions", which are currently, (1)
Dublin Metropolitan, (2) Eastern, (3) Northern, (4) Southern, (5) South-Eastern and (6) Western Regions. Subordinate to the Assistant Commissioners there are twenty-five
Chief Superintendents, who supervise what are called
Divisions. Each Division contains a number of Districts, each of which is commanded by a
Superintendent, who is assisted by a team of
Inspectors. Within each District there are a number of Subdistricts, which are usually commanded by
Sergeants.
Typically each Subdistrict contains only one
police station. A different number of Gardaí will be based at each station depending on its importance. Most of these stations employ the basic rank of Garda, which was referred to as the rank of Guard until 1972. The most junior members of the force are students, whose duties can vary depending on their training progress. They are often bestowed with clerical duties, as part of their extra curriculum studies.
The force also has over 2,000 civilian support staff, including a
Chief Medical Officer. These civilian posts include a diverse range of staff in areas such as human resources, finance, IT,
photographers, research and analysis, teachers and general administration. The figure also includes industrial staff such as traffic wardens, drivers and cleaners. It is ongoing government policy to bring the level of civilian support in the organisation up to international standards - thus enhancing its expertise in a range of specialist and administrative functions, and releasing more of its police officers for operational duties.
| Rank | Number of operatives (2005)[5] |
|---|
| Commissioner | 1 |
| Deputy Commissioners | 2 |
| Assistant Commissioners | 13 |
| Chief Superintendents | 50 |
| Superintendents | 178 |
| Inspectors | 307 |
| Sergents | 2,173 |
| Garda | 11,821 |
| Student Garda | NA |
Garda Reserve
Main articles: Garda Síochána Reserve
The Garda Síochána Act 2005 provided for the establishment of a
Garda Reserve, consisting of 4,000 persons, to assist the Force in performing its functions, and supplement the work of members of the Garda Síochána.
The intent of the Garda Reserve is "to be a source of local strength and knowledge". Reserve members are to carry out duties defined by the Garda Commissioner and sanctioned by the
Minister for Justice. With reduced training, these duties and powers must be operated under the supervision of regular members of the Force, and are also limited from those of regular members.
As of
December 2006 more than 7,000 people had applied to join the Garda Reserve, and the first 36 graduated on
15 December 2006 at the
Garda College, in
Templemore.
[6]
Sections
★
Criminal Assets Bureau
★
Special Detective Unit
★
Water Unit
★
Dog Unit
★
National Bureau of Criminal Investigation
★
Garda National Immigration Bureau
★
Bureau of Fraud Investigation
★
Public Order Unit
★
Emergency Response Unit
★
Garda Technical Bureau
★
Central Vetting Unit
★
Garda Information Services Centre
★
Garda Air Support Unit - Formed in 1997, the GASU's aircraft are maintained and flown by the
Irish Air Corps, and based at
Casement Aerodrome near Dublin. The unit operates a
Britten-Norman BN 2T-4S Defender 4000 aircraft, a
Eurocopter AS355N Squirrel Helicopter, and (since 2001) an
EC 135 T1. The Eurocopter AS355N is due to be replaced by a second EC 135 T1 soon.
An unarmed force
Garda Síochána Emergency Response Unit on duty in Dublin.
Uniformed members of An Garda Síochána do not routinely carry
firearms. It is a tradition of the service that standard policing should be carried out in both rural and urban areas by uniformed officers equipped only with a wooden
truncheon (From March 2007 new Gardaí leaving the training college are equipped with ASP 21" Extendable Batons. In time the whole force will be equipped with same dependent on training requirements). The force when originally created was armed, but in a
u-turn the Provisional Government decided to reverse the decision and reconstitute the force as an unarmed police force, in contrast to the refusal of the British
Dublin Castle administration which had refused appeals from the
Royal Irish Constabulary that that force be disarmed.
[ '1922: The Birth of Irish Democracy', , Tom, Garvin, Gill and Macmillan, 2005, ISBN 0312164777 ]In the words of first Commissioner,
Michael Staines,
TD, "The Garda Síochána will succeed not by force of arms or numbers, but on their moral authority as servants of the people". According to
Garvin such a decision gave the new force a cultural ace: "the taboo on killing unarmed men and women who could not reasonably be seen as spies and informers."
According to a recent government report, 3,000 (out of 12,000) members of the force are armed — this includes the
Emergency Response Unit and
Special Branch/
Special Detective Unit (SDU) as well as the majority of detectives.
Vehicles
Garda Síochána patrol cars are mainly white, with two small blue strips and one large luminous yellow strip running down the centre. The Garda badge is also on the patrol cars. Garda patrol cars are usually identical to civilian vehicles however, higher performance cars are often bought, such as the
Ford Mondeo 2.5 V6. Other models being bought in recent years include
Saab 9-3, the
Volvo S40 and the Renault Laguna II. High levels of collision protection are one of the reasons that led to the force to acquire vehicles such as the Saab 9-3, partly due to an increase in so called 'ramming' incidents involving Joyriders.
Undercover cars recently acquired by the Department of Justice for the Gardaí include:
Subaru Forester 2.5XT, Ford Mondeo,
Toyota Camry 2.2,
Peugeot 407 and the new
Opel Vectra.
Other such Garda cars being supposedly introduced are the
Skoda Octavia vRS, and
Opel Astra OPC.
The motorway patrol division of the Traffic Corps owns a
Mitsubishi Evo, a
Subaru Impreza STi and has agreed to purchase three
BMW M5 to patrol the
M1,
M4,
M7 &
M50 motorways. Several models of offroad vehicle are also operated, including the Trooper, Jeep Cherokee and Nissan Navara. the traffic corps have also recently purchased new BMW 5 series for everyday use.
The Gardaí are also involved in the operation of cars transporting members of Government, Including the Mercedes S Class, E Class and Volvo S80.
History
The
Civic Guard was formed by the
Provisional Government in February 1922 to take over the responsibility of policing the fledgling
Irish Free State. It replaced the
Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC) and the
Irish Republican Police. In August 1922 the force accompanied
Michael Collins when he met the
Lord Lieutenant in
Dublin Castle.
[7]
The
Garda Síochána Act (also known as the Temporary Provisions Act) enacted after the creation of the Irish Free State on the
8 August 1923,
[8] provided for the creation of "a force of police to be called and known as 'The Garda Síochána'". Under section 22, The Civic Guard were deemed to have been established under and to be governed by the Act. The law therefore effectively renamed the existing force.
In
Dublin, policing remained the responsibility of the
Dublin Metropolitan Police (DMP, founded 1836) until it merged with the Garda Síochána in
1925. Since then the Garda has been the only police force in the state now known as the
Republic of Ireland, with the exception of the
Military Police within the
Irish Defence Forces and the Airport Police.
Scott Medal
First established in 1925, the "Scott Medal for Bravery" is the highest honour for bravery and valour which can be awarded to a member of the Garda Síochána. The first medals were funded by
Colonel Walter Scott, an honorary Commissioner of the
New York Police Department[9]. The first recipient of the Scott Medal was Pat Malone of St. Luke's Cork City who as an unarmed Garda, disarmed Tomás Óg, the son of Tomás Mac Curtain.
To mark the
United States link, the
American English spelling of ''valor'' is used on the medal. The Commissioner of An Garda Síochána chooses the recipients of the medal, which is presented by the
Minister for Justice.
In
2000, Anne McCabe - widow of
Garda Jerry McCabe, who was killed by the
Provisional IRA accepted the Scott Medal for Bravery that had been awarded posthumously to her husband.
"Murdered garda hero honoured" Garda Commissioners
The first Commissioner,
Michael Staines, who was a
Pro-Treaty member of
Dáil Éireann, held office for only eight months. It was his successors,
Eoin O'Duffy and
Éamon Broy, who played a central role in the development of the force. O’Duffy was Commissioner in the early years of the force when to many people’s surprise the viability of an unarmed police force was established. O'Duffy later became a short-lived political leader of the quasi-
fascist Blueshirts before heading to
Spain to fight alongside
Francisco Franco's Nationalists in the
Spanish Civil War. Broy had greatly assisted the
Irish Republican Army (IRA) during the
Anglo-Irish War, while serving with the
Dublin Metropolitan Police (DMP). Broy's fame grew in the
1990s when he featured in the film ''
Michael Collins'', in which it was misleadingly suggested that he had been murdered by the
British during the
War of Independence, when in reality he lived for decades and headed the Garda Síochána from 1933 to
1938.
One later Commissioner,
Edmund Garvey, was sacked by the
Fianna Fáil government of
Jack Lynch in 1978 after it had lost confidence in him. Many rank-and-file Gardaí had become unhappy with what they saw as his eagerness to do as the
British government wished regarding policing
the Troubles, to the detriment of Irish interests. Garvey won 'unfair dismissal' legal proceedings against the government. The case made its way to the
Supreme Court which found the action of the government improper. This outcome required the passing of the Garda Síochána Act, 1979 to retrospectively validate the actions of Garvey's successor since he had become Commissioner.
[10] His successor in turn,
Patrick McLaughlin, was forced to resign along with his deputy in 1983 over his peripheral involvement in a political scandal. The current commissioner is
Noel Conroy, from
Erris in
County Mayo.
Controversy and allegations involving the force
Like most police forces there have been many allegations of discourtesy, harassment, confiscating a person's property but using it for their own purposes, aggressive interrogation techniques, perjury, etc
[11]. While most allegations have not been proven, many
out-of-court settlements have been made. A total of 1,173 complaints were made by the public against the Gardaí in 2005.
[ More than 1,000 complaints against gardaí in year ]
Some incidents involving an Garda have attracted wide scale attention - such as those which resulted in the
Morris and
Barr Tribunal's - and have resulted in broad reform initiatives.
Current controversy
The Gardai's handling of the
Shell to Sea protests in
Erris has also attracted opprobrium, both in Ireland and internationally, with a report compiled by the
San Francisco-based
Global Community Monitor group described as "damning"
[12]. The violence and intimidation is alleged to result from a government decision to avoid arresting protesters for traffic and public order violations (the favoured tactics of the protests, as they don't involve violence or destruction of property). Shell to Sea campaigners believe that this is to reduce coverage of the campaign, or to push them towards more drastic measures, enabling their opponents to more easily portray them as violent. Instead, force is used to dissuade campaigners
[2]. Then
Green Party leader
Trevor Sargent condemned the Garda's handling of the protest as "disgraceful". Scores of complaints of unprovoked assault, trespass and intimidation have been made to the new
Garda Ombudsman.
In
August 2007, the force was criticised for its refusal to allow a
Sikh recruit to the Garda Reserve to wear his
turban while on duty
[13]. The ban was despite the fact that he was told when he started his training that it would not be a problem.
[3] .
Allegations involving mishandling of cases and complaints
Garda Mounted Unit
The
Kerry Babies case was one of the first public inquiries into mishandling of a Garda investigation. Later in the 1980s,
the Ferns Report (an inquiry into allegations of clerical sexual abuse) described as 'wholly inadequate' the handling of one of eight formal complaints made to
Wexford gardaí , but noted that the remaining formal complaints were handled in an effective, professional and sensitive manner.
[14]
Other more recent reports (including one released by gay rights organisation ''Johnny'') suggest that people who frequent gay and lesbian establishments feel that the Gardaí are not doing enough to tackle reported
homophobic crime in Ireland, and that Gardaí should be sent for training in anti-homophobia and hetrosexism
[15].
Allegations resulting in Tribunals of Inquiry
Main articles: Morris Tribunal,
Barr Tribunal
In the 1990s and early 2000s An Garda Síochána faced a series of allegations, including suggestions of corrupt and dishonest policing in
County Donegal. This became the subject of a judicial inquiry: the
Morris Tribunal. The tribunal found that some County Donegal gardaí had invented an
Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) informer, made bombs and claimed credit for locating them, and attempted to frame
Raphoe publican
Frank McBrearty Junior for murder — the latter case was recently settled in a €1.5m settlement with the State. In a report to the
Minister for Justice, Equality and Law Reform the Morris Tribunal expressed grave concern about "organised insubordination" within the force that "proper discipline has been lost from An Garda Síochána", suggesting that a few mischief-makers have abused their positions within the Garda and used the disciplinary process to damage the force. The tribunal also expressed concern that recruits are brought into an undisciplined culture that has the potential to do great damage to them in the longer term, and warned that a "terrible and costly" waste of talent will occur if the situation continues.
On
April 20,
2000, members of the
Emergency Response Unit shot dead, from behind, 27-year-old
John Carthy at the end of a 25-hour siege as he left his home in
Toneymore,
Abbeylara,
County Longford with a loaded shotgun in his hands. There were allegations made of inappropriate handling of the situation and of the overuse of armed force by the Gardaí; a "shoot to kill" policy. This led to a Garda inquiry, and subsequently, a
Tribunal of Inquiry under the Chairmanship of Mr Justice
Robert Barr.
This inquiry (into the facts and circumstances surrounding the fatal shooting - in which four bullets were fired; two by Garda McCabe and two by Sgt Jackson) was established on
July 1 2002, and the hearing of evidence was completed on
December 7 2004. It was expected to report its findings within six months, but publication of its Report was delayed until
July 20 2006. The official findings of the
Barr Tribunal were that Sgt Michael Jackson made 14 mistakes in his role as negotiator during the siege, and that he failed to make real efforts to achieve resolution during the armed stand-off. It further stated however that Sgt Jackson was limited by lack of experience and resources (''psychologists, solicitors, dogs''). The tribunal recommended that there be an urgent review of Garda command structures, and that the
ERU be equipped with stun guns and other non-lethal options, including "non-compliant firearms support police dogs". (Non-compliant dogs are 'attack' dogs that will bite or bring a person to the ground on command.)
The Barr tribunal further recommended a formal working arrangement between Gardaí and State psychologists, and improvements in Garda training (especially in the context of
ERU in siege situations, including those with mental illness as a factor). This included a recommendation that local Garda superintendents undergo refresher training for one week every year as scene commanders and a similar refresher course for
ERU officers of the rank of inspector or superintendent. Garda Commissioner Conroy, in a letter to the family of John Carthy, stated that the force was 'truly apologetic' for his death.
[16]
Former Superintendent Joe Shelley, whose failure to interview
John Carthy was cited in The
Barr Tribunal Report as "extraordinary", and who was also severely criticised in the Report of the
Morris Tribunal into the controversial death of Richie Barron, was awarded a top-up bonus of €110,000 when he took early retirement in
July 2005. Mr Justice Morris described Shelleys probe as "''prejudiced, tendentious, utterly negligent in the highest degree''".
[17]
Allegations involving abuse of powers
One of the first charges of serious impropriety against the force rose out of the handling of the
Sallins Train Robbery in 1976; this case eventually led to a serious
miscarriage of justice and accusations of a "Heavy Gang" operating within the force which intimidated and tortured the accused. This eventually led to a
Presidential pardon for one of the accused.
In 2004, an
RTÉ ''
Prime Time'' documentary accused elements within the Garda of abusing their powers by physically assaulting people arrested. A retired
Circuit Court judge (W. A. Murphy) suggested that some members of the force had committed
perjury in criminal trials before him but later stated that he was misquoted, while a
Minister of State (
Dick Roche) (junior government minister) accused Gardaí in one instance of "torture". The Garda Commissioner accused the television programme of lacking balance.
The Prime Time documentary followed hot on the heels of footage published by the
Independent Media Centre Ireland showing battles between Gardaí and
Reclaim the Streets demonstrators.
[18] One Garda shown in this footage was later convicted of common
assault which is a summary matter, while several other Gardaí were acquitted of all offenses.
Allegations involving cross-border policing
The family of
Eddie Fullerton, a
Buncrana Sinn Féin councillor killed in his home by members of the
Ulster Defence Association in 1991, have criticised the Gardaí's handling of the investigation and in 2005 they started a campaign for an inquiry.
The
Smithwick Tribunal is also investigating allegations of collusion following the deaths of two
Royal Ulster Constabulary officers killed by the
Provisional Irish Republican Army as they returned from a meeting with the Gardaí in the
Republic of Ireland following a recommendation from the
Cory Collusion Inquiry.
Garda reform initiatives
Mr Justice Morris also stated that the existing code of discipline was extremely complex and, at times, is cynically manipulated to promote indiscipline right across the force. Judicial reviews, for example, have been used to delay disciplinary action. The Garda Siochana Act 2005 is the vehicle which has been put in place to facilitate change and the inspiration for many of its provisions arise from the fall out from the events in Donegal and elsewhere.
Disciplinary constraints
Fifteen members of the force have been sacked between 2001 and 2006. A further 42 have resigned in lieu of dismissal in the same period. Commissioner Conroy stated that he is still constrained in the responses available to him to deal with members whose misbehaviour is cited in public inquiries.
[19]
New procedures; new code of discipline
The
Minister for Justice, Equality & Law Reform responded on
August 17 2006 by announcing a new draft code of discipline for gardaí with strong support from Opposition parties reflecting widespread political consensus. The new code is much more streamlined than the current code.
[20] New procedures has been introduced to enable the Commissioner to summarily dismiss a garda who is alleged to have brought the force into disrepute, abandoned duties, who compromises the security of the State or unjustifiably infringes the rights of other persons. The new code is to be brought before the Garda Conciliation and Arbitration Council and is anticipated to be operational within a few months. A whistleblowers charter is to be introduced also. Other complementary initiatives include:
Civilian management advisers
The
Minister for Justice, Equality & Law Reform appointed four member of this advisory team on
August 2 2006 to advise on implementing change options and addressing management and leadership challenges facing the Gardaí, promoting a culture of performance management; succession planning; the recruitment of civilians with specialist expertise and improving training. The civilians include Senator
Maurice Hayes, Emer Daly former director of strategic planning and risk management at Axa Insurance, Maurice Keane, former group chief executive at
Bank of Ireland and Dr Michael Mulreany, assistant director general at the Institute of Public Administration.
A new tier of senior civilian management is also being introduced within the organisation itself, in key administrative and technical/professional support areas such as human resources, information technology, finance and communications. A civilian Chief Administrative Officer at Deputy Commissioner level will shortly be appointed to oversee these functions, which in time will be largely if not completely managed by civilian staff.
Garda Inspectorate
In accordance with Section 115 of the Garda Síochána Act, the Inspectorate shall consist of 3 members, to be appointed by the Irish Government. The functions of the Inspectorate, ''inter alia'', are as follows:
★ carry out, at the request or with the consent of the Minister, inspections or inquiries in relation to any particular aspects of the operation and administration of the Garda Síochána,
★ submit to the Minister (1) a report on those inspections or inquiries, and (2) if required by the Minister, a report on the operation and administration of the Garda Síochána during a specified period and on any significant developments in that regard during that period, and any such reports will contain recommendations for any action that the Inspectorate considers necessary.
★ provide advice to the Minister with regard to best policing practice.
The first Chief Inspector, is former Commissioner of
Boston Police ,
Kathleen M. O'Toole and she reports to the
Minister for Justice, Equality & Law Reform. She commenced this role in July 2006. The two other inspectors are
Robert Olsen and
Gwen M. Boniface.
Olsen was Chief of Police for 8 years of the 800-strong
Minneapolis Police Department policing a city with a population of 382,000. He had a prickly relationship and his former boss, Mayor
R T Rybak who tried to sack Olsen in April 2002, but the Mayor did not secure the support of the City Council at that time and Olsen remained chief until the expiry of his employment contract.
[21][22]
Boniface became is a former Commissioner of the 7,000-strong
Ontario Provincial Police. She was one of 3 female police commissioners in Canada when appointed in May 1998.
Recently the Inspector suggested that rank and file Gardaí are not equipped to perform their duties or protect themselves properly. She also suggested routine arming may become a reality but dismissed the suggestion that this was currently being considered.
Garda Ombudsman Commission
The
Garda Ombudsman Commission is empowered to:
★ Directly and independently investigate complaints against members of the Garda Síochána
★ Investigate any matter, even where no complaint has been made, where it appears that a Garda may have committed an offence or behaved in a way that would justify disciplinary proceedings
★ Investigate any practise, policy or procedure of the Garda Síochána with a view to reducing the incidence of related complaints
The Garda Ombudsman Commission replaces the earlier system of complaints, the Garda Síochána Complaints Board, and became fully operational on 9th May, 2007. The Garda Síochána Act 2005 provides for the new Commission to replace the old mechanism.
The
Members of the Garda Ombudsman Commission are
Mr. Justice Kevin Haugh, a Judge of the High Court is Chairman of the Commission. The other Members are Ms Carmel Foley, formerly the Director of Consumer Affairs and Mr
Conor Brady, former Editor of
The Irish Times and author of a book on the history of the Garda.
Garda Band
Garda Band
The Garda Band is a public relations branch of An Garda Síochána. It was formed shortly after the foundation of the force and gave its first public performance on
Dún Laoghaire Pier on
Easter Monday,
1923. The band was a success and appeared at various functions and events around the country. The first
Band Master was
Superintendant D.J. Delaney and he formed a
céili and pipe band within the Garda Band.
In
1938, the Dublin Metropolitan Garda Band (who were based at
Kevin Street) and the Garda Band amalgamated and were based at the Garda Headquarters in the
Phoenix Park.
The band was disbanded in 1965 however to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the foundation of An Garda Síochána it was reformed on
1972.
Besides providing music for official Garda functions (such as Graduation Ceremonies at the
Garda College) the Band undertakes a heavy community orientated programme each year performing at schools, festivals and sporting events. It has a long association with
Lansdowne Road for
Rugby and
Soccer Internationals, the
St. Patrick's Day Parade in
Dublin and the
Rose of Tralee Festival.
The Band has also traveled to many international events and represented the country on a number of occasions at police festivals and concerts in Switzerland, Germany and Northern Ireland. In 1964 the band toured
America and
Canada under
Superintendant J. Moloney.
The current
music director of the band is
Inspector Pat Kenny.
Policing abroad
Since 1989 An Garda Síochána has undertaken
United Nations peace-keeping duties. Its first such mission was a 50 strong contingent sent to
Namibia. Since then the force has acted in
Angola,
Cambodia,
Cyprus,
Mozambique,
South Africa and the former
Yugoslavia. The force's first fatality, whilst working abroad, was Sergeant Paul M. Reid, who was fatally injured while on duty with the United Nations
UNPROFOR at "Sniper's Alley" in
Sarajevo on
18 May,
1995.
Members of An Garda Síochána also serve in the Embassies of Ireland in
London,
The Hague,
Madrid and
Paris. Members are also seconded to
Europol in The Hague, Holland and
Interpol in Lyon, France. There are also many members working directly for UN and European agencies such as the War Crimes Tribunal.
Garda officers also co-operate with members of the
Police Service of Northern Ireland in order to combat cross-border crime. They have also accompanied politicians from the Republic, such as
the President on visits to
Northern Ireland.
Under an agreement with the
British Government and the
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the Garda Síochána and the
Radiological Protection Institute of Ireland are allowed to inspect the
Sellafield nuclear facility,
Cumbria,
England.
References
1. Short History of An Garda Siochana
2. A Dictionary of Hiberno English: the Irish use of English, , Terence Patrick, Dolan, Gill & Macmillan Ltd, , ISBN 0717135357
3. Written Answers - Garda Titles from Dáil Éireann - Volume 404 - 5 February 1991
4. http://www.gaelport.com/index.php?page=clippings&id=1615&viewby=date
5. http://www.garda.ie/angarda/faq.html#G2 Official Garda figures as at 2005-12-31
6.
First Garda Reserve members graduate
7. According to Irish constitutional theory he met the Lord Lieutenant to accept the surrender of Dublin Castle. However, as far as the British government were concerned, the purpose of the meeting was for the Lord Lieutenant to formally appoint Collins as Chairman of the Provisional Government.
8. Garda Síochána (Temporary Provisions) Act 1923
9. Garda.ie - History of the Scott Medal
10. Garda Síochána Act 1979
11. Garda Síochána Complaints Board - Annual Report 2005
12. http://gcmonitor.org/article.php?id=598
13. http://www.independent.ie/national-news/green-party-calls-on-gardai-to-rethink-its-ban-on-sikh-turban-1063475.html Green Party calls on Gardai to rethink its ban on Sikh turban
14. 'The Ferns Report', October 25 2005
15. http://www.gayhealthnetwork.ie/folder/web/pdf/hatecrimereport.pdf
16. 'Irish Independent', August 11 2006 'Top garda apologies to Carthy family for fatal siege'
17. 'Irish Independent', July 24 2006 'Garda got €110,000 bonus despite chequered job history'
18. "Garda Goes Berserk"
19. Insubordination not widespread, says Garda chief
20. Statement by the Minister for Justice, Equality & Law Reform on the publication of the 3rd, 4th and 5th Reports of the Morris Tribunal
21. 'Minnesota Public Radio', April 26 2002 'Chief Olsen: "I'm staying"
22. 'Minneapolis/St Paul City Pages' January 4 2006 'Splitsville?'
See also
★
Criminal Assets Bureau
★
Emergency Response Unit
★
Garda Síochána College
★
GUBU
★
Irish Army Rangers
★
Police Service of Northern Ireland
★
Royal Ulster Constabulary
★
Special constable
★
Juvenile Liaison Officer
External links
★
Official site - An Garda Síochána
★
Garda Síochána Ombudsman Commission
★
Garda Headquarters, Phoenix Park, Dublin
★
Association of Garda Sergeants and Inspectors
★
Garda Síochána mission statement on community policing
★
Morris Tribunal
★
Garda Síochána Act, 2005
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