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'Gamma-glutamyl carboxylase' ^[1][2] is an enzyme which oxidizes Vitamin K hydroquinone to Vitamin K 2,3 epoxide, while simultaneously adding CO2 to protein-bound glutamic acid (abbreviation = Glu) to form gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (also called gamma-carboxyglutamate, abbreviation = Gla). The carboxylation reaction will only proceed if the carboxylase enzyme is able to oxidize Vitamin K hydroquinone to vitamin K epoxide at the same time; the carboxylation and epoxidation reactions are said to be coupled reactions.

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References

★ David A. Bender, ''Nutritional biochemistry of the vitamins'', Cambridge University Press, 2003

★ G. F. M. Ball, ''Vitamins: their role in the human body'', Blackwell Science, 2004

★ Gerald F. Combs, ''The vitamins: fundamental aspects in nutrition and health'', Academic Press, 1998
1. Suttie JW, Vitamin K-dependent carboxylase, ''Annual Review of Biochemistry,''1985, 54:459-77. Review. PMID: 3896125
2. Presnell SR, Stafford DW, The vitamin K-dependent carboxylase, ''Thrombosis and Haemostasis'', 2002, 87(6):937-46. Review. PMID: 12083499

See also

★ Carboxyglutamate

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