EMPEROR MURAKAMI
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'Emperor Murakami' (æ‘上天皇 ''Murakami-tennÅ'') (June 2, 926–May 25,967) was the '62nd' emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. He ruled from 946 to his death in 967.[1]
Before he ascended to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal name (his ''iminia'') was Nariakira''-shinnÅ''.[2]
Nariakira''-shinnÅ'' was the 14th son of Emperor Daigo, and the younger brother of Emperor Suzaku by another mother.[3]
In 944, he was appointed crown prince and ascended the throne two years later.
★ '''TengyÅ 9''', the 13th day of the 4th month (946): In the 16th year of the reign of Suzaku''-tennÅ'' (朱雀天皇17å¹´), the emperor abdicated; and the succession (the ''senso'') was received by his younger brother, Nariakira-shinnÅ.[4]
★ '''TengyÅ 9''', the 28th day of the 4th month (946): Shortly thereafter, Emperor Murakami, who was 21 years old, acceded to the throne (the ''sokui'').[5]
His maternal uncle Fujiwara no Tadahira remained as the ''Sessho'' regent until 949. After the death of Tadahira, there was no regent and although contemporaries praised Murakami as the emperor who governed the state directly, in reality the Fujiwara clan seized power and ruled Japan. The brothers Fujiwara no Sanetomo and Fujiwara no Morosuke became the ''de facto'' rulers of Japan.
Emperor Murakami sought to reduce the expenses of government and keep the price of goods down.
He was a central figure in Heian period culture. In 951 he ordered the compilation of ''Gosen Wakashū''; this work was undertaken by the Five Men of the Pear Chamber under his patronage. He was also a skilled flute and koto (Japanese harp) player.
The Imperial Palace was destroyed by fire during his reign.
'KugyÅ'' (å…¬å¿) is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the Emperor of Japan in pre-Meiji eras.-- ''kugyÅ'' of Murakami-tennÅ (in French)
In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During Murakami's reign, this apex of the ''DaijÅ-kan'' included:
★
★ ''Kampaku'', Fujiwara no Tadahira (è—¤åŽŸå¿ å¹³), 880-949.[6]
★
★ ''DaijÅ-daijin'', Fujiwara no Tadahira (è—¤åŽŸå¿ å¹³).[6]
★
★ ''Sadaijin'', Fujiwara no Saneyori (è—¤åŽŸå®Ÿé ¼), 900-970.[6]
★
★ ''Udaijin'', Fujiwara no Saneyori (è—¤åŽŸå®Ÿé ¼).
★
★ ''Udaijin'', Fujiwara no Morosuke (藤原師輔), 908-960.[6]
★
★ ''Udaijin'', Fujiwara no Akitada　(è—¤åŽŸé¡•å¿ ).
★
★ ''Udaijin'', Minamoto no Taka-akira　(æºé«˜æ˜Ž).
The years of murakami's reign are more specifically identified by more than one era name or ''nengÅ''.[10]
★ ''TengyÅ'' (938-947)
★ ''Tenryaku'' (947-957)
★ ''Tentoku'' (957-961)
★ ''ÅŒwa'' (961-964)
★ ''KÅhÅ'' (964-968)
1. Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). ''Annales ds empereurs du japon,'' p. 139; Brown, Delmer ''et al.'' (1979). ''GukanshÅ,'' p. 296.
2. Varley, ''JinnÅ ShÅtÅki,'' p. 183; Brown, p. 264. [Up until the time of Emperor Jomei, the personal names of the emperors (their ''iminia'') were very long and people did not generally use them. The number of characters in each name diminished after Jomei's reign.]
3. Varley, p. 183.
4. Brown, p. 295; Varley, p. 44.
5. Titsingh, p. 139; Varley, p. 44. [A distinct act of ''senso'' is unrecognized prior to Emperor Tenji; and all sovereigns except JitÅ, YÅzei, Go-Toba, and Fushimi have ''senso'' and ''sokui'' in the same year until the reign of Go-Murakami.]
6. Brown, p. 296.
7. Brown, p. 296.
8. Brown, p. 296.
9. Brown, p. 296.
10. Titsingh, p. 139.
★ Brown, Delmer and Ichiro Ishida, eds. (1979). [ Jien (1221)], ''GukanshÅ; "The Future and the Past: a translation and study of the 'GukanshÅ,' an interpretive history of Japan written in 1219" translated from the Japanese and edited by Delmer M. Brown & IchirÅ Ishida.'' Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-03460-0
★ Titsingh, Isaac, ed. (1834). [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi GahÅ (1652)], ''Nipon o daï itsi ran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon, tr. par M. Isaac Titsingh avec l'aide de plusieurs interprètes attachés au comptoir hollandais de Nangasaki; ouvrage re., complété et cor. sur l'original japonais-chinois, accompagné de notes et précédé d'un Aperçu d'histoire mythologique du Japon, par M. J. Klaproth.'' Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. --''Two copies of this rare book have now been made available online: (1) from the library of the University of Michigan, digitized January 30, 2007; and (2) from the library of Stanford University, digitized June 23, 2006.'' Click here to read the original text in French.
★ Varley, H. Paul , ed. (1980). [ Kitabatake Chikafusa (1359)], ''JinnÅ ShÅtÅki ("A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: JinnÅ ShÅtÅki of Kitabatake Chikafusa" translated by H. Paul Varley).'' New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-04940-4
| Contents |
| Genealogy |
| Events of Murakami''-tennÅ's reign |
| ''KugyÅ'' |
| Eras of Murakami''-tennÅ's reign |
| References |
Genealogy
Before he ascended to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal name (his ''iminia'') was Nariakira''-shinnÅ''.[2]
Nariakira''-shinnÅ'' was the 14th son of Emperor Daigo, and the younger brother of Emperor Suzaku by another mother.[3]
Events of Murakami''-tennÅ's reign
In 944, he was appointed crown prince and ascended the throne two years later.
★ '''TengyÅ 9''', the 13th day of the 4th month (946): In the 16th year of the reign of Suzaku''-tennÅ'' (朱雀天皇17å¹´), the emperor abdicated; and the succession (the ''senso'') was received by his younger brother, Nariakira-shinnÅ.[4]
★ '''TengyÅ 9''', the 28th day of the 4th month (946): Shortly thereafter, Emperor Murakami, who was 21 years old, acceded to the throne (the ''sokui'').[5]
His maternal uncle Fujiwara no Tadahira remained as the ''Sessho'' regent until 949. After the death of Tadahira, there was no regent and although contemporaries praised Murakami as the emperor who governed the state directly, in reality the Fujiwara clan seized power and ruled Japan. The brothers Fujiwara no Sanetomo and Fujiwara no Morosuke became the ''de facto'' rulers of Japan.
Emperor Murakami sought to reduce the expenses of government and keep the price of goods down.
He was a central figure in Heian period culture. In 951 he ordered the compilation of ''Gosen Wakashū''; this work was undertaken by the Five Men of the Pear Chamber under his patronage. He was also a skilled flute and koto (Japanese harp) player.
The Imperial Palace was destroyed by fire during his reign.
''KugyÅ''
'KugyÅ'' (å…¬å¿) is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the Emperor of Japan in pre-Meiji eras.-- ''kugyÅ'' of Murakami-tennÅ (in French)
In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During Murakami's reign, this apex of the ''DaijÅ-kan'' included:
★
★ ''Kampaku'', Fujiwara no Tadahira (è—¤åŽŸå¿ å¹³), 880-949.[6]
★
★ ''DaijÅ-daijin'', Fujiwara no Tadahira (è—¤åŽŸå¿ å¹³).[6]
★
★ ''Sadaijin'', Fujiwara no Saneyori (è—¤åŽŸå®Ÿé ¼), 900-970.[6]
★
★ ''Udaijin'', Fujiwara no Saneyori (è—¤åŽŸå®Ÿé ¼).
★
★ ''Udaijin'', Fujiwara no Morosuke (藤原師輔), 908-960.[6]
★
★ ''Udaijin'', Fujiwara no Akitada　(è—¤åŽŸé¡•å¿ ).
★
★ ''Udaijin'', Minamoto no Taka-akira　(æºé«˜æ˜Ž).
Eras of Murakami''-tennÅ's reign
The years of murakami's reign are more specifically identified by more than one era name or ''nengÅ''.[10]
★ ''TengyÅ'' (938-947)
★ ''Tenryaku'' (947-957)
★ ''Tentoku'' (957-961)
★ ''ÅŒwa'' (961-964)
★ ''KÅhÅ'' (964-968)
References
1. Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). ''Annales ds empereurs du japon,'' p. 139; Brown, Delmer ''et al.'' (1979). ''GukanshÅ,'' p. 296.
2. Varley, ''JinnÅ ShÅtÅki,'' p. 183; Brown, p. 264. [Up until the time of Emperor Jomei, the personal names of the emperors (their ''iminia'') were very long and people did not generally use them. The number of characters in each name diminished after Jomei's reign.]
3. Varley, p. 183.
4. Brown, p. 295; Varley, p. 44.
5. Titsingh, p. 139; Varley, p. 44. [A distinct act of ''senso'' is unrecognized prior to Emperor Tenji; and all sovereigns except JitÅ, YÅzei, Go-Toba, and Fushimi have ''senso'' and ''sokui'' in the same year until the reign of Go-Murakami.]
6. Brown, p. 296.
7. Brown, p. 296.
8. Brown, p. 296.
9. Brown, p. 296.
10. Titsingh, p. 139.
★ Brown, Delmer and Ichiro Ishida, eds. (1979). [ Jien (1221)], ''GukanshÅ; "The Future and the Past: a translation and study of the 'GukanshÅ,' an interpretive history of Japan written in 1219" translated from the Japanese and edited by Delmer M. Brown & IchirÅ Ishida.'' Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-03460-0
★ Titsingh, Isaac, ed. (1834). [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi GahÅ (1652)], ''Nipon o daï itsi ran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon, tr. par M. Isaac Titsingh avec l'aide de plusieurs interprètes attachés au comptoir hollandais de Nangasaki; ouvrage re., complété et cor. sur l'original japonais-chinois, accompagné de notes et précédé d'un Aperçu d'histoire mythologique du Japon, par M. J. Klaproth.'' Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. --''Two copies of this rare book have now been made available online: (1) from the library of the University of Michigan, digitized January 30, 2007; and (2) from the library of Stanford University, digitized June 23, 2006.'' Click here to read the original text in French.
★ Varley, H. Paul , ed. (1980). [ Kitabatake Chikafusa (1359)], ''JinnÅ ShÅtÅki ("A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: JinnÅ ShÅtÅki of Kitabatake Chikafusa" translated by H. Paul Varley).'' New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-04940-4
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