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'Ganglioside' is a compound composed of a glycosphingolipid (ceramide and oligosaccharide) with one or more sialic acids (AKA n-acetylneuraminic acid) linked on the sugar chain.
It is a component of the cell plasma membrane which modulates cell signal transduction events.
They have recently been found to be highly important in immunology. Natural and semisynthetic gangliosides are considered possible therapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders.^[1]
Haemagglutinin of Influenza virus exploits certain gangliosides to enter and infect the cells expressing them

Contents

Common gangliosides

References

External links

Common gangliosides

★ GD1a

★ GD1b

★ GD2

★ GD3

★ GM1

★ GM2

★ GM3

★ GT1b
structures of the common gangliosides:
'GM2-1' = aNeu5Ac(2-3)bDGalp(1-?)bDGalNAc(1-?)bDGalNAc(1-?)bDGlcp(1-1)Cer

'GM3' = aNeu5Ac(2-3)bDGalp(1-4)bDGlcp(1-1)Cer

'GM2,GM2a(?)' = bDGalpNAc(1-4)[aNeu5Ac(2-3)]bDGalp(1-4)bDGlcp(1-1)Cer

'GM2b(?)' = aNeu5Ac(2-8)aNeu5Ac(2-3)bDGalp(1-4)bDGlcp(1-1)Cer

'GM1,GM1a' = bDGalp(1-3)bDGalNAc[aNeu5Ac(2-3)]bDGalp(1-4)bDGlcp(1-1)Cer

'asialo-GM1,GA1' = bDGalp(1-3)bDGalpNAc(1-4)bDGalp(1-4)bDGlcp(1-1)Cer

'asialo-GM2,GA2' = bDGalpNAc(1-4)bDGalp(1-4)bDGlcp(1-1)Cer

'GM1b' = aNeu5Ac(2-3)bDGalp(1-3)bDGalNAc(1-4)bDGalp(1-4)bDGlcp(1-1)Cer

'GD3' = aNeu5Ac(2-8)aNeu5Ac(2-3)bDGalp(1-4)bDGlcp(1-1)Cer

'GD2' = bDGalpNAc(1-4)[aNeu5Ac(2-8)aNeu5Ac(2-3)]bDGalp(1-4)bDGlcp(1-1)Cer

'GD1a' = aNeu5Ac(2-3)bDGalp(1-3)bDGalNAc(1-4)[aNeu5Ac(2-3)]bDGalp(1-4)bDGlcp(1-1)Cer

'GD1alpha' = aNeu5Ac(2-3)bDGalp(1-3)bDGalNAc(1-4)[aNeu5Ac(2-6)]bDGalp(1-4)bDGlcp(1-1)Cer

'GD1b' = bDGalp(1-3)bDGalNAc(1-4)[aNeu5Ac(2-8)aNeu5Ac(2-3)]bDGalp(1-4)bDGlcp(1-1)Cer

'GT1a' = aNeu5Ac(2-8)aNeu5Ac(2-3)bDGalp(1-3)bDGalNAc(1-4)[aNeu5Ac(2-3)]bDGalp(1-4)bDGlcp(1-1)Cer

'GT1,GT1b' = aNeu5Ac(2-3)bDGalp(1-3)bDGalNAc(1-4)[aNeu5Ac(2-8)aNeu5Ac(2-3)]bDGalp(1-4)bDGlcp(1-1)Cer

'OAc-GT1b' = aNeu5Ac(2-3)bDGalp(1-3)bDGalNAc(1-4)aXNeu5Ac9Ac(2-8)aNeu5Ac(2-3)]bDGalp(1-4)bDGlcp(1-1)Cer

'GT1c' = bDGalp(1-3)bDGalNAc(1-4)[aNeu5Ac(2-8)aNeu5Ac(2-8)aNeu5Ac(2-3)]bDGalp(1-4)bDGlcp(1-1)Cer

'GT3' = aNeu5Ac(2-8)aNeu5Ac(2-8)aNeu5Ac(2-3)bDGal(1-4)bDGlc(1-1)Cer

'GQ1b' = aNeu5Ac(2-8)aNeu5Ac(2-3)bDGalp(1-3)bDGalNAc(1-4)[aNeu5Ac(2-8)aNeu5Ac(2-3)]bDGalp(1-4)bDGlcp(1-1)Cer

'GGal' = aNeu5Ac(2-3)bDGalp(1-1)Cer

where

aNeu5Ac = 5-acetyl-alpha-neuraminic acid

aNeu5Ac9Ac = 5,9-diacetyl-alpha-neuraminic acid

bDGalp = beta-D-galactopyranose

bDGalpNAc = N-acetyl-beta-D-galactopyranose

bDGlcp = beta-D-glucopyranose

Cer = ceramide (general N-acylated sphingoid)

References

1. Exogenous gangliosides, neuronal plasticity and repair, and the neurotrophins, Mocchetti I, , , Cell Mol Life Sci, 2005

External links

★

★ Overview of gangliosides at lipidlibrary.co.uk

★ Overview of gangliosides at cyberlipid.org