FRANCIZATION

'Francization' (also 'Frenchification' or 'Gallicization') is the process of giving a French character to a word, an organization, or a person. ^[1] It has often been used in the English speaking world and other cultures to give the appearance of refinement, quality, or breeding.
There are many examples of Francization in history and popular culture:

★ ''Crème anglaise'' replacing the word "custard" on restaurant menus.

★ Anne Boleyn choosing the French spelling ''Boleyn'' over the traditional English ''Bolin'' or ''Bullen''.

★ Mary I of Scotland choosing the spelling Stuart over ''Stewart'' for the name of her dynasty.

★ The common "-esc''u''" final particle in Romanian being traditionally changed to "-esc''o''" in French spellings, and being occasionally adopted by the persons themselves as a French equivalent of their names (''see Eugène Ionesco, Irina Ionesco, Marthe Bibesco'').
The term can also be applied to the forced adoption of the French language by minority groups, such as the Francisation of the German-speaking inhabitants of Alsace-Lorraine after this region was reannexed by France following the First World War.
The same exists for other languages, for example English, in which case objects or persons can be Anglicized.

Contents

Francization in Quebec

See also

References

Francization in Quebec

The Government of Quebec has francization policies intended to establish French as the primary language of business and commerce. All businesses are required to provide written communications and schedules in French, and may not make knowledge of a language other than French a condition of hiring unless this is justified by the nature of the duties. Businesses with more than fifty employees are required to register with the Quebec Office of the French language in order to become eligible for a francization certificate, which is granted if the linguistic requirements are met. If not, employers are required to adopt a francization programme, which includes having employees, especially ones in managerial positions, who do not speak French or whose grasp of French is weak attend French-language training. ^[2]
As part of the francization programme, the Quebec government provides free language courses for recent immigrants (from other countries or other provinces) who do not speak French or whose command of French is weak. The government also provides financial assistance for those who are unable to find employment due to being unable to speak French. ^[3]
Another aspect of francization in Quebec regards the quality of the French used in Quebec. The Quebec Office of the French language has, since its formation, undertaken to discourage anglicisms and to promote high standards of French language education in schools. ^[4]
Such francization programmes have been credited with preserving and strengthening the status of the French language in Quebec, which was considered to be increasingly at risk during the 1960s and 1970s. ^[5]
Rates of francization may be established for any group by comparing the number of people who usually speak French to the total number of people in the minority language group. See Calvin Veltman's '"Language Shift in the United States"' (1983) for a discussion.

See also

★ Sinicization

★ Gallicism

★ Anglicisation

★ Anglicism

★ Americanization

★ Gaelicization

★ Germanization

★ Russification

★ Sanskritism

★ Polonization

★ Ukrainization

References

1. [1]. Encarta World English Dictionary, North American Edition
URL accessed on December 6 2006.
2. Summary of the language of work and francization of business firms
3. Information from the Quebec government
4. Quebec Charter of the French language
5. Quebec entry in ''Encarta''