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'Friesland' () is a province in the north of the Netherlands and part of the bigger region known as Frisia. Its name in the Frisian language is ''Fryslân'', which has also been its official name since 1997, and is therefore also used in official Dutch language publications. Friesland has 643,000 inhabitants (2005) and its capital is Leeuwarden (''Ljouwert''), with 91,817 inhabitants, in the center of the province.

Contents

Distinguishing features

Cities

Major towns

Municipalities

See also

References

External links

Distinguishing features

Friesland distinguishes itself from the other eleven provinces through having its own language, which is also spoken in a minor part of the province of Groningen, to the east. Closely related languages, East Frisian ("''Seeltersk''", which is different from "East Frisian (''Ostfriesisch'')", a collection of Low German dialects of East Frisia) and North Frisian, are spoken in the Saterland and in North Friesland areas in Germany, respectively. Friesland was a part of the German empire until 1680 when it separated and joined the Netherlands. Part of Friesland is still considered part of Germany (Ostfriesland)
The English language is also closely related to Frisian. There is a saying about it: "As milk is to cheese, are English and Fries." Another version of this saying reads (in Frisian): "Bûter, brea, en griene tsiis; wa't dat net sizze kin, is gjin oprjochte Fries", which in English reads: "Butter, bread, and green cheese, whoever can't say that is no sincere Fries" (According to legend, the 16th century Frisian freedom fighter Pier Gerlofs Donia forced his captives to repeat this shibboleth to distinguish Frisians from Dutch and Low Germans). The saying plays on the sound differences between the Dutch and Frisian words for "butter, bread, and green cheese", which in Frisian are pronounced almost identically to their English counterparts (showing the original closeness between the two languages), while in Dutch ("Boter, brood, en groene kaas"), these words sound quite different.
Friesland is mainly an agricultural province. The famous black and white Frisian cattle and the well known black Friesian horse originated here. Tourism, mainly on the lakes in the south west of the province, and on the islands in the Wadden Sea in the north, is an important source of income, too. Technology companies such as Asset Control have also set up base in Friesland.
The province is famous for its speed skaters, with mass participation in cross-country skating when weather conditions permit. In winters that are cold enough to allow the freshwater canals to freeze hard, the province is the focus of the Elfstedentocht (Eleven cities tour), a 200 kilometers ice skating tour. In the warmer months, many Frisians practice ''wadlopen'', the traditional art of wading across designated sections of the Wadden Sea at low tide. Another Frisian practice is fierljeppen, a sport with some similarities to pole vaulting. A jump consists of an intense sprint to the pole (polsstok), jumping and grabbing it, then climbing to the top while trying to control the pole's forward and lateral movements over a body of water and finishing with a graceful landing on a sand bed opposite to the starting point. Because of all the diverse skills required in fierljeppen, fierljeppers are considered to be very complete athletes with superbly developed strength and coordination. Another interesting feature are the many windmills. There are 195 windmills in the province of Friesland, from a total of about 1200 in the entire country.

Cities

★ Leeuwarden (''Ljouwert'')

★ Sneek (''Snits'')

★ IJlst (''Drylts'')

★ Sloten (''Sleat'')

★ Stavoren (''Starum'')

★ Hindeloopen (''Hylpen'')

★ Workum (''Warkum'')

★ Bolsward (''Boalsert'')

★ Harlingen (''Harns'')

★ Franeker (''Frjentsjer'')

★ Dokkum (''Dokkum'')

Major towns

★ Drachten (mun. Smallingerland)

★ Heerenveen (''It Hearrenfean'')

Municipalities

★ Achtkarspelen

★ Ameland

★ Boarnsterhim

★ Bolsward

★ Dantumadeel

★ Dongeradeel

★ Ferwerderadiel

★ Franekeradeel

★ Gaasterlân-Sleat

★ Harlingen

★ Heerenveen

★ Het Bildt

★ Kollumerland c.a.

★ Leeuwarden

★ Leeuwarderadeel

★ Lemsterland

★ Littenseradiel

★ Menaldumadeel

★ Nijefurd

★ Ooststellingwerf

★ Opsterland

★ Schiermonnikoog

★ Skarsterlân

★ Smallingerland

★ Sneek

★ Terschelling

★ Tytsjerksteradiel

★ Vlieland

★ Weststellingwerf

★ Wûnseradiel

★ Wymbritseradiel

See also

★ De âlde Friezen (Friesland's anthem)

★ Frisia

★ Frisian Islands

★ Frisians

★ Frisian language

★ Frise

References

External links

★ Website of the province

★ Frisian Film Archive

★ Ancient History of Friesland

★ Map of Province

★ Frisian Droughts

★ Frisian homeland site

★ Bus maps:

★
★ Friesland (Link is Down 2007-03-13)