EPIDERMIS (SKIN)

Cross-section of all skin layers

Optical Coherence Tomography tomogram of fingertip, depicting stratum corneum (~500µm thick) with stratum disjunctum on top and stratum lucidum (connection to stratum spinosum) in the middle. At the bottom superficial parts of the dermis. Sweatducts are clearly visible.

'Epidermis' is the outermost layer of the skin. It forms the waterproof, protective wrap over the body's surface and is made up of stratified squamous epithelium with an underlying basal lamina.

Contents
Components
Layers
Sublayers
Additional images
External links

Components


The epidermis contains no blood vessels, and is nourished by diffusion from the dermis. The main type of cells which make up the epidermis are keratinocytes, melanocytes, Langerhans cells and Merkels cells.

Layers


The epidermis is divided into several layers where cells are formed through mitosis at the innermost layers. They move up the changing shape and composition as they differentiate and become filled with keratin. They eventually reach the top layer called stratum corneum and become sloughed off, or desquamated. This process is called ''keratinization'' and takes place within weeks. The outermost layer of epidermis consists of 25 to 30 layers of dead cells.

Sublayers


Epidermis is divided into the following 5 sublayers or strata, listed from the superficial to deep:

★ Stratum corneum

★ Stratum lucidum

★ Stratum granulosum

★ Stratum spinosum

★ Stratum germinativum (also called "stratum basale")
Mnemonics used for remembering the layers of the skin (using "stratum basale" instead of "stratum germinativum"):

★ "'C'orn 'L'overs 'G'row 'S'everal 'B'ales" (from superficial to deep)

★ "'B'efore 'S'igning, 'G'et 'L'egal 'C'ounsel" (from deep to superficial)

Additional images



External links



★ - "Integument: thick skin"

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