FINNO-PERMIC LANGUAGES

The 'Finno-Permic languages' form one of the main branches of the Uralic languages.
The Uralic languages family tree has three main groups, Finno-Permic, Ugric, and Samoyedic languages.
In some references the term ''Finnic'' is used to refer to the Finno-Permic languages, but this usage is regarded incorrect by Finno-Ugric specialists; the term ''Finnic'' is commonly used of the Baltic-Finnic languages.^[1]
In the past, Finno-Permic together with Ugric was thought to constitute a separate Finno-Ugric group of families, separating it out from the languages of Siberia and Northern Mongolia, but the Ugric node is increasingly seen to be as
distinct as the other two.

Contents

Members

Notes

References

Members

★ Permic (Permian)

★
★ Komi (''Komi-Zyrian'', ''Zyrian'')

★
★ Komi-Permyak

★
★ Udmurt (''Votyak'')

★ Finno-Volgaic (Finno-Cheremisic, Finno-Mari, Volga-Finnic)

★
★ Mari (Cheremisic)

★
★
★ Mari (''Cheremis'')

★
★ Mordvinic (Mordvin, Mordvinian)

★
★
★ Erzya

★
★
★ Moksha

★
★ Extinct Finno-Volgaic languages of uncertain position

★
★
★ Merya (position uncertain, extinct)

★
★
★ Meshcherian (position uncertain, extinct)

★
★
★ Muromian (position uncertain, extinct)

★
★ Finno-Lappic (Finno-Saamic, Finno-Samic)

★
★
★ Sami (Samic, Saamic, ''Lappic'', ''Lappish'')

★
★
★
★ Western Sami (Western Samic)

★
★
★
★
★ Southern Sami

★
★
★
★
★ Ume Sami — Nearly extinct

★
★
★
★
★ Lule Sami

★
★
★
★
★ Pite Sami — Nearly extinct

★
★
★
★
★ Northern Sami

★
★
★
★ Eastern Sami (Eastern Samic)

★
★
★
★
★ Kainuu Sami — Extinct

★
★
★
★
★ Kemi Sami — Extinct

★
★
★
★
★ Inari Sami

★
★
★
★
★ Akkala Sami — Nearly extinct

★
★
★
★
★ Kildin Sami

★
★
★
★
★ Skolt Sami

★
★
★
★
★ Ter Sami — Nearly extinct

★
★
★ Baltic-Finnic (Balto-Finnic, Balto-Fennic, Finnic, Fennic)

★
★
★
★ Estonian (including Võru and Seto dialects, whose status as separate languages is disputed)

★
★
★
★ Finnish (including Meänkieli or Tornedalian Finnish, Kven Finnish, and Ingrian Finnish)

★
★
★
★ Ingrian (Izhorian) — Nearly extinct

★
★
★
★ Karelian

★
★
★
★
★ Karelian proper

★
★
★
★
★ Lude (Ludic, Ludian)

★
★
★
★
★ Olonets Karelian (Livvi, Aunus, Aunus Karelian, Olonetsian)

★
★
★
★ Livonian (Liv) — Nearly extinct

★
★
★
★ Veps (Vepsian)

★
★
★
★ Votic (Votian, Vod) — Nearly extinct

Notes

1. Abondolo 1998

References

★ Abondolo, Daniel (ed., 1998), ''The Uralic Languages'', London and New York, ISBN 0-415-08198-X.