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'''Firefly''' is an American science fiction television series created by writer/director Joss Whedon, creator of ''Buffy the Vampire Slayer'' and ''Angel'', under his Mutant Enemy Productions.
Its naturalistic future setting, modeled after traditional Western movie motifs, presents an atypical science fiction backdrop for the narrative. Whedon served as executive producer, along with Tim Minear.
''Firefly'' premiered in the United States and Canada on the FOX network on September 20, 2002. It was cancelled after only eleven of the fourteen produced episodes were aired. Despite the series' relatively short life span, it received strong sales when it was released onto DVD, and has impressive fan support campaigns.^[1][2] It won an Emmy in 2003 for "Outstanding Special Visual Effects for a Series". The post-airing success of the show led Whedon and Universal Pictures to produce a film based on the series, titled ''Serenity'' after the fictional "Firefly" class spaceship featured in the show.^[3]
The series is set in the year 2517, after humans have arrived at a new star system, and follows the adventures of the renegade crew of ''Serenity'', a ''Firefly''-class spaceship. The ensemble cast portrays the nine characters who live on ''Serenity''. Whedon pitched the show as "nine people looking into the blackness of space and seeing nine different things".^[4] The show explores the of people who fought on the losing side of a civil war, as well as the pioneer culture that exists on the fringes of their star system. In addition, it is a future where the only two surviving superpowers, the United States and China, fused to form the central federal government, called the Alliance, resulting in a fusion of the two cultures, as well. According to Whedon, nothing has changed in the future: there are more people with more advanced technology, but they still have the same problems politically, morally, and ethically.^[5]

Contents

Production

Genesis

Format

Set design

Music

Casting

Staff and crew

Costume

Plot

Back story

Synopsis

Signature show elements

Cast

Main characters

Recurring characters

Reception

Critical review

Cult status

Fandom

Awards

Broadcast history

Spin-offs

Feature film ''Serenity''

Comics

Roleplaying game

Books

Computer game

Notes

References

External links

Production

Genesis

Whedon developed the concept for the show after reading ''The Killer Angels'', a novel chronicling the Battle of Gettysburg during the American Civil War. He wished to follow people who had fought on the losing side of a war and their experiences afterwards as pioneers and immigrants on the outskirts of civilization, much like the post-American Civil War era of Reconstruction and the American Old West culture.^[6] It was intended to be "a ''Stagecoach'' kind of drama with a lot of people trying to figure out their lives in a bleak and pioneer environment."^[7] Whedon wanted to develop a show about the tactile nature of life, a show where existence was more physical and more difficult.⁹ After reading ''The Killer Angels'', Whedon read a book about Jewish partisan fighters in World War II that also influenced him.⁶ Whedon wished to create something for television that was more character-driven and gritty than modern science fiction. Television science fiction, he felt, had become too pristine and rarefied.^[8]
Whedon wished to give the show a name that indicated movement and power, and felt that "firefly" had both. This powerful word's relatively insignificant meaning, Whedon felt, added to its allure. He eventually wound up creating the ship in the image of a firefly.^[9]

Format

During filming of the pilot episode, Whedon was still arguing with FOX that the show should be displayed in widescreen format. Consequently, he purposely filmed scenes with actors on the extreme edge of both sides so that they would have no choice.^[9] However, the pilot was rejected by the FOX executives, who felt that it lacked action and that the captain was too "dour".^[11] They also disliked a scene in which the crew backed down to a crime boss, since the scene implied the crew was "being nothing".⁹ Thus, FOX told Whedon on a Friday afternoon that he had to submit a new pilot script on Monday morning or the show would not be picked up.¹¹ Whedon and Tim Minear closeted themselves for the weekend to write what became the new pilot, "The Train Job".¹¹ In this new pilot, the captain was more "jolly" and, at the direction of FOX, they added "larger than life" characters.^11[12] These characters manifested themselves in the henchman "Crow", and the "hands of blue" men, which also introduced an ''X-Files''-type ending.¹²
For the new pilot, FOX made it clear that they would not air the episodes in the widescreen format. Whedon and company felt they had to "serve two masters" by filming widescreen for eventual DVD release, but keeping objects in frame so it could still work when aired in pan and scan full frame.^[13] To give the audience an immersive and immediate feeling, the episodes were filmed in a documentary style with hand-held cameras, giving them the look of "found footage", with deliberately misframed or out-of-focus subjects^9[14] As Whedon related: "...don't be arch, don't be sweeping - be found, be rough and tumble and docu[mentary] and you-are-there".^[15] Computer-generated scenes mimicked the motion of a hand-held camera. This style was not used, however, when shooting scenes that involved the central government, the Alliance. Tracking and steady cameras were used to show the sterility of this aspect of the ''Firefly'' universe.⁹ Another style employed was lens flares, harkening back to 1970s television. This style was so desired that the director of photography, David Boyd, sent back the state-of-the-art lenses, which naturally compensated for light flares, for cheaper ones.⁹

Exterior shots of action occurring in outer space realistically lack sound effects, an approach that stood in contrast to many science fiction films and television series. This style of special effects was developed by Zoic Studios, the company responsible for the special effects in ''Firefly''. After ''Firefly'' was cancelled, Zoic Studios worked on the special effects for the re-imagining of ''Battlestar Galactica''. In the introductory mini-series for ''Battlestar Galactica'', ''Serenity'' can be seen flying overhead in an early scene.^[16]

Set design

Production designer Carey Meyer built the ship ''Serenity'' in two parts (one for each level) as a complete set, with ceilings and practical lighting installed as part of the set that the cameras could utilize, along with moveable parts.^14[17] The two-part set also allowed the second unit to shoot in one section while the actors and first unit worked undisturbed in the other. As Whedon recalled: "...you could pull it away or move something huge, so that you could get in and around everything. That meant the environment worked for us and there weren't a lot of adjustments that needed to be made".¹⁷ There were other benefits to this set design. One was that it allowed the viewers to feel they were really in a ship.¹⁴ For Whedon, the design of the ship was crucial in defining the known space for the viewer, and that there were not "fourteen hundred decks and a holodeck and an all-you-can-eat buffet in the back".^[18] He wanted to convey that it was utilitarian and that it was "beat-up but lived-in and ultimately, it was home".^[19] In addition, each room represented a feeling or character, usually conveyed by the paint color.¹⁸ Whedon was also keen on utilizing vertical space; thus, having the crew's quarters accessible by ladder was important.¹⁷ Another benefit of the set design was that it also allowed the actors to stay in the moment and interact, without having to stop after each shot and reset up for the next.¹⁴ This helped contribute to the documentary-style Whedon strove for.
The set had several influences, including the sliding doors and the tiny cubicles reminiscent of Japanese hotels.¹⁷ Artist Larry Dixon has noted that the cargo bay walls are "reminiscent of interlaced, overlapping Asian designs, cleverly reminding us of the American-Chinese Alliance setting while artistically forming a patterned plane for background scale reference".^[20] Dixon has also remarked on how the set design contributed to the storytelling through the use of color, depth and composition, lighting, as well as its use of diagonals and patterned shadows.²⁰
Their small budget was another reason to use the ship for much of the storytelling. When the characters did go off the ship, the worlds all had Earth atmosphere and coloring because they could not afford to design alien worlds. "I didn't want to go to Yucca Flats every other episode and transform it into Bizarro World by making the sky orange" recalled Whedon.¹⁵ As Meyer recalled: "I think in the end the feel was that we wound up using a lot of places or exteriors that just felt too Western and we didn't necessarily want to go that way; but at some point, it just became the lesser of two evils—what could we actually create in three days?"^[21]

Music

The theme song, "The Ballad of Serenity", was written by Joss Whedon and performed by Sonny Rhodes. Whedon wrote the song before the series was greenlit and a preliminary recording performed by Whedon can be found on the DVD release.
The soundtrack to the series was released on CD on November 8, 2005 by Varèse Sarabande. The musical score expressed the cultural fusion depicted in the show. Cowboy guitar blended with Asian influence produced the atmospheric background for the series. As one reviewer stated:

Old music from the future — the music of roaring campfires and racous ''(sic)'' cowboys mixed with the warm, pensive sounds of Asian culture and, occasionally, a cold imperial trumpet, heralding the ominous structural presence of a domineering government. Completely thrilling.^[22]

Greg Edmonson composed the musical score for the series. He stated that he wrote for the emotion of the moment. However, one reviewer averred that he also wrote for the characters. She went on to further state: "... Edmonson has developed a specialized collection of musical symbolism for the series ..."^[23] To help illustrate the collection, she gave key "signatures" various names, noting that "Serenity" recalls the theme of the show and is used when they return to the ship, or when they were meeting clandestinely; it was "the sound of their home." The slide guitar and fiddle used in this piece are portable instruments which fit the lifestyle of the crew: "... the music they make calls up tunes played out in the open, by people who were hundreds of miles away yesterday. 'Serenity' conjures the nomadic lifestyle the crew leads and underlines the western aspect of the show."²³ Another emotional signature was "Sad Violin". It was used at the end of the Battle of Serenity Valley, but also helped set up the joke for when Mal tells Simon that Kaylee is dead in the episode "Serenity". The most memorable use of "Sad Violin", however, is at the end of "The Message", when the crew mourned the death of Tracey. This was also the last scene of the last episode the actors shot, and so this was seen by them, and Edmonson, as ''Firefly'''s farewell. To denote impending danger, "Peril" was used, which is "a low pulse, like a heartbeat, with deep chimes and low strings."²³ The reviewer also noted character signatures. The criminal Niska has his own signature: Eastern European or Middle Eastern melodies over a low drone. Simon and River's signature was a piano played sparsely with a violin in the background. This is in contrast to the portable instruments of "Serenity": the piano is an instrument that cannot be easily moved and evokes the image of "the distant house and family they both long for." The various signatures were mostly established in the first pilot, "Serenity", and helped enhance the narrative. "In every episode, the musical score intensified my experience of this intelligent, remarkable show. Using and combining all these signatures, Greg Edmonson brought out aspects of ''Firefly'''s story and characters that were never explicitly revealed in the other elements of the series."²³

Casting

In casting his nine-member crew, Whedon looked first at the actor and their chemistry with others. Cast member Sean Maher recalls, "So then he just sort of put us all together, and I think it was very quick, like right out of the gate, we all instantly bonded".^[24] All nine cast members were chosen before filming began. However, while filming the original pilot "Serenity", Whedon realized that the actress initially cast as Inara Serra (Rebecca Gayheart) was unsuitable for the role. He shot her scenes in singles so that it would be easier to replace her.^[25] Morena Baccarin auditioned for the role and two days later was on the set in her first television show. "Joss brought me down from the testing room like a proud dad, holding my hand and introducing me,"^[26] Baccarin recalled.
Whedon approached Nathan Fillion to play the lead role of Malcolm Reynolds; after explaining the premise and showing Fillion the treatment for the pilot, Fillion was eager for the role.^[27] Fillion was called back several times to read for the part before he was cast. He noted that "it was really thrilling. It was my first lead and I was pretty nervous, but I really wanted that part and I wanted to tell those stories."^[28] Fillion later said he was "heartbroken" when he learned the series had been cancelled.
Alan Tudyk auditioned through a casting office and several months later was called in for a test audition, where he met with Whedon. He was then told to come back in to test with the possible Zoes (his character's wife) and that it was down to him and one other candidate. The Zoes did not work out and Tudyk was sent home, but received a call on his phone informing him he had the part anyway.^[29] His audition tape is included in the special features of the series' DVD release.
Veteran science fiction-fantasy actress Gina Torres (''The Matrix Reloaded'', ''Alias'', '') was not at first interested in doing another science fiction show, but "was won over by the quality of the source material."^[30] As she recalled, "So you had these challenged characters inhabiting a challenging world and that makes for great storytelling. And no aliens!"³⁰
For Adam Baldwin, who grew up watching westerns, the character of Jayne Cobb was a particularly resonant role.^[31]
Canadian actress Jewel Staite has been an actress since age nine. She videotaped her audition from Vancouver and then was asked to come to Los Angeles to meet Whedon, when she was cast for the role of Kaylee Frye, the ship's engineer.^[32]
Sean Maher recalls reading for the part and liking the character of Simon Tam, but that it was Whedon's personality and vision that "sealed the deal" for him.²⁴ For the role of Simon's sister, Whedon called in Summer Glau for an audition and test the same day. Glau had first worked for Whedon in the ''Angel'' episode "Waiting in the Wings". Two weeks later, Whedon called her to tell her she had the part.^[33]
The veteran television actor Ron Glass (''Barney Miller'', ''All in the Family''), has said that until ''Firefly'', he had not experienced or sought a science-fiction western role but he fell in love with the pilot script and the character of Shepherd Book.^[34] Also, Glass' own religious beliefs (he is, in reality, a Buddhist) gave credence to the ambiguity over Book's creed versus his uncharacteristic knowledge of extra-legal affairs and mysterious past.

Staff and crew

Tim Minear was selected by Whedon to be the show runner, who serves as the head writer and production leader. According to Whedon "[Minear] understood the show as well as any human being, and just brought so much to it that I think of it as though he were always a part of it."^[35] Many of the other production staff were selected from people Whedon had worked with in the past, with the exception of the director of photography David Boyd, who was the "big find" and who was "full of joy and energy."^[36]
The writers were selected after interviews and script samplings. Among the writers were José Molina, Ben Edlund, Cheryl Cain, Brett Matthews, Drew Greenberg and Jane Espenson.³⁶ Espenson wrote an essay on the writing process with Mutant Enemy. A meeting is held and an idea is floated, generally by Whedon, and the writers brainstorm to develop the central theme of the episode and the character development. Next, the staff meets in the anteroom to Whedon's office to begin "breaking" the story into acts and scenes. The only one absent is the writer working on the previous week's episode. For the team, one of the key components to devising acts is deciding where to break for commercial and ensuring the viewer returns. "Finding these moments in the story help give it shape: think of them as tentpoles that support the structure," wrote Espenson.^[37] For instance, in "Shindig", the break for commercial occurs when Malcolm Reynolds is gravely injured and losing the duel. As Espenson elaborates: "It does not end when Mal turns the fight around, when he stands victorious over his opponent. They're both big moments, but one of them leaves you curious and the other doesn't."³⁷
Next, the writers develop the scenes onto a marker-filled whiteboard, featuring a "brief ordered description of each scene."³⁷ A writer is selected to create an outline of the episode's concept — occasionally with some dialog and jokes — in one day. The outline is given to showrunner Tim Minear, who revises it within a day. The writer uses the revised outline to write the first draft of the script while the other writers work on developing the next. This first draft is usually submitted for revision with three to fourteen days; afterward, a second and sometimes third draft is written. After all revisions were made, the final draft would be produced as the "shooting draft".³⁷

Costume

Firefly's original costume designer — Jill Ohanneson — brought on Shawna Trpcic as her assistant for the pilot. When the show was picked up, Ohanneson was involved in another job and declined ''Firefly'', suggesting Trpcic for the job. The costumes were chiefly influenced by World War II, the American Civil War, the American Old West, and 1861 samurai Japan. In wanting to convey the feeling of "home" with the costumes, Trpcic used deep reds and oranges for the main cast, and contrasted that with grays and cool blues for the Alliance.^[38] Since the characters were often getting shot, Trpcic would make up to six versions of the same costume for multiple takes.^[39]
For the character of River, Trpcic used mostly jewel tones to set her apart from the rest of the ''Serenity'' crew. She also had River wear boots, to contrast with the soft fabrics of her clothes, "because that's who she is — she's this soft, beautiful, sensitive girl, but with this hardcore inner character," recalled Trpcic.^[40] Trpcic also wanted to contrast the character of Simon, River's brother, with the rest of the crew. Whereas they were dressed in cotton, Simon wore wool, stiff fabrics, satins and silk. He was the "dandy", but as the show progressed, he loosened up slightly.^[41] For Kaylee, Trpcic studied up on Japanese and Chinese youth, as originally the character was Asian. Other inspirations for Kaylee's costumes were Rosie the Riveter and Chinese Communist posters.^[42] Trpcic designed and created the clothes for the minor character of Badger, with Joss Whedon in mind, since he was slated to play that part. When Mark A. Sheppard played the role instead, he was able to fit into the clothes made for Whedon.^[43] For the Alliance, besides the grays and cool blues, Trpcic had in mind Nazi Germany, but mixed it with different wars, as the first sketches were "too Nazi".^[44]

Plot

Back story

The series takes place in the year 2517, on several planets and moons. The TV series does not reveal whether these celestial bodies are in one star system, and does not explain whether ''Serenity's mode of propulsion is faster-than-light, only that it is a "gravity-drive". The film ''Serenity'' makes clear that all the planets and moons are in one large system, and production documents related to the film indicate that there is no faster-than-light travel in this universe. The characters occasionally refer to "Earth-that-was" and in the film, it is established that long before the events in the series a large population had emigrated from Earth to a new star system in multi-generational spaceships : "Earth that was could no longer sustain our numbers, we were so many." The emigrants established themselves in this new star system, with "dozens of planets and hundreds of moons." Many of these were terraformed, a process in which a planet or moon is altered to resemble the Earth. The terraforming process was only the first step in making a planet habitable, however, and the outlying settlements often did not receive any further support in the construction of their civilizations. This resulted in many of the border planets and moons having forbidding, dry environments, well suited to the Western genre.

Synopsis

The show takes its name from the ''Firefly''-class spaceship ''Serenity'' that the central characters call home. It resembles a firefly in general arrangement, and the tail section, analogous to a bioluminescent insectoid abdomen, lights up during acceleration.
Throughout the series the Alliance are shown to govern the star system through an organization of "core" planets, following its success in forcibly unifying all of the colonies under a single government. DVD commentary suggests that two primary "core" planets comprise the Alliance, one predominantly Western in culture, the other pan-Asian, justifying the series' mixed linguistic and visual themes. The central planets are firmly under Alliance control, but the outlying planets and moons resemble the 19th century American West, with little governmental authority. Settlers and refugees on the outlying worlds ("out in the black" or "heading for the black") have relative freedom from the central government, but lack the amenities of the high-tech civilization that exist on the inner worlds. In addition, the outlying areas are rife with Reavers, a roving cannibalistic race.
Into this mix are thrown the protagonists of the show. The captain of the crew of ''Serenity'' is Malcolm "Mal" Reynolds (Nathan Fillion) and the episode "Serenity" establishes that the captain and his first mate Zoe Washburne (Gina Torres) are veteran "Browncoats" of the Unification War, a failed attempt by the outlying worlds to resist the Alliance's assertion of control. A later episode, titled "Out of Gas," reveals that Mal bought the spaceship ''Serenity'' in order to continue living beyond Alliance control. Much of the crew's work consists of cargo runs or smuggling. One of the main story arcs is that of River Tam (Summer Glau) and her brother Simon (Sean Maher). River was a child prodigy, whose brain was subjected to experiments. As a result, she displays schizophrenia and often hears voices. It is later revealed that she is a "reader," one who possesses psychic abilities. Simon gave up a highly successful career as a trauma surgeon to rescue her from the Alliance and as a result of this rescue they are both wanted criminals. In the original pilot "Serenity," Simon joins the crew as a paying passenger with River smuggled on board as cargo. As Whedon states in an episodic DVD commentary, every show he does is about creating family.⁹ By the last episode, "Objects in Space," the fractured character of River has finally become whole, partly because the others decided to accept her into their "family" on the ship.⁹

Signature show elements

The show featured a blend of elements from the space opera and Western genres, depicting mankind's future in a different manner than most contemporary science fiction programs in that there are no alien creatures or space battles. ''Firefly'' takes place in a multi-cultural future, primarily a fusion of Occidental and Chinese cultures, where there is a significant division between the rich and poor. As a result of the Sino-American Alliance, Mandarin Chinese is a common second language; it is used in advertisements, and characters in the show frequently use Chinese words and curses. According to the DVD commentary on the episode "Serenity", this was explained as being the result of China and the United States being the two superpowers that expanded into space.^[45]
The show also features slang not used in contemporary culture, such as adaptations of modern words, or new words altogether (e.g. "shiny" as a synonym of "cool"). The Japanese katakana and an Old West dialect are also employed. As one reviewer noted: "The dialogue tended to be a bizarre puree of wisecracks, old-timey Western-paperback patois, and snatches of Chinese."³
Tim Minear and Joss Whedon have pointed to several scenes that they believed articulated the mission statement of the show.⁹ One scene is in the original pilot "Serenity", when Mal is eating with chopsticks and a Western tin cup is by his plate; the other is in the "The Train Job" pilot, when Mal is thrown out of a holographic bar window.¹¹ The DVD set's 'making-of' documentary reveals the series' distinctive frontispiece (wherein ''Serenity'' soars over a corral of unshod horses) as Whedon's attempt to capture "everything you need to understand about the series in five seconds."
One of the struggles that Whedon had with FOX was the tone of the show, especially with the main character Malcolm Reynolds. FOX pressured Whedon to make his character more "jolly", as they feared he was too dark in the original pilot. In addition, FOX was not happy that the show involved the "nobodies" who "get squished by policy" instead of the actual policy makers.¹²⁹
The show also featured space scenes that did not feature any sound, implicitly observing the lack of sound transmission in the vacuum of space. This was unlike most other science fiction shows which add sound for dramatic effect or to enhance the action.

Cast

Main characters

''Firefly'' maintained an ensemble cast that portrayed the nine crew members of the ship, ''Serenity''. These characters fight criminals and schemers, Alliance security forces, the utterly psychotic and brutal Reavers, and the mysterious men with "hands of blue" — who are apparently operatives of a secret agency which is part of the mega-corporation referred to in the DVD commentary only as The Blue Sun Corporation. The crew is driven by the need to secure enough income to keep their ship operational, set against their need to keep a low profile to avoid their adversaries. Their situation is greatly complicated by the divergent motivations of the individuals on board ''Serenity''. The show's brief run did not allow full elucidation of all the complex interrelationships of the cast and their external contacts.

★ 'Malcolm "Mal" Reynolds', played by Nathan Fillion, is ''Serenity'''s captain and former Independent sergeant in the pivotal ''Battle of Serenity Valley''. Very little is known about the enigmatic Captain; the little he reveals about his past life betrays nothing of his character (a mystery of its own). Malcolm reveals that he grew up on a ranch, and was raised by his mother and the ranchhands. The only other scenes of his past life we see or discover are about the Unification war, in which he and Zoe fought for the independents, or "browncoats". He has been known to consistently go to Alliance-friendly bars on "unification day" (the anniversary of the conclusion of the battle of Serenity Valley) and pick fights with the patrons (Reference: Release episode -The Train Job). Mal's character is full of contradictions. He is constantly fighting his demons, and his true self remains something of a mystery.

★ 'Zoe Alleyne Washburne', played by Gina Torres, is second-in-command onboard ''Serenity'', loyal wartime friend of Captain Reynolds, and wife of Wash. Described by her husband as a "warrior woman", she has great knowledge of combat. Her past is a mystery; the only thing we know is that she served under Mal during the war. She demonstrates an almost unconditional loyalty to Mal, the only exception noted being her marriage to Wash, which the captain apparently tried to prevent.

★ 'Hoban "Wash" Washburne', played by Alan Tudyk, is ''Serenity'''s pilot and Zoe's somewhat timid husband. He expresses jealousy over his wife's "war buddy" relationship and unconditional support of their captain, most particularly in the episode "War Stories", where he refuses to allow Zoe out on a mission. Taking her place instead, he regrets his decision when he and the captain are captured and tortured by Adelai Niska, a crime kingpin they had crossed earlier in the season. More is known of his past than any other character, but even that is very little. He joined pilot training just to see the stars, which were invisible from the surface of his polluted homeworld, and he joined Serenity despite being highly sought after by other ships.

★ 'Inara Serra', played by Morena Baccarin, is a Companion, which is the 26th century equivalent of a courtesan or oiran. Like her Renaissance counterparts, Inara enjoys high social standing. Her presence actually provides a degree of legitimacy and social acceptance the crew of Serenity would not enjoy without her on board. She and Mal have a strained relationship, with unspoken romantic tension playing a significant part in several episodes. Inara arguably represents Mal's heart, and Mal is a noticeably darker character when Inara is absent (as during the first half of ''Serenity''). She rents one of the ship's small shuttles.

★ 'Jayne Cobb', played by Adam Baldwin, is the hired muscle. He joined the crew as a mercenary: Mal offered him a higher wage and his own bunk, so he shot his previous partners. He is often the "main gun" for jobs, and is someone who can be depended on in a fight.^[46] He tends to act like a "lummox" who thinks he is the smartest guy in space, but occasional hints of intelligence peek through this facade, giving the impression that he acts dumber than he is.⁹ As Whedon states several times, Jayne is the man who will ask the questions that no one else wants to.^[47] Jayne betrays an ambiguous ethical code, being both prepared to betray for profit those who trust him, and also apparently ashamed of such impulses. Adding to his character's contradictions is the fact that, despite being shown as greedy and willing to do anything for money, he sends a significant portion of his income to his mother.

★ 'Kaywinnit Lee "Kaylee" Frye', played by Jewel Staite, is the ship's mechanic. In the episode "Out of Gas", it is established that she has no formal training, but keeps ''Serenity'' running with an intuitive gift for the workings of mechanical equipment. A carefree and bubbly young woman, Kaylee has a crush on Dr. Simon Tam. Kaylee's character is the soul of the ship: according to creator Joss Whedon, if Kaylee believes something, it is true.⁹ The effects of Kaylee's personality on the ship are obvious, from the painted floral decorations in the dining area to the personalized sign outside her bunk. Kaylee often acts as a surrogate sister to Mal, and can be understood to represent his conscience.

★ 'Dr. Simon Tam', played by Sean Maher, is a medical researcher and trauma surgeon of the first caliber (top 3% in his class at a top core planet institution), who is on the run after breaking his sister River out of a government research facility. His bumbling attempts at a relationship with Kaylee are a recurring subplot throughout the series, and at every turn he seems to find a way to unwittingly foil his own romantic desires. His life is defined by caring for his sister.⁹

★ 'River Tam', played by Summer Glau, was smuggled onto the ship by her brother. River was a child prodigy of unparalleled genius, but she was experimented upon at the hands of Alliance doctors, leaving her delusional, erratic, and at times violent. Her personal journey of self-discovery is a running theme throughout the series and the movie. River is constantly at war with her own demons. She sees and hears things that others do not, and experiences waking dreams of her memories of the Alliance "academy" experiments. Opinions of her vary among the crew: some value her, Jayne fears her, and the rest just want her to stay out of trouble.

★ 'Derrial Book', played by Ron Glass, is a Shepherd (equivalent to a priest, minister, or pastor). In the episode "Safe", it is revealed that he has priority status in the Alliance for unspecified reasons. Throughout the series, he demonstrates a peculiar depth of knowledge about firearms and criminal activities, such as an electromagnetic field ("net") that disables ships and leaves them vulnerable in space in the episode "Our Mrs. Reynolds". Although he is presented as a devout religious man, he is proficient in hand-to-hand combat and firearms, at one point making a kneecap shot holding his rifle in one hand (during a rescue attempt on Niska's Skyplex space station). He also has a deep understanding of the criminal world. In the episode "Objects in Space", bounty hunter Jubal Early refers to Book with the comment "That ain't no Shepherd", throwing further doubt upon Book's past.
All nine regular characters appear in every episode, with one exception: Book is absent from "Ariel", with the explanation that he was meditating at an abbey.
Three members of the ''Firefly'' cast appeared on Joss Whedon's other TV series as villains. Fillion was cast as Caleb in the final season of ''Buffy the Vampire Slayer'', while Torres and Baldwin took on recurring roles on ''Angel'' in its fourth and fifth seasons respectively (characters Jasmine and Marcus Hamilton). Baccarin was originally intended to portray Eve in ''Angel's final season, but in the end was unable to commit to the role. Summer Glau had appeared in the third-season ''Angel'' episode "Waiting in the Wings" before she was cast in ''Firefly''. In addition, Jewel Staite appeared in several episodes of the Tim Minear-produced ''Wonderfalls''.
Coincidentally, many cast members have also been involved as voice actors in the animated series ''Justice League Unlimited'' including Fillion, Baldwin, Baccarin and Torres.

Recurring characters

Despite the short run of the series, some recurring characters emerged from the inhabitants of the ''Firefly'' universe:

★ 'Badger', played by Mark Sheppard, is an established smuggling middleman on the planet Persephone. He provided jobs for ''Serenity'' on at least two occasions. In the DVD commentary for the episode "Serenity," it was revealed that this part was originally written with the intention of Whedon himself playing the part. Badger appeared in the original pilot "Serenity" and in "Shindig", with a return in the comic book series ''.

★ 'Adelei Niska', played by Michael Fairman, is a criminal who has a reputation for violent reprisals, including severe, prolonged torture, against those who fail him or even irritate him. He appeared in "The Train Job" and "War Stories".

★ "'Saffron'", played by Christina Hendricks, is a con artist whose original name is unknown. In the series she also used the aliases "Bridget" and "Yolanda", leading Mal to jokingly refer to her as the compound "YoSaffBridge" in the episode "Trash". She has a habit of marrying her marks in order to achieve her scams. She first appeared in the episode "Our Mrs. Reynolds".

★ "'The Hands of Blue'": Two anonymous men (also known as the "Two-by-Twos") wearing suits and blue gloves who pursue River, apparently to return her to the institute she escaped from, as shown in "The Train Job", "Ariel", and the ''Serenity: Those Left Behind'' comic. They kill anyone, including Alliance personnel, who had contact with her, using a mysterious hand-held device that causes fatal bleeding to anyone in its proximity, except them.

Reception

Critical review

On the day it premiered, the ''Boston Globe'' ran a story that was positive, stating that ''Firefly'' "...is a mess - a wonderful, imaginative mess brimming with possibility. About a dysfunctional family of space cowboys, the sci-fi series arrives not fully formed, like an elaborate photo that's still clarifying in developing fluid. While many shows burst onto the scene with slick pilots and quickly deteriorate into mediocrity, I'm thinking "Firefly" is on the opposite creative journey."^[48] However, Tim Goodman with the ''San Francisco Chronicle'' panned it. He felt that the melding of the western and science fiction genres was a "forced hodgepodge of two alarmingly opposite genres just for the sake of being different."^[49] He summed up his scathing review with this statement: "To call "Firefly" a vast disappointment is an understatement. Whedon has proven he's capable of brilliance, but this is mere folly."⁴⁹ Other critics appeared to dismiss the show after the first two episodes, "The Train Job" and "Bushwhacked". In its October 3, 2002, review, Salon.com stated:

...Whedon's new relativist characters seem a little lost. Admittedly, this is the point, but the show lacks the kind of psychological tension that makes "Buffy" snap. As much as the space and western genres have in common, "Firefly" could have probably done without the western soundtrack and the vague "Bonanza" look too. It's not just that the "space as Wild West" metaphor is somewhat redundant, but that neither genre binds the series to the present.^[50]

The reviewer conceded, however, that with only two episodes, it was worth giving Whedon the benefit of the doubt and that the inability to resonate with its viewers could be the fault of FOX for not airing the original pilot.⁴⁸ By the time the show was cancelled, however, subsequent episodes had drawn more favorable reviews:

Firefly is an absolutely brilliant show, perhaps the best sci-fi show on television today — and certainly the one with the most potential for future brilliance. In the weeks since its weak opening episodes, the series has run off a string of seven strong shows that would be the envy of any other TV show on the air today.^[51]

When the DVD was released in time for Christmas the following year, The ''New York Times'' had this to say:

the show featured an oddball genre mix that might have doomed it from the beginning: it was a character-rich sci-fi western comedy-drama with existential underpinnings, a hard sell during a season dominated by 'Joe Millionaire.'"^[52]

Another reviewer commented:

Despite its brief run, Whedon-aholics embraced it and fought to keep it on the air. After watching the DVD box set, it's easy to see why. All of Whedon's fingerprints are there: The witty dialogue, the quirky premises and dark exploration of human fallacy that made "Buffy" brilliant found their way to this space drama.^[53]

Cult status

In 2005, ''New Scientist'' magazine's website held an internet poll to find "The World's Best Space Sci-Fi Ever". ''Firefly'' came in first place, with its cinematic follow-up ''Serenity'' in second.^[54] Also, as of May 2007, it is the highest rated science fiction show of all time according to an online poll conducted by tv.com.^[55]
On May 9, 2006, the ''Firefly'' episodes were added to the iTunes Music Store for download as part of FOX Television Classics along with ''Buffy the Vampire Slayer'' and ''Lost in Space''. The episodes were initially listed in the order FOX originally aired them, but due to comments from fans in the Store, the episodes were listed in the order in which Whedon originally intended.
Brad Wright, co-creator of ''Stargate SG-1'' has said that "200", the 200th episode of SG-1, is "A little kiss to ''Serenity'' and ''Firefly'', which was possibly one of the best cancelled series in history." In the episode, "Martin Lloyd has come to the S.G.C. because even though "Wormhole X-Treme!" was cancelled after three episodes, it did so well on DVD they're making a feature [film]."^[56]
The follow-up film, ''Serenity'', was voted the best science fiction movie of all time in an ''SFX'' magazine poll of 3,000 fans.^[57]

Fandom

The show generated a following during its short lifetime. The original fans, self-styled Browncoats, first organized to try to save the series from being cancelled by FOX. Their efforts included raising money for an ad in ''Variety'' magazine and a postcard writing campaign to UPN. While unsuccessful in finding a host network, support for the show led to a release of the series on DVD in December of 2003.² Eventually, enough interest was shown to convince Universal Studios to produce a feature film, ''Serenity''.³ Numerous early screenings were held for existing fans in an attempt to create a buzz and increase ticket sales when it was released widely.³
On June 23, 2006 fans organized worldwide charity screenings of ''Serenity'' in 47 cities, dubbed as Can’t Stop the Serenityor CSTS, an homage to the movie’s tagline, “Can’t stop the signal.” The event raised over $65,000 for Equality Now.
Another campaign on June 23, 2006 referred to the date as ''Serenity'' Day, on which fans bought—and got others to buy—copies of the ''Serenity'' and ''Firefly'' DVDs in hopes of convincing Universal that creating a sequel was a good business decision. On this day, ''Serenity'' and ''Firefly'' were ranked second and third, respectively, on the DVD Best Sellers list.
The date for both campaigns were chosen because it is series creator Joss Whedon’s birthday.
In July 2006, a fan-made documentary was released, titled, ''Done the Impossible'', and is commercially available. The documentary relates the story of the fans and how the show has affected them, and also features interviews with Whedon and various cast members. A percentage of the DVD proceeds are donated to Whedon's favorite charity, Equality Now.
NASA Browncoat Astronaut Steven Swanson^[58] took the ''Firefly'' and ''Serenity'' DVDs with him on Space Shuttle Atlantis' STS-117 mission, which lifted off on Friday June 8, 2007. The DVDs will permanently reside on the International Space Station as a form of entertainment for the station's crews.^[59]

Awards

''Firefly'' won the following awards:

★ Emmy Award: ''Outstanding Special Visual Effects for a Series'', 2003

★ Visual Effects Society: ''Best visual effects in a television series'', 2003 (episode "Serenity")

★ Saturn Award: ''Cinescape Genre Face of the Future Award, Male'', 2003 (Nathan Fillion)

★ Saturn Award: ''Saturn Award for Best DVD Release (television)'', 2004

★ SyFy Genre Awards: ''Best Actor/Television'' Nathan Fillion, 2006^[60]

★ SyFy Genre Awards: ''Best Supporting Actor/Television'' Adam Baldwin, 2006

★ SyFy Genre Awards: ''Best Special Guest/Television'' Christina Hendricks for "Trash", 2006

★ SyFy Genre Awards: ''Best Episode/Television'' "Trash", 2006

★ SyFy Genre Awards: ''Best Series/Television'', 2006
The series was also nominated for the following awards:

★ Visual Effects Society: ''Best compositing in a televised program, music video, or commercial'', 2003

★ Motion Picture Sound Editors, USA, "Golden Reel Award": ''Best sound editing in television long form: sound effects/foley'', 2003

★ Hugo Award: ''Best Dramatic Presentation, Short Form'', 2003 (episode "Serenity")

★ Hugo Award: ''Best Dramatic Presentation, Short Form'', 2004 (episodes "Heart of Gold" and "The Message", which at that time had not been shown on television in the USA)

★ Golden Satellite Award: ''Best DVD Extras'', 2004

Broadcast history

''Firefly'' consists of one two-hour pilot and thirteen one-hour episodes. The show originally aired in the United States in 2002 on FOX, although FOX aired the episodes out of the intended order and did not air three of the fourteen episodes.
Although Whedon had designed the show to run for seven years,^[61] and the show had a loyal following during its original broadcast,^[62] low ratings resulted in cancellation by FOX in December 2002 after only eleven episodes had aired in the United States and Canada.^[63] Prior to cancellation, some fans, worried about low ratings, formed the ''Firefly'' Immediate Assistance campaign whose goal was to support the production of the show by sending in postcards to FOX. After it was cancelled, the campaign worked on getting another network such as UPN to pick up the series. The campaign was unsuccessful in securing the show's continuation.^[64]
The ''Onion A.V. Club'' cited several actions by the FOX network that contributed to the show's failure, most notably the fact that FOX aired the episodes out of chronological order, making the plot more difficult to follow.^[65] For instance, the two-hour episode "Serenity" was intended to be the series' premiere episode, and therefore contained most of the character introductions and back-story. However, FOX decided that "Serenity" was unsuitable to open the series, and the episode, "The Train Job", was specifically created to act as a new pilot. In addition, ''Firefly'' was promoted as an action-comedy rather than the more serious character study it was intended to be, and ''Variety'' magazine highlighted Fox's decision to occasionally preempt the show for sporting events.⁶³
A box set containing the fourteen completed episodes (including those which had not yet aired in the United States), was released on region 1 DVD on December 9, 2003, region 2 on April 19, 2004, and region 4 on August 2, 2004. The box features the episodes in the original order in which the show's producers had intended them to be broadcast, as well as seven episode commentaries, outtakes and other features. The DVDs feature the episodes as they were shot in 16:9 widescreen, with anamorphic transfers and Dolby Surround audio. By September 2005, its DVD release had sold approximately 500,000^[66] copies and was one of the top movers at Amazon.com for months. At Amazon.com the DVDs had average daily rankings of between 1st and 75th in 2003, 22nd and 397th in 2004, 2nd and 232nd in 2005, and 2nd and 31st in 2006 as of June 27, 2006.^[67] FOX has recently remastered the complete series in 1080i Hi-Definition for broadcast on UHD.^[68]

Episodes (In Order of Release Date)	Episodes (Intended Viewing Order)
"The Train Job" "Bushwhacked" "Our Mrs. Reynolds" "Jaynestown" "Out of Gas" "Shindig" "Safe" "Ariel" "War Stories" "Objects in Space" "Serenity" "Trash" (Unaired in the U.S.) "The Message" (Unaired in the U.S.) "Heart of Gold" (Unaired in the U.S.)	"Serenity" "The Train Job" "Bushwhacked" "Shindig" "Safe" "Our Mrs. Reynolds" "Jaynestown" "Out of Gas" "Ariel" "War Stories" "Trash" "The Message" "Heart of Gold" "Objects in Space"

Spin-offs

Joss Whedon said in an April 2003 ''USA Today'' interview that he had not given up on the show and hoped to continue it in any format . As a result, several spin-offs from the television series have been released in the years following its cancellation, spanning various forms of media.

Feature film ''Serenity''

Theatrical poster for the United States release of ''Serenity''. The movie focused on the two characters River and Malcolm Reynolds.

When attempts to have another network pick up the show failed, creator Joss Whedon decided to try to sell his concept as a film. Through a connection, he was introduced to Mary Parent with Universal Pictures, who immediately signed on after watching the episodes on DVD.^[69] By June of 2003, actors Nathan Fillion and Adam Baldwin confirmed this on the official ''Firefly'' forum, as did Whedon in several interviews.^[70][71][72] ''Serenity'' was released in Australia on September 29 2005, the United States and Canada on September 30 2005, and the United Kingdom and Ireland weeks later. It received generally positive reviews and opened at number two, taking in $10.1 million its first weekend, spending two weeks in the top ten, and totaling a US box office gross of $25.5 million and a box office gross of $13.3 million elsewhere.^[73] ''Serenity'' won film of the year awards from Film 2005^[74] and FilmFocus.^[75] It also won IGN Film's Best Sci-Fi, Best Story and Best Trailer awards and was runner up for the Overall Best Movie.^[76] It also won the Nebula Award for Best Script for 2005, the 7th annual 'User Tomato Awards' for best Sci-Fi movie of 2005 at Rotten Tomatoes, the 2006 viewers choice Spacey Award for favorite movie, the 2006 Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, Long Form^[77] and the 2006 Prometheus Special Award.
As a form of viral marketing for the film, Whedon released the R. Tam sessions, which are set before the television series. They were released unofficially by Whedon via the internet from August 16, 2005 to September 5, 2005.
At a preview screening for the film, Whedon indicated that he would consider reviving the series if a network purchased the broadcast rights from FOX Television as he will not work with FOX again.^[78]
The film takes place around two months after the events of the final episode and focuses on the character arcs of River and her involvement with the Alliance, and Mal. As Whedon stated, the film is "Mal's story as told by River."^[79]

Comics

A three-issue comic book miniseries titled '' was written by Joss Whedon and Brett Matthews, illustrated by Will Conrad and Laura Martin, and published by Dark Horse Comics. It serves as a link between the final episode of the series ("Objects in Space") and the film ''Serenity''. Each issue featured three different covers, depicting one of the nine main characters. In turn, each version had a different illustrator, including Joe Quesada, Bryan Hitch, Tim Bradstreet, John Cassaday and Jo Chen. The first issue was published in July 2005, and the final one appeared in September of the same year. The story focuses on the crew of ''Serenity'' taking a salvage job from Badger following a botched theft on a backwater planet, and the pursuit of River by the ominous blue-gloved men. The story is considered part of the ''Firefly'' canon and bridges the television show and the movie. The comics quickly sold out on release and both #1 and #2 issues went to second printings. A compilation trade paperback was released in January 2006.
It has been recently confirmed that Joss Whedon will re team with Brett Matthews to write ''Serenity: Better Days'' for Dark Horse comics to be released in the fall of 2007 as we see what happens when a heist goes right and the crew finds themselves on easy street. "This new story will take place in the 'Firefly' years i.e., everyone's alive," says Whedon. "Basically, they pull off a heist and everything doesn't go completely wrong. This, needless to say, has never happened, and it's about how they deal with success."

Roleplaying game

Main articles: Serenity (role-playing game)

A role-playing game entitled ''Serenity'', published by Margaret Weis Productions, Ltd, was released in 2005. The first adventure, ''Out in the Black'' by Laura and Tracy Hickman, was released on March 15, 2006.^[80]

Books

Following the motion picture release of ''Serenity'' and its subsequent novelization, a book series of original stories based on ''Firefly''/''Serenity'' were planned and contracted for by Pocket Books, who also published the ''Serenity'' novelization. However, while Pocket commissioned several proposals by a variety of authors (among them Keith R.A. DeCandido, Jamie Chambers & Margaret Weis, and Steven Brust), those proposals were never acted upon, and after over a year of waiting, Pocket cancelled the contract. Brust has done readings of his manuscript at various conventions since November 2005.^[81] He has also stated, as of April 8th, 2007, the following on his LiveJournal: ''

In other news, I'm finishing up a last polish on the Firefly novel, after which I'll send it to my agent, and, presumably, some time after that I'll figure out how to publish it as fanfic. Those who know, hang on to your information for a little while.''^[82]

According to Amazon.com, DeCandido is set to write a 304-page novel known as ''Mirror Image'', which will be set in the ''Firefly'' universe, and is supposedly to be released on July 1, 2009.^[83] However, DeCandido has denied this in two interviews.^[84][85]
A non-fiction book about the series, ''Finding Serenity: Anti-Heroes, Lost Shepherds and Space Hookers in Joss Whedon's Firefly'', was edited by Jane Espenson with Glenn Yeffeth, and was published in paperback on April 1 2005. Its collection of essays analyzes the various themes and ideas of ''Firefly''. Another book of essays has been proposed; however, these would be scholarly essays about ''Firefly'' and ''Serenity''.^[86][87] No specific publisher has been declared for the proposed book. As a follow-up to ''Serenity: The Official Visual Companion'', Joss Whedon has, along with most of the cast and many of the crew, been interviewed for the two-volume ''Firefly: The Official Companion''. Both volumes have now been published. They contain many previously unpublished photographs, along with the shooting scripts for each episode.

Computer game

On December 7, 2006, The Multiverse Network announced that it had obtained the rights from Twentieth Century Fox to develop a massively multiplayer online game based on the series, which is currently scheduled for release in 2008.^[88]

Notes

1. Whedon: "This movie should not exist," he continues. "Failed TV shows don't get made into major motion pictures—unless the creator, the cast, and the fans believe beyond reason. ... It is, in an unprecedented sense, your movie." The Browncoats Rise Again
2. When Fox canceled 'Firefly,' it ignited an Internet fan base whose burning desire for more led to 'Serenity'
3. The Browncoats Rise Again
4. Firefly series ready for liftoff
5. Whedon, ''Serenity: Relighting the Firefly'', DVD extra
6. Whedon, ''Serenity: The Official Visual Companion'', p. 8
7. Whedon, ''Firefly Companion, Vol 1'', 6
8. Whedon, "Interview with Joss Whedon", ''Done the Impossible''
9. Whedon, ''Firefly: the complete series: "Serenity" commentary''
10. Whedon, ''Firefly: the complete series: "Serenity" commentary''
11. Whedon, ''Firefly: the complete series: "Train Job" commentary'', track 1
12. Whedon, ''Firefly: the complete series: "Train Job" commentary'', track 7
13. Whedon, ''Firefly: the complete series: "Train Job" commentary'', track 6
14. Whedon, ''Firefly: the complete series: "Train Job" commentary'', track 3
15. Whedon, ''Firefly Companion, Vol 1'', 12
16. Fourteen minutes and thirty-nine seconds into the first episode of the Battlestar Galactica mini-series, in the beginning of the scene where Laura Roslin receives diagnostic of breast cancer. The Firefly ship is the third one to appear in the sky.
17. Whedon, ''Firefly Companion, Vol 1'', 11
18. Whedon, ''Firefly Companion, Vol 1'', 10
19. Whedon, ''Firefly Companion, Vol 1'', 10–11
20. Dixon, "The Reward, the Details, the Devils, the Due", ''Finding Serenity'', 8
21. Whedon, ''Firefly Companion, Vol 1'', 130
22. Music in the 'Verse: Firefly and Serenity
23. Goltz, "Listening to ''Firefly''", ''Finding Serenity'', 209–215
24. Whedon, ''Firefly Companion, Vol 1'', 132
25. Whedon, ''Firefly: the complete series: "Serenity" commentary''
26. Whedon, ''Firefly Companion, Vol 1'', 68
27. Interview with Nathan Fillion - Dreamwatch Magazine 107
28. Whedon, ''Firefly Companion, Vol 1'', 26
29. Whedon, ''Firefly Companion, Vol 1'', 60
30. Whedon, ''Firefly Companion, Vol 1'', 40
31. Whedon, ''Firefly Companion, Vol 1'', 94
32. Whedon, ''Firefly Companion, Vol 1'', 114
33. Whedon, ''Firefly Companion, Vol 1'', 142
34. Whedon, ''Firefly Companion, Vol 1'', 166
35. Whedon, ''Firefly Companion, Vol 1'', 6, 8
36. Whedon, ''Firefly Companion, Vol 1'', 8
37. The Writing Process
38. Whedon, ''Firefly Companion, Vol 1'', 150
39. Whedon, ''Firefly Companion, Vol 1'', 154
40. Whedon, ''Firefly Companion, Vol 1'', 128
41. Whedon, ''Firefly Companion, Vol 1'', 127
42. Whedon, ''Firefly Companion, Vol 1'', 24
43. Whedon, ''Firefly Companion, Vol 1'', 120
44. Whedon, ''Firefly Companion, Vol 1'', 66
45. This Sino-American (named the Anglo-Sino Alliance) allegiance is supported by the fact that upon closer examination of labels on the crates from the episode "The Train Job", the crates of Alliance goods are marked with a Chinese flag superimposed over a United States flag.
46. Whedon, ''Firefly: the complete series: "Train Job" commentary'', track 10
47. Whedon, ''Serenity: Director's Commentary'', track 7 "Mr. Universe"
48. Far-out "Firefly" May Take Wing
49. Sci-fi 'Firefly' is a bonanza of miscues from 'Buffy' creator
50. Giddyup, spaceman
51. ''Firefly'' vs. the Firing Squad
52. A DVD Face-Off Between the Official and the Homemade
53. Canceled TV Shows
54. The World's Best Space Sci-Fi Ever: Your verdict
55. The Highest Rated Sci-Fic Show of All Time
56. Wright on Target
57. Serenity named top sci-fi movie
58. http://www.breakingatmo.com/status/2007/06/meet-your-browncoat-astronaut
59. http://www.livescience.com/blogs/2007/06/07/board-game-sci-fi-to-ride-shuttle-atlantis-to-iss
60. SyfyPortal Awards
61.
62. {{Cite web
|date=October 7, 2002
|url=http://www.tvguide.com/News-Views/Columnists/Todays-News-Our-Take/default.aspx?posting={D109A6F9-CE33-43B3-93A8-9E4BDD81D619}
|title=Entertainment News
|publisher=TV Guide
|accessdate=2006-11-09}}
63. 'Firefly' feature alights
64. The Fan Campaign: A Timeline of Fan Efforts to Keep Firefly on the Air
65. Firefly: The Complete Series - Review
66. 'Firefly' alights on big screen as 'Serenity'
67. Real time Firefly DVD pricing and ranking from Amazon.com
68. 'Firefly' Gets Hi-Def Makeover
69. Whedon, ''Serenity: The Official Visual Companion'', p.17
70. Captain on Deck! hello to all

71. "Serenity Saloon" is open fer bidness

72. "Serenity Saloon" is open fer bidness

73. Serenity (2005) - Daily Box Office
74. Films Of The Year
75. Serenity
76. The Best of 2005
77. Hugo and Campbell Awards Winners
78. Completely completed SERENITY screens at Comic-Con! And...
79. Whedon, ''Serenity: Director's Commentary'', track 1 "Living Weapon"
80.
81. Brust reading May 2006
82. Brust LiveJournal
83. Amazon
84. Fireflytalk
85. The Signal
86. Call For Papers: Critical Studies in Television (CST) is asking for proposals for a book of essays on Firefly and Serenity
87. Call For Papers - Edited Collections: Firefly and Serenity
88. ''Firefly'' Reborn as Online Universe

References

★ ''Firefly — The Complete Series'' DVD set (UPC 024543089292)

★

★ {{cite visual|date=December 9, 2003|title=Firefly — The Complete Series|medium=DVD|distributor=20th Century Fox|id=ISBN 6308024716

★ Finding Serenity:Anti-heroes, Lost Shepherds and Space Hookers in Joss Whedon's "Firefly", , , , Banbella Books, 2004, ISBN 1-932100-43-1

★ Serenity: The Official Visual Companion, Joss Whedon, , , Titan Books, 2005, ISBN 1-84576-082-4

★ Firefly Official Companion, Volume One, Joss Whedon, , , Titan Books, 2006, ISBN 1-84576-314-9

★ ''Stargate SG-1'' - "200" (2006)

External links

★ Browncoats.com - The original, comprehensive ''Firefly'' Browncoat site