FINNO-PERMIC LANGUAGES
The 'Finno-Permic languages' form one of the main branches of the Uralic languages.
The Uralic languages family tree has three main groups, Finno-Permic, Ugric, and Samoyedic languages.
In some references the term ''Finnic'' is used to refer to the Finno-Permic languages, but this usage is regarded incorrect by Finno-Ugric specialists; the term ''Finnic'' is commonly used of the Baltic-Finnic languages.[1]
In the past, Finno-Permic together with Ugric was thought to constitute a separate Finno-Ugric group of families, separating it out from the languages of Siberia and Northern Mongolia, but the Ugric node is increasingly seen to be as
distinct as the other two.
★ Permic (Permian)
★
★ Komi (''Komi-Zyrian'', ''Zyrian'')
★
★ Komi-Permyak
★
★ Udmurt (''Votyak'')
★ Finno-Volgaic (Finno-Cheremisic, Finno-Mari, Volga-Finnic)
★
★ Mari (Cheremisic)
★
★
★ Mari (''Cheremis'')
★
★ Mordvinic (Mordvin, Mordvinian)
★
★
★ Erzya
★
★
★ Moksha
★
★ Extinct Finno-Volgaic languages of uncertain position
★
★
★ Merya (position uncertain, extinct)
★
★
★ Meshcherian (position uncertain, extinct)
★
★
★ Muromian (position uncertain, extinct)
★
★ Finno-Lappic (Finno-Saamic, Finno-Samic)
★
★
★ Sami (Samic, Saamic, ''Lappic'', ''Lappish'')
★
★
★
★ Western Sami (Western Samic)
★
★
★
★
★ Southern Sami
★
★
★
★
★ Ume Sami — Nearly extinct
★
★
★
★
★ Lule Sami
★
★
★
★
★ Pite Sami — Nearly extinct
★
★
★
★
★ Northern Sami
★
★
★
★ Eastern Sami (Eastern Samic)
★
★
★
★
★ Kainuu Sami — Extinct
★
★
★
★
★ Kemi Sami — Extinct
★
★
★
★
★ Inari Sami
★
★
★
★
★ Akkala Sami — Nearly extinct
★
★
★
★
★ Kildin Sami
★
★
★
★
★ Skolt Sami
★
★
★
★
★ Ter Sami — Nearly extinct
★
★
★ Baltic-Finnic (Balto-Finnic, Balto-Fennic, Finnic, Fennic)
★
★
★
★ Estonian (including Võru and Seto dialects, whose status as separate languages is disputed)
★
★
★
★ Finnish (including Meänkieli or Tornedalian Finnish, Kven Finnish, and Ingrian Finnish)
★
★
★
★ Ingrian (Izhorian) — Nearly extinct
★
★
★
★ Karelian
★
★
★
★
★ Karelian proper
★
★
★
★
★ Lude (Ludic, Ludian)
★
★
★
★
★ Olonets Karelian (Livvi, Aunus, Aunus Karelian, Olonetsian)
★
★
★
★ Livonian (Liv) — Nearly extinct
★
★
★
★ Veps (Vepsian)
★
★
★
★ Votic (Votian, Vod) — Nearly extinct
1. Abondolo 1998
★ Abondolo, Daniel (ed., 1998), ''The Uralic Languages'', London and New York, ISBN 0-415-08198-X.
The Uralic languages family tree has three main groups, Finno-Permic, Ugric, and Samoyedic languages.
In some references the term ''Finnic'' is used to refer to the Finno-Permic languages, but this usage is regarded incorrect by Finno-Ugric specialists; the term ''Finnic'' is commonly used of the Baltic-Finnic languages.[1]
In the past, Finno-Permic together with Ugric was thought to constitute a separate Finno-Ugric group of families, separating it out from the languages of Siberia and Northern Mongolia, but the Ugric node is increasingly seen to be as
distinct as the other two.
| Contents |
| Members |
| Notes |
| References |
Members
★ Permic (Permian)
★
★ Komi (''Komi-Zyrian'', ''Zyrian'')
★
★ Komi-Permyak
★
★ Udmurt (''Votyak'')
★ Finno-Volgaic (Finno-Cheremisic, Finno-Mari, Volga-Finnic)
★
★ Mari (Cheremisic)
★
★
★ Mari (''Cheremis'')
★
★ Mordvinic (Mordvin, Mordvinian)
★
★
★ Erzya
★
★
★ Moksha
★
★ Extinct Finno-Volgaic languages of uncertain position
★
★
★ Merya (position uncertain, extinct)
★
★
★ Meshcherian (position uncertain, extinct)
★
★
★ Muromian (position uncertain, extinct)
★
★ Finno-Lappic (Finno-Saamic, Finno-Samic)
★
★
★ Sami (Samic, Saamic, ''Lappic'', ''Lappish'')
★
★
★
★ Western Sami (Western Samic)
★
★
★
★
★ Southern Sami
★
★
★
★
★ Ume Sami — Nearly extinct
★
★
★
★
★ Lule Sami
★
★
★
★
★ Pite Sami — Nearly extinct
★
★
★
★
★ Northern Sami
★
★
★
★ Eastern Sami (Eastern Samic)
★
★
★
★
★ Kainuu Sami — Extinct
★
★
★
★
★ Kemi Sami — Extinct
★
★
★
★
★ Inari Sami
★
★
★
★
★ Akkala Sami — Nearly extinct
★
★
★
★
★ Kildin Sami
★
★
★
★
★ Skolt Sami
★
★
★
★
★ Ter Sami — Nearly extinct
★
★
★ Baltic-Finnic (Balto-Finnic, Balto-Fennic, Finnic, Fennic)
★
★
★
★ Estonian (including Võru and Seto dialects, whose status as separate languages is disputed)
★
★
★
★ Finnish (including Meänkieli or Tornedalian Finnish, Kven Finnish, and Ingrian Finnish)
★
★
★
★ Ingrian (Izhorian) — Nearly extinct
★
★
★
★ Karelian
★
★
★
★
★ Karelian proper
★
★
★
★
★ Lude (Ludic, Ludian)
★
★
★
★
★ Olonets Karelian (Livvi, Aunus, Aunus Karelian, Olonetsian)
★
★
★
★ Livonian (Liv) — Nearly extinct
★
★
★
★ Veps (Vepsian)
★
★
★
★ Votic (Votian, Vod) — Nearly extinct
Notes
1. Abondolo 1998
References
★ Abondolo, Daniel (ed., 1998), ''The Uralic Languages'', London and New York, ISBN 0-415-08198-X.
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