EMPEROR SEIWA
- + Add to Faves
- + Translate
- + Share
العربية
ä¸å›½
Français
Deutsch
Ελληνική
हिनà¥à¤¦à¥€
Italiano
日本語
Português
РуÑÑкий
Español
'Emperor Seiwa' (清和天皇 ''Seiwa-tennÅ'') (Third month, 25th day, 850 - Twelfth month, 4th day, 880) was the '56th' emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. He reigned from the eleventh month, 7th day, 858 until the eleventh month, 29th day, 876.[1]
Seiwa was the fourth son of Emperor Montoku. His mother was Empress Dowager Fujiwara no Akirakeiko (明å), also called the Somedono empress). Seiwa's mother was the daughter of Fujiwara no Yoshifusa (藤原良房), who was regent and great minister of the council of state.[2]
His personal name before he acceded to the Chrysanthemum Throne was Korehito (惟ä»). He was also known at Mizunoo no Mikado.[2]
He was the younger half-brother of Imperial Prince Koretaka (惟喬親王) (lived 844-897)
★ 868-949 Imperial Prince Sadaakira (惟喬親王) (Emperor YÅzei)
★ 870-924 Imperial Prince Sadayasu (貞明親王)
★ ???-930 Imperial Princess Atsuko (敦å内親王)
★ ???-930 Imperial Prince Sadamoto (貞固親王)
★ 873-916 Imperial Prince Sadasumi (貞純親王) - father of Minamoto no Tsunemoto (æºçµŒåŸº), founder of the Seiwa Genji, from whom the Kamakura shogunate and the Ashikaga shogunate were both descended, as well as from whom the Tokugawa shogunate claimed descent
★ 874-906 Imperial Princess Shikiko (è˜å内親王) ''saigÅ«'' (Imperial Princess serving at Ise Shrine)
★ 874-929 Imperial Prince Sadatoki (貞辰親王)
★ 875-916 Imperial Prince Sadakazu (貞数親王)
★ 876-922 Imperial Prince Sadayori (è²žé ¼è¦ªçŽ‹)
★ 876-932 Imperial Prince Sada?? (貞真親王)
Many other children, most of whom descended to subject status as members of the Minamoto Clan (Seiwa Genji, specifically)
Originally under the guardianship of his maternal grandfather Fujiwara no Yoshifusa, he displaced Imperial Prince Koretaka (惟喬親王) as Crown Prince. Upon the death of his father in 858, Emperor Montoku, he became Emperor at the age of 8, but the real power was held by his grandfather, Yoshifusa.
★ '''KashÅ 3''', (850): At the age of 9 months, Korehito''-shinnÅ'' was named his father's heir (Crown Prince or ''Taisi'').
★ '''Ten'an 2''', the 27th day of the 8th month (858): Emperor Montoku dies.[4] Korehito''-shinnÅ'' receives the succession (‘‘senso’’). Shortly thereafter, Emperor Seiwa formally accedes to the throne (‘‘sokui’’).[5]
★ '''Ten'an 2''', the 7th day of the 11th month (858): The emperor's official announcement of his enthronement at age 9 was accompanied by the appointment or his grandfather as regent (''sesshÅ''). This is the first time that this high honor has been accorded to a member of the Fujiwara family, and it is also the first example in Japan of the accession of an heir who is too young to be emperor. The proclamation of the beginning of Seiwa's reign was made at the Kotaijingu at Ise and at all the tombs of the imperial family.[6]
★ '''JÅgan 1''', in the 1st month (貞観元年; 859): All New Year's festivities were suspended because of the period of national mourning for the death of Emperor Montoku.[7]
★ 876 Seiwa abdicates suddenly, and enters Buddhist monastery
★ 880 Seiwa dies.
Emperor Seiwa's reign lasted for 18 years. He died at the age of 31.[8]
From the site of his tomb, he was also referred to as Mizunoo (æ°´å°¾) (see also Emperor Go-Mizunoo)
''KugyÅ'' (å…¬å¿) is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the Emperor of Japan in pre-Meiji eras.-- ''kugyÅ'' of Seiwa-tennÅ (in French)
In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During Seiwa's reign, this apex of the ''DaijÅ-kan'' included:
★ ''SesshÅ'', Fujiwara no Yoshifusa　(藤原良房),　804-872.[9]
★ ''DaijÅ-daijin'', Fujiwara no Yoshifusa.[9]　
★ ''Sadaijin'', Minamoto no Makoto　(æºä¿¡)
★ ''Sadaijin'', Minamoto no Tooru　(æºèž)
★ ''Udaijin'', Fujiwara no Yoshisuke　(藤原良相),　817-867.[11]
★ ''Udaijin'', Fujiwara no Ujimune　(藤原æ°å®—)
★ ''Udaijin'', Fujiwara no Mototsune　(藤原基経),　836-891.[11]
The years of Seiwa's reign are more specifically identified by more than one era name or ''nengÅ''.[13]
★ ''Ten'an'' (857-859)
★ ''JÅgan'' (859-877)
1. Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). ''Annales des empereurs du japon,'' p. 115; Varley, H. Paul. ''JinnÅ ShÅtÅki,'' p. 166.
2. Varley, p. 166.
3. Varley, p. 166.
4. Titsingh, p. 115. [Tsuchihashi conversion: 7.10.858 (Friday)/天安二年八月二å七日]
5. Varley, H. Paul. (1980). ''JinnÅ ShÅtÅki,'' p. 44. [A distinct act of ''senso'' is unrecognized prior to Emperor Tenji; and all sovereigns except JitÅ, YÅzei, Go-Toba, and Fushimi have ''senso'' and ''sokui'' in the same year until the reign of Go-Murakami.]
6. Titsingh, p. 115; Brown, Delmer. (1979). ''GukanshÅ,'' p. 286. [Tsuchihashi conversion: 15.12.858 (Thursday)/天安二年å一月七日]
7. Titsingh, p. 116.
8. Varley, p. 170.
9. Brown, p. 286.
10. Brown, p. 286.
11. Brown,p. 287.
12. Brown,p. 287.
13. Titsingh, p. 115.
★ Brown, Delmer and Ichiro Ishida, eds. (1979). ''GukanshÅ; "The Future and the Past: a translation and study of the 'GukanshÅ,' an interpretive history of Japan written in 1219" translated from the Japanese and edited by Delmer M. Brown & IchirÅ Ishida.'' Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-03460-0
★ Titsingh, Isaac, ed. (1834). [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi GahÅ (1652)], ''Nipon o daï itsi ran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon, tr. par M. Isaac Titsingh avec l'aide de plusieurs interprètes attachés au comptoir hollandais de Nangasaki; ouvrage re., complété et cor. sur l'original japonais-chinois, accompagné de notes et précédé d'un Aperçu d'histoire mythologique du Japon, par M. J. Klaproth.'' Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. --''Two copies of this rare book have now been made available online: (1) from the library of the University of Michigan, digitized January 30, 2007; and (2) from the library of Stanford University, digitized June 23, 2006.'' Click here to read the original text in French.
★ Varley, H. Paul , ed. (1980). [Kitabatake Chikafusa (1359)], ''JinnÅ ShÅtÅki ("A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: JinnÅ ShÅtÅki of Kitabatake Chikafusa" translated by H. Paul Varley).'' New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-04940-4
| Contents |
| Genealogy |
| Events of Seiwa''-tennÅ's life |
| ''KugyÅ'' |
| Eras of Seiwa''-tennÅ's reign |
| References |
| Notes |
| Further reading |
Genealogy
Seiwa was the fourth son of Emperor Montoku. His mother was Empress Dowager Fujiwara no Akirakeiko (明å), also called the Somedono empress). Seiwa's mother was the daughter of Fujiwara no Yoshifusa (藤原良房), who was regent and great minister of the council of state.[2]
His personal name before he acceded to the Chrysanthemum Throne was Korehito (惟ä»). He was also known at Mizunoo no Mikado.[2]
He was the younger half-brother of Imperial Prince Koretaka (惟喬親王) (lived 844-897)
★ 868-949 Imperial Prince Sadaakira (惟喬親王) (Emperor YÅzei)
★ 870-924 Imperial Prince Sadayasu (貞明親王)
★ ???-930 Imperial Princess Atsuko (敦å内親王)
★ ???-930 Imperial Prince Sadamoto (貞固親王)
★ 873-916 Imperial Prince Sadasumi (貞純親王) - father of Minamoto no Tsunemoto (æºçµŒåŸº), founder of the Seiwa Genji, from whom the Kamakura shogunate and the Ashikaga shogunate were both descended, as well as from whom the Tokugawa shogunate claimed descent
★ 874-906 Imperial Princess Shikiko (è˜å内親王) ''saigÅ«'' (Imperial Princess serving at Ise Shrine)
★ 874-929 Imperial Prince Sadatoki (貞辰親王)
★ 875-916 Imperial Prince Sadakazu (貞数親王)
★ 876-922 Imperial Prince Sadayori (è²žé ¼è¦ªçŽ‹)
★ 876-932 Imperial Prince Sada?? (貞真親王)
Many other children, most of whom descended to subject status as members of the Minamoto Clan (Seiwa Genji, specifically)
Events of Seiwa''-tennÅ's life
Originally under the guardianship of his maternal grandfather Fujiwara no Yoshifusa, he displaced Imperial Prince Koretaka (惟喬親王) as Crown Prince. Upon the death of his father in 858, Emperor Montoku, he became Emperor at the age of 8, but the real power was held by his grandfather, Yoshifusa.
★ '''KashÅ 3''', (850): At the age of 9 months, Korehito''-shinnÅ'' was named his father's heir (Crown Prince or ''Taisi'').
★ '''Ten'an 2''', the 27th day of the 8th month (858): Emperor Montoku dies.[4] Korehito''-shinnÅ'' receives the succession (‘‘senso’’). Shortly thereafter, Emperor Seiwa formally accedes to the throne (‘‘sokui’’).[5]
★ '''Ten'an 2''', the 7th day of the 11th month (858): The emperor's official announcement of his enthronement at age 9 was accompanied by the appointment or his grandfather as regent (''sesshÅ''). This is the first time that this high honor has been accorded to a member of the Fujiwara family, and it is also the first example in Japan of the accession of an heir who is too young to be emperor. The proclamation of the beginning of Seiwa's reign was made at the Kotaijingu at Ise and at all the tombs of the imperial family.[6]
★ '''JÅgan 1''', in the 1st month (貞観元年; 859): All New Year's festivities were suspended because of the period of national mourning for the death of Emperor Montoku.[7]
★ 876 Seiwa abdicates suddenly, and enters Buddhist monastery
★ 880 Seiwa dies.
Emperor Seiwa's reign lasted for 18 years. He died at the age of 31.[8]
From the site of his tomb, he was also referred to as Mizunoo (æ°´å°¾) (see also Emperor Go-Mizunoo)
''KugyÅ''
''KugyÅ'' (å…¬å¿) is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the Emperor of Japan in pre-Meiji eras.-- ''kugyÅ'' of Seiwa-tennÅ (in French)
In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During Seiwa's reign, this apex of the ''DaijÅ-kan'' included:
★ ''SesshÅ'', Fujiwara no Yoshifusa　(藤原良房),　804-872.[9]
★ ''DaijÅ-daijin'', Fujiwara no Yoshifusa.[9]　
★ ''Sadaijin'', Minamoto no Makoto　(æºä¿¡)
★ ''Sadaijin'', Minamoto no Tooru　(æºèž)
★ ''Udaijin'', Fujiwara no Yoshisuke　(藤原良相),　817-867.[11]
★ ''Udaijin'', Fujiwara no Ujimune　(藤原æ°å®—)
★ ''Udaijin'', Fujiwara no Mototsune　(藤原基経),　836-891.[11]
Eras of Seiwa''-tennÅ's reign
The years of Seiwa's reign are more specifically identified by more than one era name or ''nengÅ''.[13]
★ ''Ten'an'' (857-859)
★ ''JÅgan'' (859-877)
References
Notes
1. Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). ''Annales des empereurs du japon,'' p. 115; Varley, H. Paul. ''JinnÅ ShÅtÅki,'' p. 166.
2. Varley, p. 166.
3. Varley, p. 166.
4. Titsingh, p. 115. [Tsuchihashi conversion: 7.10.858 (Friday)/天安二年八月二å七日]
5. Varley, H. Paul. (1980). ''JinnÅ ShÅtÅki,'' p. 44. [A distinct act of ''senso'' is unrecognized prior to Emperor Tenji; and all sovereigns except JitÅ, YÅzei, Go-Toba, and Fushimi have ''senso'' and ''sokui'' in the same year until the reign of Go-Murakami.]
6. Titsingh, p. 115; Brown, Delmer. (1979). ''GukanshÅ,'' p. 286. [Tsuchihashi conversion: 15.12.858 (Thursday)/天安二年å一月七日]
7. Titsingh, p. 116.
8. Varley, p. 170.
9. Brown, p. 286.
10. Brown, p. 286.
11. Brown,p. 287.
12. Brown,p. 287.
13. Titsingh, p. 115.
Further reading
★ Brown, Delmer and Ichiro Ishida, eds. (1979). ''GukanshÅ; "The Future and the Past: a translation and study of the 'GukanshÅ,' an interpretive history of Japan written in 1219" translated from the Japanese and edited by Delmer M. Brown & IchirÅ Ishida.'' Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-03460-0
★ Titsingh, Isaac, ed. (1834). [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi GahÅ (1652)], ''Nipon o daï itsi ran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon, tr. par M. Isaac Titsingh avec l'aide de plusieurs interprètes attachés au comptoir hollandais de Nangasaki; ouvrage re., complété et cor. sur l'original japonais-chinois, accompagné de notes et précédé d'un Aperçu d'histoire mythologique du Japon, par M. J. Klaproth.'' Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. --''Two copies of this rare book have now been made available online: (1) from the library of the University of Michigan, digitized January 30, 2007; and (2) from the library of Stanford University, digitized June 23, 2006.'' Click here to read the original text in French.
★ Varley, H. Paul , ed. (1980). [Kitabatake Chikafusa (1359)], ''JinnÅ ShÅtÅki ("A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: JinnÅ ShÅtÅki of Kitabatake Chikafusa" translated by H. Paul Varley).'' New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-04940-4
This article provided by Wikipedia. To edit the contents of this article, click here for original source.
psst.. try this: add to faves
